 Fidbar, do we need to worry about insects at this early stage? Do we need to spray? No. Why not? At this stage the the insect damage is can be completely compensated for by the plant so normally the things you get at the early stage are things like leaf folder a little bit leaf folder and world maggot. World maggot actually is the biggest problem this time of year but as the plant grows it just it just disappears because the plant as the leaves get thicker the maggots can't actually eat the leaf. But you know I keep worrying I see things on the leaves like this year or something's chewed on it. Does this is a world maggot? There's a world maggot then. There's nothing to worry about? No problem, no problem. In fact this is even light it's not even a you know a normal infestation of world maggot. What is this here? There's some egg masonage here. Yeah these are these are probably some sort of parasitoid that has so it's a wasp cocoon and these are beneficial again so it's good news these will fly off there's about 40 of them there so they'll fly off then and parasitize things like leaf folder larvae or other caterpillars so they're again a beneficial insect. Fidbar or so already saw a few lady beetles that's what I would call them. Yeah are they flying much of a role at this early stage? They're also very important they're also feeding on on the natural the herbivore insects so they eat eggs mainly also good predators of aphids and also the dragonfly there's a lot of dragonfly flying around. One of the things when you think about insects and rice you have to remember that in the water another problem generated by rice is mosquitoes and the dragonfly larvae live in the water they have a very big strong jaws and they prey on the dragon on the mosquito larvae so they're keeping their mosquitoes down so really there's a whole ecosystem here functioning to keep everything in order. I mean we really have to look out to see all these things I see a little spider web here and some some little insects are caught in there what are those? These are those midges that are flying around these are the decomposer midges so they're again beneficial and spiders are very important predators of things like plant hoppers mainly plant hoppers. So but you know when I look around I see lots of critters here insects of all kinds the little things flying or calling so is that one of the reasons that some farmers think they have to spray because they see all these insects? Well a lot of people don't understand what these insects are doing so a lot of people when they see these swarms of midges for example that are decomposing the material they think it's a pest and they'll spray. The same with the world maggot one of the biggest problems of the world maggot is that it induces farmers to spray but we never see any yield reduction the same with leaf folder. Looking quite good. Lee do you have any worries about insects? When do we need to start worrying about them again? A little bit in finbar's hands my knowledge of insects is not particularly profuse I'm probably more worried about the rats I think the rats have just given us an early warning over there. Yeah look at this it's all chopped off seedlings here who was chopped out which probably looked like rat damage so some mean rat went through here and basically created the total empty patch here just chopped up on the right on the on the surface here. Not much we can do about that one.