 So in the spirit that we can do it I will try to give you an overview in the next five minutes about the refugee housing situation in Germany and the case study We're working on in tubing currently So to start with some key numbers the graph shows the dramatic increase of asylum application in recent years Since the beginning of the crisis in 2015 almost 900 refugees applied for asylum out of which 40 percent came from Syria and over 70 percent under 30 and even though there are less refugees coming recently since the beginning of 2016 it is assumed that up to 2.5 million refugees might come until 2020 to Germany This will be a great challenge, but also a chance that refugees will rejuvenate our age in society in Germany each state is independently responsible for the refugee housing and this leads to different approaches the Centralized organization Berlin for example results in questionable communal mass housing designed by the authorities as you can see in the upright image But I'm written back in the south for example hands over the responsibility to local Municipalities latest after two years and this leads to much more decentralized and integrated housing strategies And it's in favor for the integration of refugees And of course there's an intense debate going on in Germany how to solve the issue of housing as part of the integration of refugees And I believe the most important common requests are that we need Small-scale and decentralized solutions that are integrated into the urban fabric and infrastructure But what we eventually really need is much more affordable housing for all migrants not only refugees coming to our cities in the future And so according to the reality check presented here in the German pavilion at the binara We find large-scale solutions from above based on the logic of containers or modularity And of course they are built very fast But I feel they sometimes be the risk of monotony and a certain monofunctionality on the other hand We find small-scale solutions from below that are based on a lot of civil civic engagement for example renovating Existing buildings and do you sell solutions building with euro pellets now of course they're super integrated Projects, but I'm not sure if they can actually meet the massive demands. We're facing at the moment Another small but very scalable solution is the online platform called refugees welcome They connect refugees with available rooms and shared flats or homes They could matter already three over 300 people I think this is a great reminder of what we really need to achieve which is integrated urban neighborhoods and Our proposal for the design of an integrated neighborhood the urban shelf is very much based on Healthy walking and inclusive and human scale urban mobility concepts beyond the car And I think beyond the elevator which has should be maybe discussed more Which is exact actually the background of our work in the studio also through workshops in Rio We learned that the urban shelf could be a strategy to integrate a solution from above the shelf With a basic technical infrastructure and a solution from below the self-built walls and units And when we were told from locals that actually quite a few of those buildings in Syria Structurally still intact and could be restored and a Syrian architect Marva as a booni points out that we must not repeat the Mistake of investing in Syria's buildings without first considering the people who are to live in them end of quote So that's when we asked ourselves if refugees could even help to build their homes in Germany So they would learn construction methods that might enable them to help rebuilding Syria So we believe that the integration of both strategies from above and from below might be a solution to fast affordable and good housing And of course our proposal is part of a bigger movement with similar approaches and with the same historic references So our case study in tubing could be explained In four steps first the state provides inner city land with a price reduction for social social housing project The basic infrastructure including circulation and technical installation is implemented by professional construction company and a workshop is installed in the ground floor So step three and four together with the help of the refugees the shelf will be finished and can be populated step by step in small units for two to six People so beyond the knowledge transfer and their identification with the build environment through participation We hope that the visible productivity could be a signal to a right-shifting center in our society at the moment And of course this effort can only be realized with project partners like Cougoulin We have a experience in woodworking with refugees and in combination with smart construction systems based on a wooden brick that can be handcrafted locally in the workshop further we want to apply earth-building technologies like ramp earth and Walls or self-made bricks in reference to the contraction methods in Syria So as a design concept we actually want to articulate the integration of solutions from above and from below Also for the material contrast of the shelf and the organic materials of the infill walls And we hope that that the open circulation stimulates informal communication and interaction between the different inhabitants and Would allow future extension of the shelf and last but not least the urban shelf manifests a Process of an integrated network, which is transformable and open to the needs of any future inhabitant. Thank you very much Max your presentation gives us the excellent opportunity to explore this notion of scale and Scale of decision-making and intervention a bit further I mean you chose at the very beginning a comparison between the German state of Baden-Württemberg and then Berlin which is a tricky one because Berlin is a state, but it's also a municipality So purely talking from a sort of legal managerial perspective Decisions are taking exactly at the same Governments level the level of the municipality, but in one case it's three and a half million people in the other case in Baden-Württemberg towns, whatever 15,000 a hundred thousand people You then moved on and you showed this slide about the shelf where you have a sort of foundation within which More temporal more ad hoc decision-making can take place Can you just dwell on on the first hand? this sort of governance question of decision-making and then this question around the Architectural intervention and the decisions that go with that. I mean on purpose we choose these two extreme Examples to show that if a centralized kind of decision-making process going on I think it also leads to designs that are very questionable as we seem in in Berlin Yes, of course, Berlin is much smaller But I think you know you also could hand over their responsibility to local municipalities within Berlin and that doesn't happen at the moment and I think you know that so again I've that the comparison I think could be it could be still valid and even though of course Bandutberg is a much bigger state and you have to hand over But I think it just it's a good example and what we can learn for also in smaller states City-states in Germany So is your advice is your advice for Berlin to devolve the current decision-making about These infrastructures to the borrow level or even to the neighborhood level although there is no decision-making structure in place then the neighborhood the neighborhood kind of municipality and I think they're right now that just they just told where these you know these mass housing will be installed and they have they can actually and they can Go to trial against it, but that's that's the only they're not part of the decision-making process And I think that could be improved Around the table. Are we convinced that this idea of decentralization of the decision-making when it comes to? Responding very quickly very proactively to crises like the ones we are seeing is a really important component of getting it right Or is there also a case we can make for centralization? particularly in those moments of crises Roxana. Yeah, I would like to go a little Back just with the question and then now connect it because I wanted to say something before So I think that we found ourselves playing professional roles that surpass our capacities as architects, and that's true But it is also true that we as architects have to Do a lot of things, you know work with community public authorities fundraising, advocating, teaching, and We're not Educated to do that, but to put it in action. I think we have to do it so I think that we what we have to do is learn how to do those things and and work in different ways in this middle ground because also we're in the middle ground between top-down and bottom-up and We also solve gaps and loopholes and We're doing a lot of things and then how do we again connect with architecture, but we are dealing with all these things so Ilan I mean the issue at stake Refuge is of course something you're very familiar with very exposed to directly in the region You're a mayor of a city, which is very close to those areas of conflict How do you react? First of all, we we roll the bombs Bound the border and we know what's happening in Syria My city we have the biggest hospital in all the north of Israel And we get a lot of refugee from Syria, you know Israel and Syria are their enemies But in that case we work under the radar I cannot tell all the details, but we help them if refugee run to the border We open the gate and you give them a treatment in my hospital It's a decision that I take together with the government that it's going to happen On the time of the people of my city We because when a Syrian wounded come to the hospital You need to clear all the department because they need to be isolated because the six and all what's happened there and Security problem so my city's in a suffer, but we do it with the open heart And I believe and I very happy to hear what you do in Berlin that in the end of the day I believe that the refugee from Syria they won't come back to their home So in that time when you tell me that you learn them and teach them how to build and how to Take care of themselves and in one day they're going to come back to their home It's a wonderful things and we need to think like that. It's need to be a short time and all the All the the power and the energy is to give them a good health good the teaching Good time and in the end of the day, we are very optimistic that they coming back and It's going to change the middle the Middle East that we live today. Thank you very much