 Hello again. So today's question is quite topical. It's, what do you think of Extinction Rebellion and is it the right approach? Well it's certainly in the news, something that we can certainly say about the movement is that it's got, as paying attention, it's got governments paying attention, it's been in the media, it's basically put a big roadblock literally in the middle of London and got people thinking about things, whether they get annoyed or not about it. And so it's important to be aware of when we're looking at things like permaculture, we often think of permaculture as being about gardening and growing food and that kind of thing for ourselves. But when we're trying to change a system like the world is currently is, to improve it, to fix the things that we'd be messing up, we have to work on different levels. So in the same way that if I'm growing things in my garden, I'm thinking about irrigation, I don't just think about how much water I need in my water tank. I think the water tank is going to be basically is for irrigating the plants in the garden. So how can I reduce the need of the plants in my garden so I don't need such a big tank? Because of course a big tank where you've got a bind, it takes up space, we can look at it and say well a water tank full of water which won't always be a particularly in the summer months. But yeah, a water tank has thermal mass and so that thermal mass can be useful in the winter time because it can store some of the heat in the day and create a nice microclimate. And so these things have other purposes. But essentially a big water tank in a small garden is going to take up a lot of space and I would always start from the perspective of how can I reduce my need to water. And of course permaculture has many techniques that we can use. Things like improving the organic matter content of the soil in order to increase water holding capacity, to use mulching to reduce evaporation and to increase infiltration because of course a hot soil will just directly evaporate material. Whereas if soil is covered with a mulch then it keeps the soil cool and the water can percolate down through into the soil rather than being pushed out by the warm air coming out of the soil. So I look at soil first and then I go up a scale. So when we're talking about extinction rebellion we're talking about national and international scale of things. And it's very important for us to be taking personal action at home. But it's also important for us to raise the alarm if you like. It's many of us, if we look at a beehive. Okay I'm going sideways again but I love to do this. If you look at a beehive, if somebody approached, so I did this a few years ago, I approached a beehive that I was unfamiliar with without any protective clothing. And I didn't think I got quite close, you know really that close, but I suddenly found myself being hit on the head with a bee. And I got out of there pretty quickly because I took that as enough of a warning. And bee colonies are dangerous when instead of just having one bee coming at me at that distance they all come at you. So basically it's about what's called response diversity. Some bees will respond more quickly than others and that's good because essentially if I only need one bee to scare me off then one bee is enough for the job. If I continue to get closer then more bees join in. And it's the same with us. Some of us get concerned about the climate. I'm already concerned about the climate and feel that something needs to be done and others of us are not so fast. But it doesn't need all of us to be raising the alarm. And what Extinction Rebellion is doing is basically helping the alarm to be raised. Putting that big sign up saying perhaps we should be doing something about this. And in order for that to work really on a global level we need to be working with governments and such who create rules. And in systems thinking rules and incentives are very powerful are they? There was a thing recently about plastic and campaigning against plastics and the fact that so many I mean what horrified me is wet wipes have become really popular. I had no idea at all and that they're really full of plastic. Most of wet wipe is plastic and yet the packaging doesn't label wet wipes as having any plastic at all. So on the TV program they were just basically writing to the company saying why don't you put plastic on and they went and approached them. And the response was basically well we didn't we'll do it when EU legislation says we have to do it. So rules and regulations can be very powerful. Some of us respond to incentives like it could be a really horrible place to live. Food might run out. Perhaps you know it's and also it's nice to grow food for ourselves because it's fresher where healthier is less carbon involved and so on. So different things different people respond to different things and we need to pitch at all levels. So to come back to summarise what is the difference or the connection I'd say between extension rebellion and permaculture. Well we need to raise the alarm we need to raise awareness that there is a problem and we need to do something about it and we need to think ahead rather than be stuck in this. All I care about is today which I suppose is epitomised in that I'm trying to get to work and this is a bit of an inconvenience which is a little bit we tend to be aware of things that are happening now rather than things that might happen in the future. Yes why might sea levels rise by two or three metres in the next century and London will be under water but so what because I won't be here. But right now I'm trying to get to work. So things that happen in the moment tend to draw our attention and be more important but we need to be thinking bigger picture a longer term and the extinction rebellion movement are trying to raise the alarm and permaculture fits very nicely with that because permaculture gives us the tools to do something about it because whilst campaigning for change on a global and international national level is very important those things take a lot of moving and needs a lot of people to stand up and say hey let's do something about this to really push that because it's a big very difficult to move object whereas the choices we make for ourselves they may seem small but they're really easy because we just get up tomorrow and say okay now I'm no longer going to x y or z you know buy single use plastic whatever it is so extinction rebellion is basically raising the alarm permaculture gives us the tools and if you haven't got some permaculture training yet then it's a really good place to start because it helps to give you a yes somewhere to start somewhere to focus back on ourselves and say okay how am I going to change in order to make this whole thing better