 Welcome learners. Today we will be discussing about group behavior and team development. This is the first video lecture for this group. This video lecture is divided into two parts. After completion of each part, you need to self-check your progress at the end of the lecture and you need to participate in the discussion forum so that we can understand your level of understanding. So, first part of this video lecture is concept of group and group dynamics. And the second part will be about team. So, in this video lecture, we will be discussing about the concept of group dynamics and group. Learning up outcome. After going through this first part of the presentation, you will be able to state the concept of group and group dynamics. Then you will be able to explain the types of group that is formal group or informal group. Then you will be able to state the concept of group behavior. And at the end of this lecture, we will be discussing about the group decision making process. So, first let us discuss about the concept of group. A group is a collection of two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, which have come together to achieve particular objectives. A group is thus an aggregation of people who interact with each other, are aware of one another and have a common objective and perceive themselves to be a group. So, to have a group, you need to interact with people and then you need to have some common objectives. Then let us discuss about the characteristics of group. So, when we talk about a group, there should be at least two or more people in a group. Then they should have collective identity. Then there should be interaction among them and the group should be formed for some common purpose. So, when you talk about any group, just remember that to become a group, you need to have more than two people, two or more than two. So, you need to have common identity and there should be common purpose. From this diagram, you have seen I have pointed out there are different types of groups. So, basically groups can be categorized into under formal group or informal group. Again, formal group can be subdivided into four types. One is your common group, then another is task group, project group and committee. On the other hand, in case of informal group, you will see that again it can be categorized under three subdivisions. That is friendship group, interest group and reference group. So, we will be discussing all these again. First, let us discuss the formal group. So, in case of formal group, everything happens in very formal way. So, first, a subscription of this formal group is your command group. A command group is composed of a supervisor that is generally in case of organization, we consider it as manager and the subordinate who report directly to the supervisor. So, in any organization, whenever we see that the supervisor is instructing their subordinates, it is kind of common group. Then, we will come to the task group. A task group comprises persons working together to complete a common task. Then comes our project group. Likewise, project groups are formed to complete a specific project. The life of the project group normally coincides with the length of the project. So, in any organization, we have seen that they have some specific projects. For that, they collect people from different departments and then they do that particular project. So, those people who were in a particular project were considered as the project group. Then, the fourth type of formal group is committees. Committees are usually created outside a usual command group structure to solve recurring problems. The life of a committee may be relatively long or short. So, suppose examination committee or suppose other ethics committee, all these were examples of some types of committees in any organization. Now, let us discuss about the informal groups. Like formal groups, informal groups does not have specific boundaries. Like, there is no specific criteria that you need to belong to these things for an informal group. It is much informal in nature. There are three types of informal groups. Those were your friendship groups, interest groups and reference groups. So, first we will discuss about friendship groups. Friendship groups are associations of people who like each other and who like to be together. So, you may have friendship group with your neighborhoods, your peer groups, maybe with your school friends. So, these are informal kind of groups. Then comes the interest groups. Interest groups are composed of individuals who may be members of the same organization, maybe like command or task group, but they are united by their interest in a common issue. Suppose for a particular type of game, there may be interest group in the organization. Then comes the reference group. A reference group is a special type of informal group that people use to evaluate themselves. A reference group may or may not be an actual one that meets together. It can be an imaginary group. Now, let us discuss about the concept of group behavior. Groups are composed of individuals. Hence the group behavior means behavior of its members and how it turn it is also affected by them. The behavior of individual members in a group becomes different than their behavior outside the group situation. Therefore, while studying group behavior, the factors that should be considered are group norms, group cohesion and group decision making etc. So, in general we have seen that like when one individual behaves as an individual, it is quite different from that when he or she behaves in a group. So, this concept of group behavior like it considers three aspects that is group norms, group cohesion and group decision making. So, first we will discuss about group norms. Group norms identify the standards against which the behavior of group members will be evaluated and help the group member to know what they should or should not do. Thus the group norms have following characteristics. As personality reveals an individual, so group norms do for groups. Norms serve as the basis for behavior of group members. They predict and control the behavior of members in a group. Norms are applied to all members of the group. So, norms are generally considered as some set standards and it is applicable to each and every member in the group. Then comes group cohesion. Group cohesion means the degree to which the group members are attracted to each other and remain within the group. The more the group cohesion, the bonding between the group members were better. Now we will discuss about intergroup behavior. Organizations are composed of individual and groups. Organizations being a system, both individuals and groups cannot remain independent, but dependent on each other. The nature of interdependence among different groups can be classified into the following categories. First one is pulled interdependence. It refers to group work that may simply be divided among the members in order to be compiled into a finished product at a later time. So, what is pulled interdependence? That means the group member will do their work individually and then compiling all the work together. It is called as pulled interdependence. Then sequential interdependence. It occurs when group members are dependent on the completed work of other members prior to being able to complete their own part. Then comes the reciprocal interdependence. It requires the greatest level of interaction among the members as they work together simultaneously. Members influence one another as tasks are accomplished simultaneously with the input from the others. So, in case of reciprocal interdependence, each and every member they interact with the other member simultaneously and the decisions were taken during that interaction. Now we will discuss about the group decision making. When a group makes decision, it can be either throw the consensus mode or throw majority vote. The following are the components of group decision making that should be taken into consideration. So, first thing is group size. So, what is the size of a group? It also influences on group decision making. Then group composition like how many members were there, whether all were in employees, employers, all that things also need to be considered. Then enmity of group consensus that whether all the persons were agreed to particular decision or majority is agreed to that decision and then that risk is shift. Like the decision will influence what way to the others. Hope you have understood this video lecture. See you again with another video lecture. Thank you.