 Monkeypox is a viral disease caused by orthopoxviruses, which can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is characterized by fever, headache, muscle aches and rash. The mortality rate ranges from 10% to 20%, with higher rates seen in children. The disease is endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but it has also been reported in other African countries. In the United States, it was first reported in 2003 when it was imported from Africa. Recent reports suggest that the disease may be more widespread than previously thought. There is a lack of reliable data regarding its incidence and prevalence, making it difficult to assess the risk of transmission and develop effective control measures. This article was authored by Nikola Sklonowska and Mark van Ransst.