 Commercial pure titanium, CPT, has been the material of choice in several disciplines of dentistry due to its biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion and mechanical properties. Despite a number of favorable characteristics, CPT as a reconstruction and oral implant material has several shortcomings. This paper highlights current knowledge on material properties, passive oxidation film formation, corrosion, surface activation, cell interactions, biofilm development, allergy, casting, and machining properties of CPT for better understanding and potential improvement of this material for its clinical applications. This article was authored by Mutt Lewoskin and Christof Hammerly.