 So thank you for being here at our session. So I asked myself, what is a public space in prehistory? Of course, we have our views, what it is now a public space. We know historical sources, and what does the public space in prehistory saw something which is self-presented, which is another view of the landscape, how it is structured. And what, who makes the public space a public space? It's also a question. It's a brotherhood, a unity highway made through Yugoslavia after the Second World War. This was made by volunteers. Between Ljubljana and Zagreb, 54,000 volunteers made the highway in eight months. This is now not possible. I'm just talking about it. And who sets the rules for the public spaces? So who is the one people still, Vlachy, still in the Balkan region, still doing sacrifice on the graves and so on? Who sets the rules for burning people, for trafficking, for commerce, and so on? So we'll be going to Slovenia and the broader region. I'll go through the Bronze Age into the Iron Age just to have maybe an idea of how things can change and where we can also seek for this public spaces. A few years ago, in 1999, it was published this article. These are the early and middle Bronze Age sites. We didn't have any of them fully excavated. Then, of course, the highways came, so new sites were excavated. Some of them also fully excavated. So now in northeastern Slovenia, we have the first insight into locations, how they looked like, how sites were structured, and so on. So one of the sites, as you see, it's sort of like it's dated in the middle and in the beginning of the late Bronze Age, just to see how it was located near a stream, which is quite often, and you see the houses. And in the center of this site, you see a more or less empty space. This is something which is, to us, very familiar, to see some common places in the center of small settlements. And then we have a little bigger settlement. Again, this is a pince from the same period, middle to the late Bronze Age. This is a bigger site, and this is also, this is new. So this is plowing, modern plowing. This is what is seen here in the center. So again, there is a site with a big, empty place in the center, and we have fireplaces, which were found only in this area. And then we move forward. This is Rogoza, from a site from the Halstad. A period is dated approximately between 1200 and 1000, plus minus. You see, it comes a little bit closer. So we have groups of buildings around smaller areas, and then in the center of this settlement, again, there is a place where no structures could be found. And if we move forward, this is just three kilometers away, the same period. Again, there, Orejova was also from the same period, also finds matching, C14 matching, everything is matching. We see a quite interesting situation, different situation. We see two bigger groups of houses in the middle of it. Here, we see an interesting structure. None of the structures are like that. It's a house, a building built on some timbers, and it has a ditch, whereas all the houses were built with post-post-classical building, and we have a big, no one knows what it is, pit of irregular shape at the edge of this settlement. And another site, Dragomel, which is also from this period in central Slovenia, it wasn't published yet, but just some pieces of it are published already. So we have groups of buildings, again. And here, here, we have between two of the building groups, we have two hordes, those hordes, and we see two of them. One, it's a big horde with a lot of material and the other one, it's a small horde. This one, just scrap cut access, it's a little bit later if we date this biconical Ingots and so on and so on and Plano convex Ingots, it can be a little bit later. So this is an overview, what happens in the middle and the late Bronze Age in central and northeastern Slovenia. But I would mostly focus on the Iron Age. What happens in the Iron Age? We're going to Postela, it's a hill-port site with tumuli around it, all down to the plain. Tumuli with one individual buried in the central burial chamber. We know these attires from the Hall, classical attire from the Hallstatt period, massive structures which are visible. This is more than eight by eight meter and four meters high was this tumuli. We have one which is 50 meters in diameter and eight meters high. So these are structures which are visible in the relief. So if we look around Postela, we have situations with a hill-port in the center. Then we have two burial cemeteries, two groups of mounds in a flat cremation cemetery. Then we have here mounds in another distinct group and now which we discovered this year, flat cremation cemetery also here. We have bigger tumuli here, one is now erased and we have this one 50 meters in diameter in the center. And we see hallways following different ridges going to the hill-port. And this is the place, the upper part of the hill-port with the groups of perils. So I asked also myself, is community work also creating public things, public spaces? We did a lot of geophysics and of course one of the things is the rampart. We did a section of the rampart. You can see it with ERT excavations done also in the 80s. So we have one kilometer of rampart which would give an approximate 8,000 cubic meters. That is really an estimation because it has three phases and so on and so on. But we mustn't forget about the interior of the settlement because we excavated a trench here in the central part. It is two meters deep and this is just layers which were prolonged or within the central plateau. The central plateau is almost 5,000 square meters. And on this edge, it goes down to two meters. So again, a lot of material was moved to create places. And we have roads, a road leading up to Pushtela. It's a Halstadt period road. Also cutting in the rock and then sediments, different fractions of sediments put to create the road. So again, then we have cemeteries. And what is interesting on one of the cemeteries, we can see the structures and we go deeper and deeper. We see we have chronology in those cemeteries. So this is also for the people in a way afterwards an inherited space of a distinct group probably which lived in the community on the hill for it. But these were probably groups having their own small graveyards or smaller areas to bury their people. But this is not the only thing which is there. We also made geophysics on the other part of the cemetery and what we excavated here. These are two areas of where we found bone and a lot of pottery. What pottery was it? It was pots, it was bowls, it was baking glids. So for preparing food and consumption food. A lot of annual bones, as you can see, different kinds mostly is domestic and it's only these lower parts which was found. So this is areas of 14 to 12 and one is a little bit smaller but these are quite extensive areas, packed 30 centimeters of packed material. So we don't have only tumuli, besides the tumuli we have those, let's just call them ritual places. And then this is the whole area which we again have to focus on. And we did also the visibility analysis and what is most interesting. Okay, you can see everything from the hill for it but on the other side, the barrel groups. They have their own view shades which is very interesting if we look, for instance from down here, the biggest tumulus is here, you don't see it. It's a small ridge in between. So this intervisibility between the different groups, it's not so normal. So if you look from here up to the upper cemeteries, you see just this one tumulus and you also see here two lines, terraces made below the tumulus. So this area was structured just to give a sense because it's on the skyline, you would see it. It's not somewhere in between which could be hidden. It's on the edge of the skyline. This thing. And then if we would think about how people moved to this landscape, here it's a swampy area. So presumably, because also all the tumulus are structured on this terrace, you would move probably here. Through the bigger cemetery here, then you would move towards this biggest tumulus because also here we have hallways, as you can see them here. We did a small reconstruction, what your skyline, what your surroundings would look like. And of course, when you move through this cemetery, you are fully engaged directly in the vicinity and around you are our tumulus. And the hill for, of course, above you all the time. But it's interesting, when you move from this cemetery to here, you lose the content to this cemetery and you walk into the view of this bigger tumulus, which is really a marker that is now surrounded with houses. So I don't have any sexy photos of it, so I'm sorry for that. And on the other side, when you walk up there, so you come through the hallways up, you don't see anything. For a short period from here to here, you don't see anything. But then you come directly into the view shed of two groups, you step into this one, and above you, you see the hill for it. So it's almost theatrical piece, you come from nothing, and then you step almost onto a tumulus. And here it's also that, this ritual places, also just here when you come up, that's rich. But we mustn't forget about other things. What was also serving people. We were doing a petrography of pottery, and we found four different types of clay. They all come from the region, and there are four different types. We found approximately two of them, sources on the areas, but for two, we don't have a clue where to find them. But all the pottery, we checked a lot of pottery with petrography, but they're made of four clays. So of course they had areas where to source from where to get clays, and we'll have to of course check what the others around were doing. Using the same sources or where they're, this source is their sources. And if we look to the other region, to Dolenskoe, Hillfords, Tumuli in the landscape, we have Novo Mesdo, which is a burial place for almost 1,000 years, Hearnfield culture, Hallstatt period, Latin period. And we have Swinger near Dolenskoe to Plice, which is exciting because you see these hollow ways coming, coming, coming, and at one place here at the last tumulus in front of the metallurgical zone where a lot of kilns, furnaces were found, hundreds of them by geophysics. Here it couples to one and it goes up a structured road to the, to the, to the Hillford. Velikivini were even more, you can see tens of tumulus structured on the ridge leading you to the, to the, to the Hillford. And this area is huge, is five by five kilometers, what you're seeing right now here. So my question of course is, where can we seek the public spaces? What can we say where the public spaces? Because people were engaging with their surroundings. We can look for structures, but must not look only for structures. Because as we saw before, intervisibility is there, but there probably was something else. People claimed their land in a way, probably here with tumuli. People leading, this tumuli leading you to the site, but also to the commerce, to the people coming, it was a sign. This is our place. But who was the one who was ahead of this? I mean, we are also every, every time we are talking about a Hillford, we say, yes, people came and they made in one, one run they made the, the, the fortress and so on and so on. It wasn't like that. It wasn't this socialist thing. Yeah, we all go with the work. We, we, we do our, our road of, of, community. So these questions are so many, these signs are so many and it, it changes. I won't say it's, it's too complex. It's different complexities from the bronze to the iron age, but for now what we see, we see different societies acting differently. And I have more questions that I had before. So I'll just thank you for your attention.