 Hello friends. Today we will discuss about the critical examination part 2. The session will help the students to be able to apply and evaluate the cases using critical examination to the problems. Content of the session will be critical examination, mainly primary questions related to place, sequence and persons. And in second question, we will be discussing something about place, sequence and persons, what are the various secondary questions related to this. Critical examination sheet and finally, what is the evaluation phase. As we all know, the critical examination is consisting of total two sets of questions. One is primary question and other is the secondary questions. Primary question is helping us to understand what is being happening or what is the real necessity of the particular activity. The secondary questions will definitely have a focus on finding the better and alternative method. In all, we are talking about the five different parameters which will help us to arrive at the final alternative, which is a better method than the existing one. The purpose and means were discussed in the part 1 of the videos and in the today's section for the part 2, we are discussing the remaining areas of the critical questions. What is that place? What is the place? The location of carrying out the activity is challenged by the question, where is it done and why there only. For example, if a particular activity is going on, suppose an inspection activity is going on in the inspection table after machining operation. Now, if I see the purpose and the means, what is the purpose, what is the means that can be answered by primary and questions, secondary questions. When it comes to the place, the location where we are trying to do that activity, we are trying to inspect the jobs is the inspection table. The obvious question for the primary will be, where is it done? Is it done at the inspection table only? Why is it done there only? Probably now this requires a lot of further detailed analysis and detailed activities, which will tell us what is the purpose of doing them there only. Then the secondary question related to this, why there only? We will find out the various alternatives. After that sequence, the time of carrying out the activity is challenged by the question, where is it done and why then only. It is talking about the sequence of operations. A particular operation is being carried out at a particular sequence. Generally, the sequence process or operation process chart or flow process chart is there to help us and a particular activity is carried out at a particular location in a particular sequence. This particular sequencing question will help us, why is it done then and then only and when is it done? These things we will try to give. What is the current fact about the particular sequence of operation? The last in the entire critical question series is person, the level of skill and experience of the person performing the activity challenged by this question, who does it and why that person only. For example, if an operator is doing a particular operation, this question is challenging that who is that operator? Suppose the answer is the operator is an experienced qualified ITA plus some X years of experience is doing it. Then why that person only? Now, when we ask why that person, this requires further analysis that what is the nature of the job? Is it a roughing or it is a finishing operation? What is the tolerance? What is the surface finish required? What is the skill state it is required? Sometimes it may happen that occasionally we are loading a particular very good skilled job on the particular machine with the particular operation over a period of time that job may have changed or that sequence may have changed, the importance may have changed, but the operator still continues and in many cases we will find that the skill set required for the particular job may not be really necessary what we are trying to employ currently. If we challenge this question, probably we can replace the skill set of the operators with a better and alternative operator which will probably help us to improve the financial efficiency of the organization to improve the economy of the particular operation. It may happen that initially the skilled operator was doing it over a period of time the company may have tried some automations or some skilled settings or they may have gone for some poker systems where the skill set is practically replaced by the set of procedures and some job settings. As a result of that the skill required is only during setting and once the setting is done there is no skill required for the recurring operations of the job. In that case we are doing the automation but operator remains there only. We have invested all in automations and still a very skilled operator is performing a job on the automated area on the automated operations where the skill set required is literally unskilled or in semi-skilled operations. These primary questions are ensuring that what is they are ensuring that presently used method are clearly understood. The answers to these questions should clearly bring out any part of the work which is unnecessary or initiating in respect of means, sequence, persons or place. The next important part is secondary questions. Once we have understood and once we have gone for the primary questions we have understood what is the present level of importance, why the particular activity is carried out, who is carried out, where it is carried out, what sequence it is being carried out. The next secondary question will give us the possible alternatives for the particular set of primary questions. For example place. Other places for carrying out the activity are considered by the question. Where else could it be done? Suppose in the previous example of inspection we are creating a separate inspection table for inspecting the jobs and now we have found that that inspection table was there initially when the company was set up over a period of time the company has made a lot of improvements and at each and every machine there's a separate arrangement made on the machine itself where we can inspect the job and it is not necessary to move out that job from machine to inspection table and from inspection table to again final assembly. In this case where else could it be done? The answer is it can be done on the machine itself so there is no need to transport the job from machining to the inspection table. It will have a lot of mental handling issues in the meanwhile it may have some adverse effect on the quality also. So the question related to place is where else could it be done? Where it was done? It was on the inspection table. Where else could it be done? It can now be done on a in machine itself instead of inspection table so this gives a better alternative than the original existing method of the location. Next is sequence. The secondary question asked under this is when else could it be done? The sequence may be first, mid, second and so on and so forth. Each and every sequence, the sequential number has its own importance. There may be cases where a particular operation is being carried out after a particular equation, after a particular operation. The reason is that the subsequent operation takes some references of the previous operation. As a result of that we need to do the particular sequencing only and there will be some cases where the operations are independent of each other where there is no need to have any reference of the earlier sequences then we can think of where else could it be done? It can be done somewhere else also in the sequence where the resource is idle, where the resource has enough of capacity and as a result of that probably we can improve the flow of the material in a better manner. The person, the possibility of carrying out the activity by other person are considered by asking this question where who else should do it? As I said earlier also a skilled operator was doing the job and over a period of time the skill set has been deployed by the mechanisms by the automations. As a result of that currently the particular operation may not require any skills. Therefore who else can do it? It may come to the conclusion that initially we can think of a semi-skilled operator can do it. Further we can analyze the skill and then we may come down to a unskilled operator also can do that job. As a result of that we can save in terms of skill of the operation in terms of money and thereby it will improve the overall economy of the entire process as such. This phase involves a search of alternative possibilities within the imposed restrictions of the cost volume of production and the like. For the method study man uses his own past experience with the same or similar problems or refers to the handbooks and textbooks. The answer to the following questions sought through evaluation of the alternatives. What should it be done? How should it be done? Where should it be done? When should it be done and who should do it? In short it is a 4W1H question series, a very famous question series everybody should read. These answers follow the basis of proposal for the improved method. This is a summary table which gives the entire purpose means play sequence and persons all five parameters taken together and what are the primary and secondary questions in the table. The first the second column will give the questions related to the primary. The second and the third column is giving you what are the secondary questions and what is the alternative and what is the selected alternative for the development of the processes. After that evaluation phase requires you have to evaluate through economy, safety, work, quality and human factors. Economic considerations will tell you whether it is economical or not. The purpose of safety is more important. The evaluation of quality factor also determines whether the alternative selected shall make a better product quality and lastly human factor considers. Ensure that a new method will be interesting, very easy to learn less monotonous and will cause less fatigue to the operator. Finally, the question is a skilled operator, ITA plus 10 years of experiences performing a low level roughing turning operation job on a lathe machine. Is this correct? Please think on this. The answer is obviously it is not correct. Since it is a roughing operation, the present skilled operator can be replaced by other low skilled operator thereby reducing the cost and reducing the scale also. So, thank you. Thank you.