 Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater or soil is currently the most cost effective and non-harmful way of removing xenobiotics from the environment. Absorbing microorganisms onto carriers can significantly reduce the cost of bioremediation as well as allow for the reuse of bio-catalysts. Carriers are selected based on the type of pollutant, the type of remediation process, and situ or ex-situ, and the properties of the immobilized microorganisms. The recent studies have shown that natural carriers can be used to improve the efficiency of bioremediation while minimizing any negative effects on the microorganisms or the contamination itself. This article was authored by Anna Dzianek, Danuta Wajasinska, and Ursula Guzik.