 Zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZNONPs, have become increasingly popular in various industrial products and biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and potent ability to trigger excessive oxygen species production, release zinc ions, induce cell apoptosis, keep the structural integrity of insulin, and show excellent luminescent properties for bio-imaging. This article was authored by Gene Huang, Jiang, Jiang Pi, and GSCAI.