 Good morning and welcome to the Stanford carbon management workshop on engineered and hybrid solutions for carbon. My name is Sarah Salter and I'm the managing director of the Stanford carbon removal initiative and will be your host for this event. We had an excellent workshop again yesterday. We had two PhD graduate students in the background taking notes and Ella Arifie and Richard Randall, and they developed a couple summary points which I'm going to share with you. In the direct air capture session we learned about that the key cost target is about $100 a ton per CO2, which should be achievable with further R&D including that on absorbance with lower regeneration energies. In the BEX session we heard about heard about how it's important to focus on all the different components of effective BEX systems, which include biomass resources, biomass transportation, CO2 capture, CO2 transport and CO2 storage. In the carbon mineralization session we heard about in situ mineralization providing stable long term storage, but some properties of key rock types are unknown. Ex situ mineralization may provide low cost negative emissions, but further resource characterization modeling and validation are needed. Finally, in the bio inspiration session we heard about the great potential for soil carbon sequestration sequestration, especially in croplins and then degraded pastures. However, soil sink saturation, reversibility risk and leakage risk are disadvantages compared to greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Robust monitoring, reporting and verification of soil carbon is needed. Today's theme is mechanisms for overcoming barriers. This slide shows the topics will be covering today as well as the speakers. We will round out the morning with a panel discussion involving all five speakers facilitated by Professor Chris Field, and then finish up with a presentation on the new Stanford Carbon Removal Initiative, and then some closing remarks from Chris Field. To kick things off, I'd like to introduce our first speaker Tom House, who will be speaking on the topic of scale. Tom is head of the energy and environment division at the International Energy Agency, and the title of his talk is CC us in the clean energy transition.