 بھائی کے لیے ہمارے پیدا کے لائے بہت ہی رہے ہیں، ایک ہمارے پیدا ایک مجھے مجھے ساری پر اینجاہاں بھی پڑھے ہیں، ہمارے کیا اکسان پیدا کا مجھے رکھا ہے۔ انہوں نے 37 کی نمی ہے، میں پوضیہ بس کرنے کے مجھے ساری تھوڈ ہی ہے۔ اور میں کوئی جو دیگی ساری رکھنا ہے۔ اسی برینس than طرف Ich ، but those days the programming paradigms were different the machines were different where a mainframe machine first than when i set up the unique slab in the institute we had some interactive machines today's computing environment is completely different of course h appointments were like that environment through some other work that i doitaوی tour and I hope that long gap will not show inadequacies in my teaching today is the first lecture. in this lecture I propose to discuss engineering and engineering education in general Then I will describe research and critical thinking What does it take?? What does it mean? I will relate of course to this course on computer programming and utilization جو اُنین پر برائی کام لیناہ جاتا ہے اور پر ہے ہم دوڑ کی جو ہم جو کشفیت بھی کجا سکتے ہیں ہم دوڑ کے لئے کشفیت بھی دوڑ کے لئے債ہ کیسے آچا جو ہمارے کو کشفت رہے ہیں آپ ہم دن آگے۔ ہمارے lessons کسی میکس دیتے ہیں تو کشفت رہا جاتا ہے میکس بہت بہت ہنان جو اچھوں میں سے کام لی hay میکس, پیانٹان ،کوشانیو اور جو کم پر میکسomی ہے میں انجانیریہ continuer ہی چیزہ ہی شب یہاں ہے میں انجانیرین کی ذات پر سونت سینس کیا ہے تو انجانیرین کیا ہے تو انجانیرین کی سانس کیا ہے محلوری میں ایف میں تعلق ہی ہے محلوری میں خواہت کتناное راہوں ہے اور محلوری میں خواہت کتناசہ ہی نہیں تعلق ہی ہے لہذا سب سے اکسی طرح میں محلوری میں صار پہنچ سائیرین ادیتار میں جو بہت ورے کے گیرہ جاتا ہے خود کے ممتRegانوں میں جو بہت ساتھ کے خود میں youth کے بارے میں جب تک حالہ پرکان سی کلم سٹیر انت Whr'st کے ممتRegانوں کو بہت کبھی بھی بہت پرکان ستا ہے جو جب كمیب پرکان سی کلم ستار ہے ان جانتناہی کمیب کو امام ذیبہ لیں ج کے بارے میں دفعہ کیا آپ کو وقت بھی اگر بہت ایک نام شخص کی زیادہ کرتا ہے ان کے مخصوصی دیتے ہیں امہ and فضیصی دیتے ہیں انجینیرے لیے ایجینیاز یا اینگینوئرسی ایک لکھاں بھی ہے آجینیری ویڈا بتا کرتا ہے آجینیتی بالکال آجینیی مویاں بھی ہے بہت کامل کیا ناویل جاتا ہے بہت کسی بہت کرتی ہے بھائی دولی زندگی ہی ایچینیتی میں نصا سیٹنیńsk ٹھیکر جنہی بہت ہے بہ bye ہی بہت انجانیلس میں پر س consolidation الشرطت ہونگتے ہیں انجنتuur کی صغرم کے مرحسور جل virtually ڈارک میں بہت ارجوز کامکانکNERB ا Panama deal Typically ڈارک میں чего اپتہوڈو like Meantoolsending call engine compartmentarted ان کا کہہ ہے کہ آپ ان کی ایک میں ندار نہیں بمسکنے مجب遭تا ہے کرتے ہیں کہ ہم آئے ہیں کہ مجھے میکنے معانی طرح لگیں یہی ہے ہم یہ جو آپ کا تفاہت ہے کہ مجھے عمیلہ ہوتا ہے آپ کے بات جائے کے لئے بہت کسی وقت کے ساتھ مجھے رہا ہے جو آپ کے ساتھ جو ساتھ مجھے رہنے میں ہوتا ہے اسی طرح آگی ہے کہ ڈار جائے کے نشان کے بعد آپ میں ستناس، جو آپ میں آپon آئے پیدا کے لئے بارے کا ذہب کا بہت کامیس ہوتے ہیں جو آپ کو نے بیٹے کے بارے کے مطعم کو قرآنہے ساتھ انا کیای پالا ہے آپ کو مڈم قرآنہی ساتھ کھوڑنے کے لئے ساتھ حکم شاہی ہے امام آئے جانتی جانتی تو جونڈرلی اس جانتی ہے اور اس کے آئے پالا پالا ہے دو حداہ ن补 کامل پیدا پیدا ہے زیادہ سینالمی مہارٹی پر بارندیکلی ہی نہیں پڑھتا ہے اگر زیادہ نوست کھونتا ہے کھونتا ہے اپنی برہن harts جو ممائس اپنی کال کیسی پر مرہ بہت ہوا ایک کو اس لڈھے گئی، آیکٹیکٹر ایساٹار یا اپنے باری سیادہ حادت میں بھی curated سیادہ変ازے میں بہت مجھنے میں بود یہاں ہیٹ چھولتے ہیں لکھنے پرد کامیخل ہوتے ہیں لکھنے کامیخل ہے جانب قادر ہے دیگریز کی ساتھ حیث گیئے گیئے اگر آپ جانبڈ میکانکل گاجت ہے کیا لکھا canتر بكلی تک مرمی ہے اور بینوں جو ہوتے ہیں اللہ سے فرمہ کے لئے مثلہ ہیں آپ کو شکریگر والے کے لئے مرمی ہوگا کیا لکھا گا جانبڈ میکانکل کوننے کو چکے آپ سمجھے بھیندے بہتر میں پسائے و سمجھے if by mistake your hand touches fire without any conscious thinking your hand is withdrawn how long it takes for your hand to be withdrawn a split second but do you know what all happens during that split second the heat disturbs the nerves on the fingertips the nerves carry a message through an extremely long chain of your nervous system there are synaptic junctions across which messages pass through creation of chemical substances and every time a voltage is created a messages pass that chemical substances then destroyed by another substance which is also created simultaneously when the messages pass it's amazing and it happens at multiple junctions where the message is just your brain the brain automatically initiates signaling to the muscular system because messaging system cannot control the movement is the muscular system which controls the movement which requires commands from the brain and that command again through a similar mechanism reaches back to the hand muscles and the hand is withdrawn all of this happens subconsciously we are not trained for it the natural evolution has trained us the brain for automatically doing these functions so there is a lot of information processing that happens and of course with life forms we associate growth and self preservation which is something which we have not been able to translate into the artificial entities like machines and if you keep multiple computers together in the loop for 10 years you do not get computer bachas out of them you have to build every computer differently there is a very very different ball game altogether mutation mutation means innovation and replicates these are all absolutely great principles of engineering some of which the humanity has been able to crack and translate why I mention these is that very often when you study textbook science or textbook engineering you think that is where the entire knowledge is and stop looking around you but if you look at life forms you will study a lot more science and engineering than restricting yourself to only books so as I said nature has the best engineering it's also a very efficient engineering everybody is familiar with nitrogen all of you would have studied nitrogen so ammonia for example was the formula for ammonia, NH, whatever it has nitrogen, hydrogen whatever do you know how ammonia is produced or do you know how nitrogen compounds are produced or from nitrogen compounds how nitrogen is extracted there is a chemical reaction it requires huge energy input high temperature, high pressure lots and lots of money is spent in creating big industry to build anything which fixes nitrogen and yet all the plants that you see around you every green plant that you see around you fixes nitrogen because it requires nitrogen it extracts nitrogen from the soil from whatever compounds it gets and that reaction happens at the normal temperature and pressure we have not yet been able to crack how that happens look at the example of the firefly you know firefly, jugno we call it in Hindi okay in the night if there are hundreds of jugnos flying you can see some beautiful light emanating from them ordinarily you associate light with heat ordinarily bulbs if a bulb is lit for half an hour you can't touch it with your hands you'll burn firefly doesn't burn it is able to convert energy into optical energy or light without creating heat it's something which we're just about starting to manage to do through what we call solid state light devices the old LED's are light emitting diodes in a form which consume very less energy because they don't waste any energy in heat they can produce light this we're just figuring it out and jugnos have been there for a million years or whatever so that is what is nature human body I already explained is the best form of engineering it is now we look at the engineering education and teaching and learning in the context of engineering so he's a question who teaches birds to build a nest have you seen birds building a nest every winter there are two small birds which come into the baramda of my house I live in the hillside and there are creepers hanging around so these birds will start building a nest and it's amazing to watch them they take about a month they will pick out all kinds of monsensical things that you see two eggs, leaves, kachara whatever whatever and at the end of one month a nice long sort of shanku shaped nest that will come up and that nest is study architecturally sound it is secure because when the eggs are laid inside a snake cannot enter that nest it hangs and it looks beautiful this is engineering so he's a question who taught birds how to build a nest nobody probably they acquired a little bit of knowledge by looking at other birds but very doubtful this knowledge then apparently passed to them genetically so genetic transfer of certain amount of knowledge is inherent in every living species we also acquire that knowledge automatically it is dominant in us it manifests itself as we grow up look at your ability to see and recognize we as humans get that ability within first few days of our birth nobody teaches us how to see nobody teaches us how to recognize mother, father, uncle, friends angry elder brother everything we can recognize by seeing and feeling the ability of sound the basic sound ability is inherent but the human language is different that's a speciality of the human species and that needs to be learned and that by apping others by listening to those sounds by trying to reproduce those sounds but the human knowledge grows so fast that we cannot depend only on genetics to automatically transfer that knowledge because genetic evolution takes millions of years whereas our time span is we want to do great things in our own lifetime which is maybe 75 years and 100 years so we don't have 1 million years to live we don't have patience because the body of knowledge is growing perpetually so we need to tackle this large growing body of knowledge and therefore humanity is the only species which has created special entities within itself to handle this growing body of knowledge that entity that institution is called a teacher who is a custodian of knowledge and who is supposed to spread knowledge knowledge is never transferred it is a nonsensical statement to say that a teacher gives and student takes knowledge you all know basic material science right if any matter is transferred from one source to the target the amount of matter must diminish at the source and must increase at the target so if I have been giving knowledge for 37 years I should have nothing left with me by now it doesn't happen because I don't give knowledge knowledge cannot be given knowledge has to be generated in every thinking mind so a teacher is merely an aid a helper, a mentor to help you think so that you acquire that knowledge knowledge is always acquired it's never given but acquiring of knowledge can be facilitated and we should all look upon a teacher as an institution who facilitates that acquisition of knowledge I think this is very important because in any classroom you will notice that if you are not very active your mind is not concentrating on what is being discussed and then you go back you will find you have learnt less during that period there is no reduction in the intensity of lecturing that was happening the reduction was in your mind because your mind was not thinking at those moments so please keep your mind alert not only in classrooms but everywhere else because is the alert mind a thinking mind which acquires knowledge and knowledge again has not to be obtained only through classrooms that's another hogwash classroom is one mechanism a mechanism which sets a social context for education learning happens everywhere every human interaction should teach you something more you know something from some mom which you did not know earlier it happened once in a while but your mind has to be alert always I have perpetually benefited from human interactions from every human small young old I have learnt something keep that in mind my critical thinking is important all of you familiar with wikipedia how many of you are familiar with wikipedia can you raise your hands don't worry wikipedia is like an encyclopedia printed dictionaries and encyclopedias you get often wikipedia is the first encyclopedia which is completely in electronic format what is more important the knowledge content there is available under an open creative commons copyright to everybody so that knowledge is not copyrighted that knowledge is accessible and freely usable so you just search for wikipedia you get it and it's an absolute fantastic bhandar of knowledge you can acquire as much as you can in fact there is an overdose these slides prepared by my colleague professor dhamderay are representing some sort of just of what wikipedia says about critical thinking it is of course purposeful and reflective judgment about what to believe or what to do in response to observations experience verbal or written expressions and arguments please note that these are the fundamental mechanisms of learning you observe, you learn not by observation alone but that's the first step you experience, you learn you express and you learn and others learn what you think about what you are talking about you argue, you discuss and you are thinking and your understanding is refined you might be believing in some wrong notion it gets corrected through arguments you might be believing in the right notion and somebody else may be believing in wrong notions that somebody else's thinking gets corrected both of you may be believing in the right notion but when you discuss both of you might further refine that understanding and discover something which you have not understood that's why it's so very important to have verbal and written expressions and to have arguments actually I don't like the wikipedia word arguments I like the word discussion you know what is the subtle difference between discussion and arguments arguments tend to prove who is right or wrong discussions tend to prove what is right or wrong and it should be very clear that we are fundamentally interested in what is right or wrong or what is better representation of truth that we know not who is right or wrong that is trivial from a knowledge point of view that is trivial but from a human point of view it is very important how much time we spend in our lives proving to someone to our father, to our mother, to our teacher that I was not responsible for that mistake but he was or she was or something like that's a human trait because our ego does not permit us to take any blame and therefore we defend ourselves and in the process convert even simple discussions to arguments very very important to distinguish the two I believe that the word argument is used because the constructive sense of discussions there why is this ability important this ability is important for various reasons first of all vast amount of information available take web for example the Wikipedia huge amount of information available how will you dissect what is important what is useful what is correct what is not correct so one must analyze the information available from not only one source but from multiple sources validate that information against each source rejecting unreliable or illogical information and then correlate information from various sources to make a cohesive whole all of this is part of critical thinking I mentioned research in my top sheet so let me share with you what research is you have heard of a MSC B-take degree right all of you are participating in one of these programs you know of M-take degree or M-fill you also know of a PhD degree okay in my humble opinion PhD is not just a degree PhD represents a mindset so what is that mindset that mindset is about the ability to look at generically into a problem the wider perspective of that problem that problem is in some context what is that larger context that is the first ability the next ability is to understand that problem and the field of knowledge that is required to solve that problem the third is very critical examination of every alternative solution that people have already tried it has a nice name it is called literature survey but it's not just reading some literature and reproducing it in your thesis it is critically examining that literature and understanding what all people have done to solve that problem then formulating a hypothesis I think that I can solve this problem slightly differently maybe using alternative one alternative two alternative three that PhD mindset also represents enormous rigor in both critical examination as well as analysis of your own suggestions nothing is done by andaj dhape I think this will happen that's not critical enough why it should happen very rigorous examination that mindset also represents extraordinary hardware because you have to examine each and every alternative you examine 10 alternatives 9 by fail only 1 by yield result but you don't know which one so you have to try alternative that mindset represents ability to articulate well because unless you articulate your ideas others cannot understand those and discuss with you either to correct your arguments or to be convinced by your argument so the ability to articulate well both in spoken language and in written language and as you go to a PhD level you have to be able to articulate well in written form because that's the only way you will never come across your peers face to face always somebody is sitting in Canada somebody in Australia somebody in Calcutta so you have to write today you use emails earlier people used to use postal mail and whatever but essentially ability to articulate succinctly and coherently it's part of that mindset and finally the ability not to give up in spite of consistent failures keep doing things till you get success when you acquire that mindset your guide usually says ok write a thesis submit it and get a PhD now you distinguish between the degree the thesis and the mindset don't you think this mindset is critically important actually if you look around you outside in the real world you will find chief executives works managers political leaders social leaders leaders of many fields you will find that they don't have a PhD degree but they have acquired this mindset that is why sometimes you say honor it after it is given it's in honor of not that person's achievements merely but that mindset that that person sadly you also find in this world several formal holders of a PhD degree who have not acquired that mindset now if that mindset is so critical at the level of research don't you think it is critical at all levels of education when you are studying the fifth standard in school for example do you not expect yourself to be able to articulate well in the language that you have been studying for 5 years does it not mean that in the fifth standard you should have acquired that part of the mindset of PhD which permits you to articulate well when you are studying in 10th standard do you not expect yourself to acquire the mindset of critical analytical scientific thinking applying your knowledge of mathematical principles to whatever you are doing when you are doing graduation which are problem you are solving here don't you think large part of that mindset in different form must be available with you therefore it is my humble suggestion that every learner right from standard one is actually a PhD researcher so what is PhD then PhD is nothing but the ultimate culmination of the educational process through that process you are trying to acquire that mindset you acquire little bit here little bit there by the time you acquire a PhD it's a social certification yes you have reached a plateau which we can just see and appreciate but we can't understand we have yet to reach that but nevertheless it must be acquired constantly bit by bit right from first standard I am sure all of you have acquired part of that mindset that's one of the reasons why you are here you may not have consciously noticed it or understood it my humble suggestion again is please be conscious about acquiring that mindset because that is what will make you great problem solvers so this is the last slide on critical thinking critical thinking raises whiter questions and problems permits you to formulate them clearly and precisely it gathers and assesses relevant information it comes to well reasoned conclusions and solutions and it thinks open mindedly about alternatives I say so therefore it is so is not permitted in critical thinking I may be wrong has to be an underlying assumption every time I get into the critical thinking and of course it communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems sorry for that goof up I did not know that I will be using this environment next time I will check my slides proper this is a slide which is a favorite of mine which attempts to portray your journey to an exciting professional career you are at a stage where you have just finished your school education you are getting into professional education you are trying to climb up the peak of that hill that is the ultimate pinnacle the path is winding and it goes through several stages the bottom most path you can see it says exams all of you are familiar with that all of you have been giving exams for many years in the school entrance exam but you suddenly realize when you have passed all the exams you get a degree and you go out in the real world and you think you have studied this syllabus that syllabus that syllabus and the first problem that comes your way you suddenly realize that the marks that you acquired in the class are not directly useful but the knowledge that you acquire is useful so then you trust the path of knowledge for quite some time acquiring more as you go by learning never stops even after you pass out because you will face umpteen situations which are completely different than you when you do that you get some success success is measured in two different ways material success how well do you have for example when I became a young teacher I used to bicycle around with my wife sitting double seat with me and a young son in a basket today I move in cars so I become richer that's success professional success you are a young engineer or a scientist when you join then you become a research lab chief or a works manager you become a chief executive officer that is professional success professional success is also measured in terms of contributions that you make to that profession new inventions that you do whether it is in the shop floor in a factory or in a research lab but these are the two majors material wealth and professional advancement however you suddenly notice that even if you have achieved both of them you find that you may not have left any significant impact on people and society around you and you suddenly realize that to be recognized as the top person in whatever professional career you are you also need to make an impact that requires compassion that requires sensitivity that requires a greater understanding of your environment and sensitivity to try and do something about them so look at all the humanity that you know of which are the people which come to your mind immediately Mahatma Gandhi Gautam Buddha Jesus Christ Mohammad Pegambar Radha Krishnan who are these people were they gold medalists no not all of them they did not succeed in the exam to get the president of India gold medal were they knowledgeable on every aspect of life no they could not solve a fourth order differential equation perhaps it did not matter were they most successful somewhere somewhere no if you have heard of Babu Rajendra Prasad when he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi during the Champa and Satyagra because it extremely well to do lawyer but after staying with Mahatma for three days he gave up his entire practice and committed himself to the national movement when he retired as a president and died he had zero wealth with him then Gautam Buddha he was a prince he gave up everything so from a materialistic point of view you would call such people stupid fellows they gave up everything but at the impact that they have made at the end of the day and you don't have to wait till you become 70 years old to make an impact you can start making impact even now in fact many of you would have been making such impact on people around you just by helping a friend helping somebody listening to someone in distress trying to give a voice they all issues of making impact but here I am talking about professional impact which means you do something substantial something new something different but the problem that you take up such that you produce to the world you give back to the world something which without you the world would have been short of that mall so what comes in the way why are you not able to reach all the way to the top early enough in life I think the problem is attitude and our attitude is said by whatever we have been doing mostly as far as students since you face examination because you are a major of success in your life your attitude is said by exams do you agree how much time do you spend preparing for exam worrying for exam looking at the results gloating over good results feeling bad about bad results you take your entire life a substantial portion of your thinking activity has been spent around examinations am I right examination is therefore a rat race it's a competition there are a few winner rats the winner rats acquire over confidence and you are not careful that over confidence converts into arrogance I am great since I am great and I have proven myself to be great by scoring some marks in some stupid exam I think I don't need to learn anything from anybody else there is arrogance on the other hand there are some loser rats what happens to the loser rats the loser rats have gone below the screen you can see them they develop diffidence if I got only 40% marks and you got 90% marks not only you think you are great even I think you are great that is okay but I think I am bad I think I am no good that creates diffidence and it might lead to despondence I might give up in life both are completely nonsensical you must move with the right amount of confidence and you must understand that the marks alone do not define either your capability or your achievement don't forget that in any rat race while there are a few winner rats and a large number of loser rats but a rat race produces only rats not human beings and you are human beings each one of few is an individual human being what should be the kind of attitude that you should have the attitude should be full of curiosity full of boldness to ask questions and full of perseverance I call it the attitude of the child the child has many bad attitudes but there are some good attitudes and I believe these are attitudes and these permit the child to acquire such fantastic knowledge which is very difficult to achieve later how many of you have tried to study a foreign language German, Arabic, French some of you you would have seen many people who do a two year, three year course preliminary course, intermediate course advanced course and after that they are able to speak a little bit in that language and can read and understand but cannot understand if somebody speaking very rapidly that's the level of achievement after doing large number of courses getting very good marks studying books, giving exams everything and yet as human child some of you has learnt a foreign language between the age of three years and six years which is later on called your mother tongue no class, no exam, no marks nobody will tell you your 40% or he is 90% every one of you has learnt to articulate yourself into your mother tongue reasonably well by the time you are 6 years old I am not suggesting that intellectually all human beings are equal what I am suggesting is why there would be delta or two delta or five delta difference the basic intellectual capability to solve very difficult problem of learning a foreign language God has endowed us all with that capability and that's the reason why I say if I am 40 marks or 90 marks I don't care one who because I also studied my mother tongue the same way as you did if you are 40 marks and I am 90 marks I don't feel related in top of the world that you also learnt your mother tongue when you were young I would humbly suggest again please try and imbibe this attitude of equanimously handling life the course organization is described on the second page on the back of the page there is more to follow on the websites the websites will be updated by saturday midnight what happened is I did not get my compliment of tears as I told you there will be two lectures and in these lectures the interactions will be very difficult the interaction will happen through questions that you will have to ask but asking questions cannot perhaps happen in the normal interactive way that will happen in a class of 40 or 50 so you will be required to write down questions and you will be required to write down questions why you are attending the lecture so arrange a format a slip with roll number whatever whatever you will have enough of them and you will have to submit them and either in an extra lecture or in a regular lecture I will spend 15 minutes identifying the question and the questioner which I believe could be of common interest all questions would be answered invariably by your teaching assistants it should be very obvious to you that 850 students in the true sense of Guru Shishcha Parampara cannot be handled by one teacher I should have 850 replicas of myself but engineering has not yet perfected the art of replicating human beings so you will have to contend with only one teacher so you will have to depend upon my teaching assistants and the teaching assistants will be interacting with you during the lab sessions you will have a 2 hour lab every week the lab groups have to be formed I have indicated a complicated logic I wanted to disperse all of you sort of randomly a 2 hour lab every week sort of randomly across I didn't want metallurgical engineering students bunching together physics students bunching together and so on so what I have done is I have decided that there will be 10 batches since we have 10 slots and the last digit of your role number decides what batch you are in easy to remember so either group 0, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4 this unfortunately created a problem because group 1 and group 2 have larger number of students so obviously if you take a statistical that will happen so those role numbers which start with 4-1 and 4-2 have been shifted to the corresponding group on the same day that sort of equitably distributes everybody you will figure that out in the next lecture on Monday before the lab begins I will elaborate it more but we now go to quizzes so while we discuss a quiz paper will be distributed can you come and collect it please this has 10 questions and this is an unmarked quiz so don't worry about losing marks I know that although I have told you it's a rat race you all enjoy participating in the rat race because that is how you have come here the unfortunate part of any course is that associated with the course there will be an evaluation I am still deciding how the grading would be done what percentage of weightage of marks to be associated with what activity I will explain that on Monday when I finalize it but most probably my early thoughts will appear on the websites that I will indicate there while these papers are being distributed you don't start writing these down now I want you to take this as a take home quiz so just carry these quiz papers back if we can finish in 5 minutes this quiz will not take more than 5 minutes because basic background information but I would like you to fill these up individually and submit these back on preferably by tomorrow so keep a drop box there mark CS 101 you just drop one or more of your friends these things what I require however that you can collectively drop all the papers but every individual must write آنسیس to these questions oneself and honestly so let me also describe to you some characteristics of IIT Bombay in general and particularly of mine in the matters of evaluation since people will come with varied background as I have already stated you need not be worried you do not require to do well in this course you do not require anything other than your high school maths background so you cover everything the pace in IIT is generally much faster than the school education that is something you will have to get accustomed to however those who already know programming this is the first quiz let me go to the first quiz and then carry on so what is the level of familiarity you have with computer this question is asked in that paper so I will get formal feedback from each one of you but just can you raise your hands have you ever seen a computer in your life absolutely nobody I thought there will be at least ten people everybody has seen a computer in life okay good now let's go to the next step because seeing is not sufficient seen and used let's say for surfing the web anybody who has not done that anybody who has not surfed the web on a computer one two okay those people who belong to either category A or category B okay let's just look at category C e-mails anybody who has not used computers for sending and receiving e-mails can you raise your hand they are not used there are quite a few who have learnt some computer programming this time you have learnt some computer programming raise your hands a large number of people so there are some questions for your category those who claim to have learnt programming how many programs have you written what is the longest program etc now this is important the others might feel that these people already know computer programming so they have a great advantage over us I would be worried about such a thing they certainly will have an advantage anybody who comes with a better background in any particular field of knowledge which is the part of studies will always have an advantage over others but it will not be a disadvantage to others that is what I wanted to tell you it is just that they are starting at certain level you can catch up with them and you can surpass them however those who know programming must also understand that they cannot keep sitting tight in the class do nothing learn nothing new and still claim to have acquired greater knowledge the challenges in programming are infinite I have been programming for 40 years of my life and I still have lot to learn always more to learn please remember in general the evaluation methodology followed in this course will be that if you do your normal lab instructions assignments and exams well you will have no problem in clearing this course if you do it to the best of your ability you should get a good grade but to get an A grade is going to be damn tough it doesn't matter whether you know programming already or you don't so there is a non-linear scale of the level of difficulty that you will find in the exam papers there will lies number of assignments and exam questions which will be relatively simple if you understood basic concepts and worked hard you will be able to crack them there will be a few questions of medial level of complexity where you have to struggle real and there will always be a couple of questions which will be very very difficult and I particularly enjoy putting at least one question which nobody can solve because if somebody can solve it will solve a very great problem and that's a matter of pride for the entire class have you failed in any subject in your education so far once can you raise your hands a few times a few hands never raise your hands and D I do not see why this is important very few but I like these hands how do it matter whether I have never failed or I have failed 15 times I am coming here as a human being aspiring to learn something new why are you judging me by my past I am preparing for the future so judge me on what I do in the present I think all of you should opt for D no matter what is ABC do you agree for those who have done programming here is a program count substring dollar 1 comma length dollar 1 comma 1 plus plus and for high in count print I count I this program is written in C C plus plus Java or none of these A sorry it got G the G is not the option A is the option 1 2 3 C plus plus who says B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C Java who says Java more number of people I can see that people are confused because this does not sound familiar to anyone of them who have probably studied some of these land none of these how many said none of these they are only four choices so people opting for atleast one of them if you sigma them together they should amount to 850 the sum total I calculated mentally was about 50 or so so I must add one more thing I have no opinion that's not good you are saying some other language okay which one that's the problem the reason you did not raise your hand is I will ask you which one then and you won't know the language is called AUK AWK so what does this program do if it produces this output 075194291385483 any guesses sorry okay can I go back to the program a very strong analytical mind here you see I am not showing you a vital evidence what is the input data this program is operating to produce that output this program actually takes all the role numbers of students of this class looks at the last digit and increments an element in an array to add the count so what you see here are count of people with role number ending in 075 people with role number ending in 194 ending in 291 ending in 385 you will now understand why I had to shift some people from group one and group two because I simply don't have those many computers in my lab so group one some people will be shifted to group zero and group two some people will be shifted to group nine and rest of them will keep them as it is okay thank you very much