 us to have a discussion through the chat function and also if you want raising your hand, I'll chat for 15-20 minutes or so. So I'm Dan Plesch, I'm the Director of the Center for International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS University of London, located in the heart of London by the British Museum in the Bloomsbury District. I guess the first thing to say about our center is that we are the largest provider of diplomatic international higher education in the world. I have more students than say Georgetown and I think that reflects growing interest in what we provide. I'm going to talk a little bit about that. We have probably about 300 or so students who are all over the world studying online only degrees, suddenly getting more interesting and fashionable now and 100 plus who are so excuse me, I got slightly distracted here and 100 students coming over our different degrees. Welcome as people come in, welcome. So I just want to mention the different programs that we have and then from that talk about how people move from the teaching that we provide, the learning people go through and the many and varied careers that people have. That broadly is what I'll talk about because I know that that is very much the forefront of why people are making the difficult choices to what program they might want to take and particularly in these bizarre and very unusual times and you'll see my email on this slide and we'll email it to you. You're very welcome also to contact me directly after this session if you'd like to. So we have a pretty wide range of offerings within the center. We offer four free mass open online courses MOOCs and whether or not you want to come to us for a degree program, if you're interested in these topics I would encourage you to experiment with them and enjoy working with them. I had normally, I guess it's an indication of the changing times, excuse me one second I have to break off for one second because my puppy needs letting out the door, sorry I'll be right back, forgive the diversion. So our free online courses are a useful taster, they're a good way of getting into training and preparation for programs and not in normal times I would perhaps have about 150 people a week starting my UN in the world MOOC and I noticed that was almost 800 people started it this this week so you're being good company and then when it comes to our taught master's degrees we don't have undergraduate programs, grad school, we have a suite of campus programs and a broader suite of online degrees and I'll just say a word or two about the online degrees first. Quite a lot of them are taught in conjunction and sponsored by the British Foreign Ministry. These regional programs on South Asia for example in East Asia and Middle East and North Africa are taught in conjunction with the sponsorship from the British Foreign Ministry but we also provide online degrees in security and strategy and public policy. Now all of our students have a great, I would have to say have a great experience about 90% of the students who sign up them get their degrees after two years these are two-year part-time degrees that people can do when they're if they're just too busy with life or resources or other reasons and don't want to come to London can study in that way. And then we also have a core and original suite of online master's degrees international studies and diplomacy which is a flagship program and global corporations and policy and energy climate policy so you can see from the type of programs that we run that we are all about understanding the world and preparing people to engage with it. And I think if you look at the center's home page and scroll down that you'll see there's a lot of experience that students will talk about in using our degrees professionally and the fact that these degrees are orientated towards enhancing people's professional development directly other degrees other universities aren't so directly related to the policy world and to give an indication as to how can our theory and practice of learning develops with this I might just take the examples of our corporations degree where you can come and do in one degree in one year both the international economics and the international law of global corporations where normally you would need to go and get two separate master's degrees one in law and one in economics but we think it's important to integrate in interdisciplinary studies our broader school how different schools of thought engage with the topic and that frankly is what the world and employers need are people who are trained in the old jargon joined up thinking and similarly when in the energy and climate policy there's a tendency to either have climate degrees coming out of environmental science and human geography or degrees focused on the extractive industries oil and gas and so on and the integration of those two I think is illustrated by the question or the point that if you look at two very different countries Germany and China which have had very strong development of renewable energy they have a motive a public motive of helping combat climate change but they also have a motive which is not talked about so much on the on the German side to reduce their dependency on for example Russian gas and the Chinese side to reduce dependency on importation of oil which the American Navy they fear might be able to interfere with so the interaction of climate and geopolitics is something we study in these degrees but they're also available as options in international studies and diplomacy and here too we're combining rigorous theoretical analysis with a practical application on the practice side we include our training in negotiation in media skills in policy analysis and alongside the other campus programs and options for on the online world as well we build in study tours we've had to interrupt them as a small impact of the current disasters but normally we would be offering study tours to continental Europe, Ethiopia and North America as options depending on which degree you you take and these enable for example in Addis Ababa we have meeting scheduled with the Foreign Minister of Ethiopia in Geneva we have our some of our seminars interacting with the the top management of some of the major UN institutions in Geneva and this provides real-world interaction for the students and to take one example I suppose as to how we've gone from classroom into real-world practice and the Centre's motto is thinking globally and acting globally in our class on the UN a couple of years ago we discussed the question how did gender equality get into the UN Charter after all this was 1945 70 years ago there were hardly any women in the room in San Francisco when the Charter was made how did that happen and the conventional uncritical wisdom was that it was perhaps Eleanor Roosevelt or other influential North American or British women but we found in looking at it that actually this wasn't the case and the only reason there's gender equality in the Charter is because of women from Brazil and the Dominican Republic and similarly with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights working with colleagues in Stockholm it's become clear that there were very influential women delegates from India and Pakistan in the negotiation of the Universal Declaration and this changes a lot of the framing and understanding of the development of gender equality in United Nations and in fact two of our students led this work became research associates of the university so as shortly after graduation which is almost unheard of I would say is unheard of and then after a wide degree of public education interaction with governments just earlier this year the UN itself changed its system wide education on UN women so that all members of the US UN staff are now taught that it was Southern women women from the Caribbean and Brazil who succeeded in getting gender equality to the Charter and that change in dialogue and discourse is part of what often we so as we talk about as decolonizing the curriculum but that's a way in which we as the center management facilitated students who had the vision enterprise to go from classroom discussion to really impacting an issue at a global level so moving on from that to think about where are alumni now well here are just half a dozen or so examples I just had got a very nice email from a recent graduate who just got a job working in the cabinet office of the British government I have people who become friends now who are working at Chatham House the two individuals I just referred to on UN women one of them is now the press officer for the Red Cross in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and another working for UN women in Nigeria to give another example there was a student from the DRC on the course who came with us to Geneva and although we couldn't initially make the contact for them with their embassy their mission in Geneva with our support they went essentially just rang the doorbell and introduced themselves and 18 months later they're working as special advisor to the ambassador to the African Union of that country in Addis Ababa you'll see some of the other examples I put up here I remember a gentleman off the corporations course who's gone on to enhance his career at Heineken a couple of years ago I'm a student David Franco very who went off to Lloyds of London and now he's in charge of risk analysis at Lloyds and again a student has become a friend and a colleague who came to us actually with a a third class degree in engineering Mr. Abighiti and is now a coordinator of strategic programs for the UN fruit program in Rome so these are some of the trajectories that people go on obviously he will don't leak from our degree program directly into middle-level and senior positions but that's the kind trajectory that people go on and I think the feedback we get from so many students is that the combination of theoretical and practical education gives them a real head start and the fact also that on the theoretical side that as I mentioned with respect to corporations and engineering climate we're providing much needed but sadly rather rare interdisciplinary study of key topics has helped people a lot in their careers if you look on our website I can't actually the technology doesn't actually let me search you right now but we can send these slides around if you look on our center website you'll see a few examples of our research showing what we do and what you can do so our yearbook of global studies publishes the best first-class dissertations of each cohort each year and you'll see there the sort of dissertations that our best students write and that you might want to aspire to and you know be in the yearbook for 21-22 why not and if you look on so as research online you'll see for any of our academic staff you'll see references to our research publications and then finally a couple of our policy programs I've highlighted you can see a number of them on our research pages but that on disarmament scrap weapons and then on war crimes give an indication of how we integrate the involvement of students who wish to volunteer into some of our public policy sessions so that's our overall approach and I'm very happy to take your your thoughts and questions as we go along and you're very welcome also to email me directly with any questions if you don't want to raise anything now so I'll I'll stop now and I'm very welcome to take your thoughts and I see we've got people already off from all over from London, India, Lebanon, Malaysia, Luxembourg a very wide variety and that's typical I suppose we have some people from some 60 countries in an average year taking our programs I see we've still got people joining in the session if you have joined in just now you're very welcome I say I can happily email and perhaps talk individually if for people are coming in now or later but very happy to take any thoughts or questions now I don't want to put anyone on the spot by asking them a question I know it's always a little difficult to be the the first one up but you're very welcome to query I don't know if our moderator wants to jump in hi so we've got a few questions coming in on the chat function can you see those just okay so just looking at the number of the questions that are coming now from Megan do I think the question of dual multiple citizenships well I think it was a German councillor the embassy in London said when you can't one can never have too many passports of course some countries are pretty clear that you can only have one nationality but obviously you have more options if you have more nationalities or more passports anyway I say except where there's a an issue with a country not wanting people to have more nationality let me know if that's in response to my answers and I'll run through them do come back with supplementals one question from Liddy French about integrating policy into the international development course in our department we don't actually teach international development as a degree or as a module that's the development studies although in my UN module we do necessarily and happily teach a lecture to on national development but I would say that in general policy is integral to all we do a lot of my own work for example on the history of the UN is about history for policy and we find that actually years ago people were perhaps more enlightened and involved in policies for example uh back in the after the second world war the um the sorry the support for people coming out of Nazi camps those those rehabilitation facilities were organised democratically so the people in them as part of the rehabilitation were involved in electing their own management and running them themselves and that democratic model actually is quite a lot to teach us how we look at refugee camps today but we also provide training um in the a diplomatic practice module in policy analysis and we have specific modules in global public policy and online uh we we now have a a full degree in global public policy which looks at a whole range of issues but as you may have noticed from the media at the moment although the the current crisis is developing people are already saying how will this change policy in the future and saying well on the one hand it can enhance the necessity of cooperation and multilateralism and on the other hand one can see uh in Israel and in Hungary leaders looking to seize a more or less dictatorial power possibly with the excuse of this rather than the reason of this current crisis now I'm very happy to see a question from from Venice about brexit um there's one good news uh for uh students unless I got this wrong and I may know um the normally I would tell let us say normally in the last few years uh the student visa for um non-british nationals uh in that used to be non EU nationals meant that if you submitted your dissertation in September you needed to leave the country um by January and now as far as I understand it correctly um associated with the master's degrees the visa permits an open-ended uh two-year work extension which actually makes the UK rather more attractive um the university I think has yet to decide what it will about fees whether it will regard all of European Union nationals as overseas students I think that was the plan but right now there's such uh so many things that are up in the air that it's um hard to say actually what will be the policy but certainly the fees for 2020 are already set and you can find them on the school website I hope that helps and coming to your mind um ah I see going back from uh uh me again yes um we do actively connect um our alumni with our current students one key activity is that every year we have an alumni reception where we bring back the invite in the London based graduates to meet with current students and when we are in locations such as New York or Geneva on study tours we provide networking opportunities with local organizations and include always include our alumni in that we don't have a formal um process of connecting um students with alumni there's no direct relationship and that's largely a question of resources on our end with a student body of at any given time on campus and online of about 400 the administration of a mentoring scheme at that scale is a little bit beyond us but we actively support it and you can also join um present and past Facebook uh groups uh where the students of uh previous years continue to interact um and that also goes a further question about in addition to the um study tours what networking opportunities there are um we also I think do quite a lot of networking in the margins of some of our uh major public events and lectures um in that uh we'll often provide receptions uh and identify alumni and others and get our students to interact with the the guests and we'll often be inviting a large part of the diplomatic and professional communities in London and give our students an opportunity to interact with them we for example had the recently retired head of human rights at the UN come and speak last term and he was uh I wouldn't say mob but there were a large number of our students wanting to talk with him I think he had a further hour after his lecture just discussing with individuals um you know careers and so forth so the questions keep on coming this is great um and make sure that this will be off the top of my screen so um the dissertation we uh start teaching the dissertation the day you arrive at SOAS and if we have to be online for a bit uh this is fine because we teach the dissertation with classroom support and also online for the entire year and uh we uh have you write a an assessed plan for the dissertation in December it doesn't mean that you can't change um your topic later in the year but it's a way of getting into the habit of planning a dissertation and we provide ongoing um online and personal support uh through the academic support function individually outside of seminars for academic for academic studies and for the dissertation over the course of the year the range of topics people study is huge I would just encourage people to get a little bit out of the comfort zone if you uh come from you know a particular country try to write write about another country and there's a perhaps a decolonizing point here to be blunt if you're an American or a Brit you don't think twice about writing a dissertation about Sudan or India but if you actually come from Sudan and India the tendency is to want to write about your own country and not necessarily think about the wider world and when we say think globally act globally we do really encourage you to spread your wings and think about things as um as broadly as you as you can um the amount of time spent on the dissertation over the you know from September through to April is really quite small it's inserted intensively if this is in the campus programs it started intensively after the examinations in the spring for the online programs we have sessions on the dissertation uh interspersed over the two years and then there's a write-up session at the end of the two-year period with respect to to COVID there's no different attitude towards international students than there is towards domestic UK students and I'd be astonished if there was will the classes courses start in September 2020 will be very much hope so um obviously we don't know the exact um the exact situation but we're already setting in place plans if we have to we can start teaching online and bring it on campus at a later stage and we are I would say rarely or uniquely place to do that because we already successfully teach for example British diplomats are studying our online master's programs as we speak and they're not interrupted by the disruptions to campus teaching at all so we have a facility to move online is a different experience obviously there's less human interaction but it's a in many ways it's an equally rich one that in a sense you're always engaged with a study group of people there's a you get to talk to your your tutors online and I think compared to many other universities actually we are happily in quite a good position to to do that these are great questions keep them coming hi Dan I think we may have missed a question from Ella it may have just gone off the top it says um in addition to study trips are there for the networking opportunities to participate in during the top programs oh I thought I had well yes there are um to a degree it's dependent upon students putting themselves forward there are so-asked careers fairs and we often have opportunities for students to have a reception interaction with visiting speakers and special guests so for example I think we had the ambassador of Ethiopia recently or it's official from the UN and that's an opportunity for particular students and there's for example like I mentioned a colleague now at the wealth food program um uh he comes from BME background and he's been involved in a specific mentoring of students from that background when he's been back in London so we look very much to try to facilitate that as much as we can and we're always open to further suggestions um moving on then um uh Lakshmi's question about placements cells um we have a very strong career service uh individual faculty and networking do help with careers we don't have a formal process of placement um or internship simply because of the size of our overall program with 400 students it's just a little difficult to do that in certainly the London market there are so many other universities that it's not possible for us to guarantee placements but many opportunities to come across our um our desks and we share them you know to amnesty at risk analysis places and so on and so forth um with respect to the UN um as a question the the main way into the young professionals program is the young professionals program and the joint professional officers however um there are also consultancy opportunities and one of the things that does occur when students are with us at the UN in New York or mostly in Geneva is that it's a way of building up contacts and uh seeing once you see somebody from the HR department we had a great session I think at the WHO actually in February it does before everything's shut down uh where there were strong interactions between those HR department officials and our students and those networking opportunities in a sense turns the the CV into a living person which is obviously um what's required and yes every student is provided with a dissertation grade um and we also grade the plan and the overall mark is a is a mix and if you look at our uh yearbook of global studies those are the the top echelon of first class uh dissertations those that got grades in the previous system of 75 and above we publish um as uh as a yearbook and so you can see there the quality um now next question from Ella um the short answer is I don't know um if we what will happen exactly in September uh I don't think anybody knows but I would say that we uh if we have to move a large part of it online then we're well positioned to do so because that's kind of what we do already we're geared up to do that and I think many other universities and departments are scrambling to work out how to teach online if they have to and we already know how to do it um and indeed you already we already have a facility that campus students can take a 30 credits uh through uh online teaching simply because we don't some of our modules are taught um I have topics which we don't teach online or for part-time students I know we had a student who was flying in from Dublin for studies of part-time and then that actually caused us to first of all caused our registry department to allow that student to take the analogous course online um so the difference between global corporations and international studies and diplomacy there are quite a lot of similarities the key thing is that in the global corporations degree there is a requirement that you take the multinational enterprises core course and indeed global public policy as as core modules for the degree in the international studies and diplomacy masters it's a much more of a kind of a hargan das multi-flavored approach and less got less concentration on compulsory core modules in terms of employment I think they're both very attractive programs I think if I had to pick one um there are very few universities that produce uh people who have studied energy and climate change and I think I well for example one of our first students of that program is now managing running the whole online portal for the UN uh FCCC process uh leading up to the annual conferences another is working as head of public affairs for a global construction corporation so these uh that integrated teaching uh in the climate policy particularly comes to mind but that isn't to denigrate the other degrees with respect to the question from Marla about the year CSD yearbook if you look if you just um uh look up on the internet uh CISD yearbook of global studies that should just pop up you can do that now let me know if you can find it and I see we've got uh somebody else joining the session very well if you're very welcome just to uh drop in your questions you'll see I have a video presentation on our website also you'll see quite a lot of comments from uh FCCC and students on YouTube and uh a number of our public lectures you'll find there too and I mentioned earlier the UN women activity and they those two students Elise and Fatima one from Norway one from Algeria those women did a TEDx talk which you can also find online on our UN women research page uh Marla you found it great so yes if you're after the seeing what your predecessors uh got up to in their dissertations if you just google uh CSD yearbook of global studies you'll find it well that was great if slightly intense from my end well that's so many questions coming in uh how should we welcome to the session um if you have any particular questions uh you're welcome to uh type something in um uh or indeed we can uh if you're ready if you click the if you click the waving hand um icon at the bottom then you can uh um we can talk um sorry I can talk to you in person as well now or later on I see there's a question from Montyn about learning a foreign language um yes um there are opportunities to uh study elementary or more advanced Arabic and other topics and I think this coming year there's a small fee additional theater associated with that um and that's taught through the SOAS language center you also can take academic credit uh a language through uh that respect the languages department but those are fairly intense and I don't necessarily recommend them because to be frank one can study uh languages in many places but most of the modules that we teach you can only um uh you can only study with us um many of them are quite rare lecture is question about the study we have a variety of tutors and the terms have been changed a little I can't get into all the the detail but uh we have a uh a tour to New York and Washington DC um but when things are operating smoothly at the present time we offer study tours to uh Addis Ababa to North America to Geneva and then also those that uh encompass institutions in uh Paris uh and Brussels and we're looking at simply because we noted we just touched with the Austrian embassy and there's now a a night train a night sleeper train sounds quite romantic the Vienna the Vienna uh express uh that takes you uh into Vienna overnight uh from Brussels and we are thinking potentially about adding uh Vienna but at the moment we're just dealing with the uh extremely annoying situation that we've had to cancel uh most of our study tours for this year we managed to get the large one of a hundred students going to Geneva and get that done in in February um well there's a question about COVID-19 at the moment the plan is to start studies um as normal at the end of September at the moment I also noticed that there are um quite a lot of events around the end of September that of all sorts that are being canceled and I think um that one of the reasons for that is uh that that a lot of those sorts of one-off events require a lot of uh prior expenditure on the preparations for events in September and that is unlikely to be possible but for us as a university it's uh no activity to start in September so I would think there's a very good chance that we will start in September or accommodate a a short delay I hope that helps Shruti now um when I recommend that students build up experiences by working for NGOs before entering the UN not necessarily I think if you've got the experience uh then go for it you know if you uh you may be that you don't get in immediately um but I think I do find that the uh training and practical skills in uh media negotiation and so forth help and to be frank um with our degrees you get a double brand recognition so ours is a very strong brand in international institutions in the UN and um so too does CISD Center for Diplomacy have a strong brand so they many employers know what they're getting if they get somebody from us and they know they're getting good people ever um uh for a short question um in theory um one can take the diplomacy degree if it's just really some bureaucratic oddities which I think will change without taking the diplomacy modules with that name but to be frank if you're a diplomat um and have skills in uh economics or international law these are uh or languages or international relations these are the key skills and if you look at the introductory training for diplomats at in countries around the world really very small part of the formal governmental education of diplomats actually includes courses with that title so it wouldn't it wouldn't hurt you particularly but we certainly very strongly recommend that students take the international studies and the international practice the diplomatic practice modules um because certainly in diplomatic practice that's where a large part of the practice training takes place as you might imagine excuse me I think this little cough I've got is talking related not COVID related well I guess I just want as we're heading towards the end of the session I would just say my own I've had a academic um connection I think I was a research fellow in peace studies at Bradford um so I'm 30 years ago uh and I've worked professionally running think tanks in uh United States uh working in the news media uh working uh associated with government in Whitehall and always keeping university engagement it's last 15 years I've really been uh committed to as it were trade helping train the next generation and I think if you look at our faculty many of them have a real world uh ongoing consultancies um uh a background uh in a variety of professions and I think this uh professional academic synergy is something which we find uh works and is very rich and is part of our all of our personal missions to help uh with the development of training of the next generation and I have to say having done this job for over 10 years now every year I'm always excited about the quality of the students um that come through we have um I suppose as I said baby students from 60 odd countries on campus and more online and the quality uh and variety that we have is um is tremendous uh and some you know choose I get to know quite well they volunteer for my research programs on disarmament and so forth others get involved with issues like support diplomacy and or corporations um and provides a very vibrant uh environment for the students uh and the faculty alike um there's a question again about um the offer of assistance for placements yes we do um uh offer uh assistance with internships and further career opportunities but really because of the the competitive market in London amongst universities and the size of our program we're not able to guarantee these connections but under the terms of the visa you're permitted to I think work 20 hours a week and I know uh sort of one of our part-time students has been working I know for amnesty for the Red Cross these sorts of agencies as well as getting involved in other businesses like um risk control risks and risk assessment um another very good question from Ella um um is this core is the program more directed to a desire to create diplomacy over careers such as policy and advocacy no um I think the we see these it's an integrated uh suite of modules and I think comparative we have a significant cohort that either on secondment from their governments um uh particularly I think to think of um we very often have one or two students from Indonesia Japan and Korea uh from the foreign ministries coming to get the master's program but broadly speaking I think it's a professional training intellectual training for people who want to work internationally and um if you look at you mentioned diplomacy policy advocacy there are great many walks of life where you actually need all of those skills thanks Ella I thank you very much for the um the quality of the the questions that you've all been posing they are um very useful for us to enable us to think about what we do and they've all been right on the money thank you much um how many students are studying at the center around about 400 which I think makes us the largest provider of diplomatic related education in the world about 300 of those are studying online only in some of the programs we do with the British Foreign Ministry uh and you'll see those listed um and then 100 120 are on campus each year obviously the numbers go up and down um it that we're probably going to have rather more um online students perhaps in campus students this year but you never know and we also have a cohort of about 20 doctoral students some of whom are involved in teaching well you uh the question about two-year master's courses um visa restrictions mean that unless it's changes my understanding is that for non-uk nationals you need to take the masters in one year although this may change you never know uh the uh online degrees are all taught over two years and 90 percent of the students complete their degrees online in two years I say 90 percent as a point in our favor because uh frankly um a lot of across the whole sector globally uh we think that we hear that only about uh or about half of the students tend to drop out or not complete their online degrees um um I think if you are on have the option and you're in London and want to study for uh two years or even three years it enables you to do more work but it also enables you to take I wouldn't say more leisurely but experience enables you to get more out of the university in terms of side events and activities if you're around campus for two years that I think would be the main issue with respect to a PhD some students go on to study uh master's in diplomacy um sorry a PhD in global studies I think the the politics department other larger departments have larger phd programs so we tend we're very open to the idea but we tend to have a fairly small phd cohort within the center as such um with respect to the government of politics of southeast Asia uh is not a module that I teach myself I could probably put you in touch with the people with email me who do deal with this um the what we endeavor to do with these if it's um uh if this is taught through the politics department you may need to talk to or contact the convener in the politics department of that module when it comes to the online regional um specialisms we emphasize the integration of culture and economics and politics as different lenses to study these regions rather than simply political science yes you can defer I've never known a deferral request rejected that is you can accept for 2020 and then defer to 2021 and it doesn't need to be your final question now that you can have another well I see we've still got 20 odd people on the uh the chat so um I would just encourage you to uh poke around our website um see more information about our modules about the academics who teach them um testimonials from uh current informer students and also some of our activities through our research programs and things you can find on on YouTube and we'll send around the few slides I used at the beginning thank you very much Dan um I think we're probably just about ready to wrap up oh one more question uh okay deferral policies you simply have to ask admission for deferral um uh we um we don't really have waivers they're pretty strict um uh requirements on uh for language as you might imagine um if people come who really can't cope with studying in English then the only people are happy are the the Treasury Department University who take the money and the students aren't happy the faculty are happy and the fellow students aren't happy so we do need to make sure that people are going to be comfortable uh studying well I would say we do take account your work experience if you uh for example have a degree that's 10 years ago that wasn't particularly wonderful uh but have been doing lots of interesting things since and uh accustomed to working professionally then we would often take that into consideration in in terms of admissions um one final point about COVID I would say I mean I'm just rejigging my uh online UN module which goes live in April um uh because that's when our on our online degrees start in April as well as in October you're welcome to come and join them we still have a few vacancies I think um but certainly looking at the implications of COVID-19 the history and future of the WHO you know uh these sorts of organizations are certainly rather more interesting uh to students and as I said at the beginning this um I don't want to make a cartoon of it but on the one hand you say well the response to crisis is more authoritarianism and the other hand the response to crisis is well this shows that an individualist approach to the international system by individuals or by nations this really doesn't work and we have an international collaboration is a necessity not just an option so I think that's how we're starting to think about the COVID-19 as we uh look to incorporate these events into our um as it were real world life studies well do feel free to email me directly you'll see it on the slides dp27OS you're very welcome to be in touch with me um and I hope to be able to welcome you either online programs starting in April or in October or in September to our campus programs in London great thanks so much Dan I thank you everybody for joining in um as Dan has said we will um share a recording of the session if you've missed anything for those of you who joined later on um and I will also send around some information with um contact information for Dan and others in the program so thanks so much for joining us we hope you enjoyed it um and we'll be in touch soon