 Hello and welcome. Thank you for joining us today. My name is Fabiagigi. I am the chair of the Japan Research Center at SOAS University of London and it's my great pleasure to introduce the proceedings today. I'm an anthropologist of Japan and I've been interested in the links between Buddhism and technology for a long time. So I'm Genya Gorbaneiko from the Ethno-ISS project and ethnography of the International Space Station hosted at UCL approached me and said there is a Japanese company that plans to launch a Buddhist temple into space. I was all ears and who wouldn't be? There's something about the juxtaposition of temple and space, the final frontier that stirs the imagination and raises questions like is salvation limited to planetary beings or is the cosmos that we talk about in anthropology and religious studies actually much closer to the cosmos that astronomers talk about. It is my honor to introduce our speakers today who will address these questions. Please give a warm welcome to Reverend Nakata Jinei and Director Kitagawa Sadahiro. Mr Kitagawa Sadahiro graduated from the Graduate School of Management at the University of Kyoto. He joined the internet provider Kagoya Japan LDD in 1996 when it was still a fledgling business and turned it into a large-scale service provider. Since 2020 he is the director of Terraspace LTD. Our other speaker, Reverend Nakata Jinei, is the chief priest of the Venerable Daigoji Temple in Kyoto and the general affairs manager of the Daigo branch of Shingon Buddhism. He graduated in Buddhist studies from Taisho University and has received Denpo Kanjo at the Samboin sub temple in 1987 which is the esoteric initiation. He was the first Buddhist monk to attend the World Economic Forum in 2003 and is engaging in a wide range of cultural activities. I'm also very glad that we are joined today by Bethan Jones our interpreter who will translate the talk and the Q&A. Please save your questions for the end and put them in the Q&A box which you'll find at the bottom of your screen. So without further ado I will now hand over to our speakers. So I am uh hello let me just say hello to start with my name is Nakuda Nakada we also have Kitamura here and alongside my colleague Kitagawa-san we will be giving our talk today we're very happy to be with you. The first Kitagawa-san is going to be speaking about where the idea came from to build a temple in space and then from there I'm going to be talking a bit about Buddhism esoteric Buddhism and our ideas about space. Yeah thank you. Is it okay? Oh yeah. Good afternoon. I'm Sadahiro Kitagawa a president of Terra Space Inc space satellite developing company. Nice to meet you and thank you for inviting this lecture. Today I'll talk why we need a temple in the space. It may be difficult to explain because of cultural reason but I try the best. Please try to cooperate with you too from now allow me to use Japanese. So here on the first slide you see a mock-up of the space temple that we are currently developing. This in the background is Daigoji the temple where Nakada-san is chief priest. I'm going to start by explaining why we thought we needed a temple in space and it comes back to the Japanese temple system which is quite unique and is known as the danka system. There's an explanation of the system here. But this system arose out of historical reasons and is the way that Japanese Buddhist temples work. Basically Buddhist believers every family has to belong had to belong to a particular temple. So when a member of one of these families moves elsewhere in Japan or anywhere in the world they still belong to this one temple for the rest of their life. Whenever someone passes away in the family the family temple is where the funeral is held as well as memorial services in the future. Japanese Buddhists when there are ceremonies like this have to go back to the family temple. In the past most Japanese people were farmers and they would live in the same place from when they were born to when they die. And when people lived in one place for their whole life it made sense that they would have the one family temple but as you can see from this graph lifestyles in Japan are changing and nowadays our lives don't really suit this kind of temple system. So for example our temples and temples are in Kyushu but we are already moving to Tokyo. If your temple is in Kyushu along with the family graves but you've moved to Tokyo any funerals any ceremonies you have to go back from Tokyo to Kyushu. Which means that it ends up being that only close family and relatives will actually attend these funerals or one year memorial ceremonies three year memorial ceremonies. Which means that the people in your day to day life your friends your your workmates the people who live where you live are unlikely to be able to make it back to celebrate your life after you've passed away at the one year and then three year memorials. In the past when Japanese people lived in the same place for their whole lives a funeral or a memorial service was an opportunity not just for family and relatives but for lots of friends to get together. It used to be that these were opportunities for people to continue to celebrate their life after they've passed away. It used to be that these were opportunities for people to continue their relationship with the deceased in death as they had in life, an opportunity for them to be close and to live on in their hearts in a kind of virtual relationship. Now we are more removed from these ceremonies. It seems like it's easier to forget those who have passed. Myself, I don't go to memorial services for friends who have passed away. One reason for the weakening of this connection between the living and the dead now is because of the geographical restrictions faced by temples. If we can see the world from anywhere in the universe, we will be taken away from these restrictions. If these temples, the graves, were in space, we would be taken away from them. If these temples, the graves, were in space and you could see them from anywhere on the planet and you could connect with them wherever you lived in the world, that would be one way of doing away with these geographical restrictions and one way to achieve this is by putting a temple in space. And that's why we decided that maybe what Japanese people need is a temple in space. We made this video about the space temple that I'd like you to have a look at. And that brings my part of the presentation to a close. Thank you. So I heard about this idea from Kitagawa-san three years ago. I thought it was an excellent idea and one way of solving the issue that Japanese temples face today. I also thought that this idea of having a temple in space fit nicely in a number of ways with Buddhist teachings. But very simply, Buddhism is, Buddhist teachings are about thinking how we should live as human beings. And the most important element of that is that human beings live as part of nature. So we are part of nature. And when you go deeper, you realize that we are one form of existence in space in the universe and one life form that exists in space. And the fact that each of these individual lives is connected is an important teaching in Buddhism. It is an important concept, let's say in Japan, in Japan in general, that could be translated by, unfortunately not the best translation possible, but it could be destiny. The links between human beings and between all living things. So the idea of looking down on us, a temple looking down on us from space seemed like a good one. Another teaching is that all lives in Buddhism are equal and that speaks also to those that are invisible. And that plays out in the types of ceremonies that Kitagawa-san mentioned taking place in Japan. When someone passes away, we hold these ceremonies after one week, two weeks, one year, two years and three years in temples in Japan as an opportunity to converse with the deceased. Conversing with the deceased in this way has taught the Japanese our sense of ethics and the importance of life. I believe that Japanese people's kindness and consideration for other people and other beings, our sense of morality comes from this conversation we have with the deceased. Unfortunately, as Kitagawa-san said, those links that Japanese people have with the temples are now being diluted. And that's why I felt that it was an excellent idea to build a temple in space to rebuild those links and to be able to feel close to the temple wherever we are. And looking down on life from space means that we're not just looking at Japan, but are able to consider and pray for peace for all of the people on Earth. And that's why I believe that Japanese people's kindness and consideration for other people and other beings are now being diluted. And that's why Japanese people's kindness and consideration for other people and other beings are now being diluted. We celebrate Christmas, we visit the Shinto shrine at New Year, we visit our ancestors' Buddhist graves. All of these different religions form a part of our lives and that I think is because of the gratitude that has been taught to us by the Buddhist teachings of conversing with the departed. The temple in space means prayers without borders. It helps us to turn our thoughts to all of life. And the fact that this temple will exist in space I think will contribute to peace. This temple in space that we are aiming to launch is a very small temple, a small artificial satellite, but I hope that it will bring comfort to many, many people. This attempt is something that's impossible to achieve alone and so now we have a team of people led by Kitazawa-san working to get the space temple launched. I'd like to talk a little bit now about the teachings of esoteric Buddhism. It's going to get a bit complicated. Esoteric Buddhism teachings were developed about 500 years after Buddhism started. It is largely based on pre-Buddhist Indian teachings. One of those teachings is that people and the universe are one. Now Buddhism takes them a little bit further to say that humans are part of the universe. And so in esoteric Buddhism we look to the cosmos and pray to the sun and the moon and the stars. I know that there are other religions around the world where the sun and the moon are placed in high regard, where wishes are sent to the stars, where different natural powers are prayed to. And the plan is that prayers will be sent to the space temple, the artificial satellite in the form of data, and that this will then be sent onwards to the stars. Which will help our prayers to reach the stars. In Japan there's a belief that when you die you become a star. This isn't Buddhist or Shinto teaching. This is a popular belief. And we're also planning that you can send the data on a deceased person in the form of their posthumous Buddhist name and a portrait data on that person to the satellite which again can then be sent to the stars. Kitigawa-san spoke about the issues faced by Japanese temple and I have spoken about the links to Buddhism and esoteric Buddhism, but beyond that there's a simple hope that having a temple in space will help everyone to feel that those that have departed are still up there looking down on us. There are also people who are working for space development and space. I think that praying for the safety of those people is another role of this alien. I hope that the space in space will not become a place for discussion, but for us to think about each other. I hope that space as we explore it becomes not a place for fighting, but a place where we can all come together and in consideration for each other. And that will be a useful place for all of our futures. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you for listening to this very valuable story. I would like to move on to Q&A. I was wondering what is the main image of the space temple, the Honson, and how is it related to the Honson at the Daigoji? That's quite specific. The main image is Dainichi Norei, the Dainichi Buddha, the main Buddha of hysteric Buddhism. That will be the main image of the space temple. Daigoji is a big temple, so there are not only one Honson, but there are many Buddha statues in the temple. Depending on the wishes and hopes of the people who come to Daigoji, the Buddha statues are different. Daigoji itself is a very large temple, so it doesn't have just the one Buddha image. It has a number of different Buddhas and worshippers will choose who to visit depending on their intentions and their needs at that time. The Buddha statue in the temple is the Dainichi Norei, so the Dainichi Norei is the first Honson in the temple. However, it is not just the Dainichi Norei, it is one of the statues. In Japan, Buddhism and Shinto are the same, so the gods are also there. This is the reason why we have gone with Dainichi Norei for the initial image for the space temple. He should be taken as symbolic of the other Buddhas as well, and also Shinto, because in Japan Buddhism and Shinto started out as the same thing. We would like to think that the Shinto deities are also represented in the space temple. Thank you very much. I will take up the first question in the Q&A. Bethany, if you open up you can see it. It's from Eugenia Gorbanenko, and she asks, Time and time again, astronauts are presented as icons of technological progress. They're held up as testament to human achievements in science and the possibility of transcendence of humans natural limitations. In some cultures, notably in the Soviet Union, the astronaut was an icon of scientism and atheism. What is the status of the astronaut in Buddhism? Transcendent or... In the past, the astronaut was a symbol of technological progress. He was taken up as a symbol of human progress. I think you can see how much human progress has been made in science and atheism. In the Soviet Union, the astronaut was a symbol of science and atheism. In the Soviet Union, the astronaut was a symbol of science and atheism. What is the status of the astronaut in Buddhism? It's difficult. In Buddhism, there is no connection between humans and humans. In Buddhism, as I mentioned earlier, it's a religion that has been analyzed by thinking about the existence of humans and the existence of the world. It's a very scientific, as I said, scientific, and I think it's not a religion. As I mentioned earlier, Buddhism is a religion that started out through the analysis of human existence and analysing the world. So nowadays, we might say that it is a scientific religion. It's a very important thing to respect. The connection with the religion is something that we have to discuss from now on. Let's say, the world. And the connection between space and religion is one that maybe, and between science and religion, is one that maybe requires more discussion in future. I don't know if that answers your question. Thank you very much. There's quite a few very interesting questions coming in. I will take up the next one by Guillermo Figueredo, who asks, thank you for your very interesting presentations. This is a truly fascinating project. I was wondering about the efficacy of having a temple in space. Since the temple will not be physically accessible to anyone as it is in space, how exactly will it reproduce the kind of relationships and involvement only possible in particular places. Doesn't the total erasure of borders, the transcending of place also imply the impossibility of relating to something. Since a thing without limits could potentially be anything or nothing at all. Or do you think a temple that is not anywhere in particular that has no place represents the possibility of bringing together many different people and places. Thank you for your very interesting presentation. I think it's a very interesting project. I would like to ask about the efficacy of space and religion. I think there is a temple that no one can actually go to in space. How can we reproduce the kind of relationships between the temple and the place? I think there is a possibility that there is no place without borders, and that there might be no place without borders, and that there might be no relationship between the two. Since there is no place without borders, will there be a possibility of bringing together many different people from different places? I will go. I will go. Yes. I will go. It's a difficult question, but I would like to explain a little bit. I haven't talked about it before, but I will explain from there. It's a difficult question, but I will try to address it, and I'll start by explaining something that I left out of my presentation earlier. Actually, this alien is a human race, but this human race will come back to Earth after 5 years of mission. The space temple is a man-made satellite, and once it's completed its mission, in about 5 years' time, it will drop out of orbit and fall back to Earth, whereupon it will burn up on re-entry into the atmosphere and evaporate. But it actually has one other function. It is the name of the human race, or the name of the body that has disappeared in the space. It is the data of each species. As we've heard, the space temple will have on board the posthumous Buddhist names and memorial portraits of deceased people in the form of optical data. And this will be able to be sent to specific stars, specific constellations. We will be able to transmit things like photographs and names of deceased people. And in some cases, potentially genetic information. We will be able to transmit things like photographs and names of deceased people in the form of optical data. So this data can be transmitted in the form of light in the direction of, for example, Orion. And it will keep going in perpetuity. The furthest reaches of the universe that we know about 13.8 billion light years away. And so in theory, the light emitted from the space temple will keep going for at least that length of time. So the space temple will be gone in five years. But the data of the deceased person, and the feeling of the deceased person, can be transmitted in the form of light in the form of optical data. And Orion is also present in the form of a long-term period of human time. Even if the human race is gone, it can be remembered that it is gone just by looking at Orion. Orion is the northern hemisphere of the Earth. And it can be seen through one year. In other words, what I want to say is that there is a human race there, and there is an alien race there. Even once the space temple itself has physically disappeared, the light emitted carrying that data from the deceased people and along with it the memories of those still alive will travel forever. The safety is pretty much close enough to forever in space. And if it's going in the direction of Orion in this case, whenever those left behind look up and see Orion, it will remind them of their deceased loved ones. And that's something you can see all around pretty much from the northern hemisphere. So it's not so much that the satellite is the temple, but that it being up there goes beyond borders in that way and moves beyond the geographical restrictions in the sense that that data, that light will always be there. And that we almost think that not just the satellite but the whole of space will be the space temple. Thank you very much. I think this already anticipates the answer to the question to our next question by Daniel Kappa, who says respectfully speaking, I find this idea intriguing. I understand the reasoning about funeral travel. Further, I'm not at all an enemy of Buddhism and indeed admire Shingon, but satellite electronics last only about five years in the radiation of space before they die. Then the satellite becomes space junk. Hence your idea involves adding to the garbage that we already have in space, which currently is a massive environmental problem. Looking longer term than five years, instead of enabling respect for the debt, we are multiplying the number of debt satellites and adding to dangerous junk in orbit. Should we create more obsolete space garbage just so that people do not have to travel between talking to you. How does this square with Buddhist compassion? I think you already answered part of this by explaining that the satellite actually the orbit deteriorates and then the satellite will disappear. But if you would like to add something to that. Next question. It's a very interesting idea. I often understand that it sends data to people who have disappeared. It's not the opposite of Buddhism. I admire Shingon, but satellite electronics last only about five years in the human race. Then it becomes a debris. Therefore, this idea is already a big environmental problem. Space debris, space garbage, is causing a lot of trouble. So it's not just respecting those who have disappeared. I think it's a question of increasing the amount of garbage in the future. I think there is already a part of the answer, but if you would like to add something to that. This is almost like what Kitagawa-san explained earlier. It's already gone. Let's say it's related to the text. It's related to the reality. Therefore, it's not a debris. In other words, there is a way to think that it can be hidden. It's a little difficult, but it's the recognition of our hearts. The most important thing in our hearts is the teaching of Buddhism. Especially the teaching of Buddhism. It may not exist, but that's where it really existed. In the past, it was all in our hearts. This time, you can see the data, but you can't see the data. By flying that data, I think it's one of the characteristics of the existence of the air. Sorry, it's difficult. Yes, as you say, Kitagawa-san has already addressed a lot of that question. The satellite will break down. It will disappear, essentially, return to molecules and atoms. We have the concept of emptiness in Buddhism as an important one. The idea that everything, ultimately, what exists within our hearts is the most important thing. Previously, all of this existed only within our hearts. Now, the space temple will be up there. Even when it's no longer there, the data will still be there, even though we can't see it. The data, in that sense, is a representation of what we call cool emptiness. Thank you. We have a number of really interesting questions that are still coming in. Let's ask a few conceptual things. Somebody asks, what constitutes a Buddhist temple? Could you elaborate a bit on how you translated your concept of a temple into something that can be launched into space with a rocket? Next, let's talk about conceptual things. What is a Buddhist temple? How did you change it into something that can be launched into space? I think I've been explaining this earlier. A temple is a place for people's hearts. In Japan, it's a place for each region. It's a place for people's hearts. I talked about it earlier. It's a place for the universe. Now, it's not just a place for people to live in. It's also a place for people to be able to live in. It's a place for people to be able to live in. It's a place for people to be able to live in. A temple is a refuge for people's hearts. That has traditionally existed as we've explained in each region of Japan. Now that that no longer works for our lifestyles, we're trying to replicate that in space. Thank you. Together with that, another quite concrete question. Can you tell us some more details about the satellite itself? In particular, what kind of orbit it will be taking and how long will it be planned to remain in orbit? Next, a specific question. Can you tell us a little bit more about the artificial satellite? For example, how long and how long will it last? I will answer it. According to the plan we're planning to launch, the code will be 500 km from the ground. It's called the Earth-based orbit, and it will be around the orbit of the low Earth orbit. This orbit will take about 90 minutes to complete the orbit. If it's in this code, it will take about 5 years. The orbit will take about 5 years. It will take about 5 years to complete the orbit. It will take 5 years to complete the orbit. The orbit will take about 5 years to complete the orbit. The launch we're planning for the satellite is a planned orbit of around 500 km above the Earth, what we call low Earth orbit. At that altitude, it will take about 90 minutes. At that altitude, it will remain in orbit for 5 years. Over the next 3 to 5 years, it will fall out of orbit and eventually burn up on re-entering the atmosphere. Thank you. The next question is by Tomoe Steinek. Reverend Nakata has already touched this, but purchase and occupation of space is a huge issue. Have you internally addressed such a discussion that is likely to arise when other religious communities hear about the Shingon Buddhist temple in space and may oppose this idea? It is, after all, a specific visual symbol that is not shared by all humanity, and I have so far no knowledge about other religions having similar projects. I've just mentioned the topic by Nakata-sensei, but I think that the issue of space development and space-building is one of the major issues. If you hear that other religions have the Shingon Buddhist temple in space and have the Shingon Buddhist temple in space, what would you do if you were to oppose it? This is a symbol of Buddhism, and it is not shared by all humanity, but I don't think there is such a plan in other religions, as far as I know. How do you think? Yes, I think Kitagawa-san and I focus on Buddhism, but we are already talking about sharing this religion with people in the shrine. So you're right that Kitagawa-san and I have Buddhism, central to our initial thinking, but we've already spoken with Shinto shrines in Japan about sharing the temple. And as I mentioned, I do hope that this will be able to function as a symbol, as a refuge for people's hearts that goes beyond religious boundaries. I hope that we can all share that part of our hearts, so that Shinto Guru-san and Shinto Guru-san can also talk to us. I hope that in that spirit we'll be able to share this temple and we're having that conversation already with Shinto priests in Japan. Of course, each religion has its own teachings as well, and what I'm describing may be difficult and may just be a dream at the end of the day, but as a small step, I hope that creating and providing this kind of space for Shinto, as a small step, I hope that creating and providing this kind of space in space is a small step towards that. Thank you very much Tomoe-san, very good creation. Thank you very much. The next question is by Christoph Brumann, who asks, is the space temple mainly meant as a cemetery, a special form of Poti or Hakaba? It was suggested that the data of deceased individuals can in some way be sent and stored there. Would that be the main purpose or can descendants also do Omairi and visit and visit the temple in some way? How would that work? As for the space temple, what is the special Hakaba Poti? Is that the main role? There was a story about the data being sent and stored there, but is that the main purpose or is that the main purpose? In that case, can you do Omairi? Yes, it's difficult. As I said earlier, it's not a cemetery, it's a place of heart, so we will also accept prayers. So it's not a cemetery, as I say, it's a refuge for the heart, and so we will also accept prayers. Data... I think there is a sense of a cemetery in Japan, but in Japan, as a deceased person, we will ask for prayers or we will ask for our hearts. As I said earlier, we have decided whether we are right or not. So, in terms of the temple, there is also a role, and there is also a role that is not. I think it would be nice if you could understand it. I'm sorry, I couldn't understand it. It does fulfill the role of a cemetery in the sense that the data is stored there, but also for Japanese people, we pray through the departed. And conversing with them, as I say, is a form of introspection of judging our own actions. So that's another role that the temple will play. So it is part cemetery, but part something else. I'm not sure if that's a good answer to your question. Thank you. Then there's another question about the connection with esoteric Buddhism by Tony Milligan who asks, is the idea of a strong connection to space, the recovery of a neglected idea within esoteric Buddhism, or a theme which has been consistently present? Did you keep thinking about it? I used to keep thinking about it, but the original is not Buddhism, it's the Vedas, which is called Uppari Shad. It's an old Indian philosophy. The Buddhism changed the way and became a秘境. I hope you think about it. From that point on, in the 2000s, the existence of space and the existence of humans has become one of the most important teachings in the秘境. It's still there, but it's still expressing space. It was an original teaching of esoteric Buddhism that came from, as I mentioned, the pre-Buddhist teachings in India from Veda. That was arranged in a Buddhist way and became esoteric Buddhism, Mikur, that has then been handed down for 2000 years. It's been there the whole time, the importance of the relationship between humans and space. Space, in fact, the universe is represented by the mandalas. Thank you. There's another question by Dimitri Apparin that relates to that. He writes, I was very struck by what you said about sending prayers as data to space. What is the relationship between prayer and data? Is anything lost in the translation of words into code? And in what form will the data be sent on further into space? First of all, as mentioned earlier, the heart is the most important part of our relationship. It's important to have the heart to be sent into text, in text, in text, in text, in text, in text, in text, in text, and so on. いう意味でそれを人口衛生に載せていたときに その心が宇宙へ向けて 飛び立っていく というふうに考えています Well as I said that the most important thing is the heart behind the prayer and so whether that takes the form of text of words of data is the heart behind it that is the most important thing and that is what is being transmitted to space and beyond 何人が送信される形は? 送信する形は 送信する 送信する方法なんですけれど まずこの宇宙人では ウェブからもそういった悔用とか お祈りというものを受けつけています その場合はテキストデータになりますので 単純にそのテキストデータをバイナリ情報にして 光の強弱ですね そういった形で送ることになります またですねそれだけではなくて あの手書きの 社教の 一時社教という これがちょっと英語にも 訳せるかな えーとね うん あの えー まあ器官をですね あの まあ手書きで書いた情報なども 送ることができるんですけれど まあこれはですね あのスキャンしたものを バイナリデータとして あの送信します so we are accepting prayers online to be sent to the temple prayers and information on departed people so it's text when we receive it that's turned into binary data and then sent it will be sent optically we also accept handwritten prayers which are then scanned and again turned into binary thank you there's been I mean there's a few more questions coming in and next question is by yagi moris thank you so much for this fascinating presentation esoteric buddhism has devised complex ways to communicate with the buddhas that relied on the body in the video i noticed lights emanating from the space temple it might be just related to the video but in the absence of the body is there an intention to employ new technological means to communicate with the buddhas and bodhisattvas in space thank you yagi moris面白いプレゼンをどうも ありがとうございました 密教では 体を使った ほっと消さまとの コミュニケーションをとる方法 があの大開発されていると思います 先ほどの動画の中で 宇宙人から光が出てる っていうのがあったと思うんです でもそれは 動画のためにそうしただけ なかもしれませんが 体がそのお寺に行って 宇宙に行けない限り その代わりのまた新しい 技術的な方法をもって 新しいほっと消さまとの コミュニケーション方法を 利用する予定ですか 本来その密教では その明祖という中で 難しい武器用具をはぼくと 明祖という中で心の中で その宇宙に飛び立ってくんですね で宇宙の中に自分がいるという ふうに感じるんですね まあ実際それは難しいですけれども その少なくとも レーターとか 自分の 関わっている 宇宙人っていうのは まそこへ なんか一歩近づける ところと言いましょうか まあ心の中の明祖だけではなくて ああ実際にそこに宇宙人があるんだな そこにもし自分がいたら どうなんだろうというふうに 実際いけないんですけれども 次の一歩が まあ密教的にも 踏み出せる かもしれないですね すいません難しいんですけれども It's another hard one Isotero Buddhism uses meditation and not to try not to make it too complicated. We meditation is an opportunity to visit the universe inside our hearts and to feel the universe inside of us. And so by having that data in space and that temple in space maybe it brings us a step closer to being there. Up until now we've only been there in our hearts in meditation and of course even if we can't actually go to this base temple maybe it helps us imagine that maybe we could and brings us a step closer to being up there. Thank you very much. We're almost at the end of our time but I think because it's such a unique opportunity we can take two more questions. The one is fairly short. You spoke of the data to be transmitted through the space temple and your ideas surrounding the space temple but what are the physical elements other than the Buddhist image that make up the satellite? What are the physical elements inside the satellite? The Mandala is depicted in Buddhism. It represents the universe. I'm not sure yet but I'm talking to the Shinto people in Japan. The temple, the temple, and the temple are also depicted. 絵画が宇宙の空間って非常に難しいので、なかなかいろんなものは入れませんので、絵画ということが限界なんですが、絵画ことを考えています。 あとは人工衛生の色んな、こう、姿勢をセーブしたり、いろいろする、ちゃんと、システムですね。 もう一度の辺は詳しくは北川さんの本が、はやい話していますけれども。 From the Buddhist side, there will be the Mandala, as I mentioned, that represents the universe. And although it's not confirmed yet, we hope that there will also be some Shinto representations within the temple. It's tricky sending actual objects into space, so representations of Shinto objects is what we would like to have in there. And then there's all the stuff you would expect in a satellite, like attitude correction systems and other things that I will leave it to Kitagawa-san to explain. 私の方から技術的な装備について説明させていただきますと、まずですね、人工衛生に電源を供給するための太陽光パネルですね。 その太陽光パネルとその衛生が地球の影に隠れた時にも電源を供給するためのバッテリーがあります。 こちらが努力系の設備ですね。 On the technical side, firstly there will be solar panels to power the satellite and a battery, so it also has power when it's in the shadow of the earth. それからですね、この人工衛生の姿勢を制御するための仕組みとして、時期取るかというものを装備しております。 これは時期を利用して人工衛生の姿勢を制御するための簡単な装置ですね。 There will also be a simple device that uses magnets to control the attitude of the satellite. あとはですね、人工衛生の正確な位置を知るために、スターセンサーというものが乗っております。 これはですね、星の位置を確認することで、自分がどこにいるかを知ることができる授知ですね。 There will also be a positioning system called star sensor, which uses the position of the stars to calculate the location of the satellite. その他ですね、この人工衛生というか、宇宙人に乗っているご本存ですとか、そのご本存から地球を見た様子。 そういったものを撮影するためのカメラであったり、そのカメラで撮影した映像を地球に送るための通信系の設備なども乗っております。 Thank you very much. Oh, sorry. ちなみにですね、そのカメラの改造度はVGA相当となっておりますので、そんなに改造度が高くありませんので、あまりGoogle Mapのように細かいところまで見るもんではないですね。 The camera will be quite a low resolution one, so it won't be like looking at Google Maps. Thank you very much. There's many more questions which we won't have time to answer. I'll end with this because we are here so it has to be a question about the political economy by Claudia Marra who asks, thank you for this interesting webinar. I would like to ask a very disworldly question. Since the Danca system, temples generated a considerable amount of their income by selling Terauke certificates and burial and memorial services. Kaimyo and Buddhist services are already very expensive as they are now. Wouldn't a temple in space be only affordable for very rich people? Also, some temples offer apps to visit graves or temples. Why then a temple in space? I'd like to ask one last question. In the Danca system, temples generated a considerable amount of their income by selling Terauke certificates and burial services. Kaimyo and Buddhist services are already very expensive. I'd like to ask a very disworldly question. Since the Danca system, temples generated a considerable amount of their income by selling Terauke certificates and burial services. Why then a temple in space? I'd like to ask one last question. Why is it necessary to create temples in space? First of all, it is a matter of price. The amount of data is used in various ways. I would like to make it a system to choose from cheap items to expensive items. I think that the current Danca system is already limited in Japan. I hope that the temple will use these 10G to develop a new Danca system. In response to the first part of the question, there will be different options depending on the volume of data that you want to send to the space temple. So there will be cheaper options through to more expensive ones. We believe that the Danca system has reached its limits and hopefully this will help temples to establish a new form of Danca system. We can't actually go to the place where the temple will be built. It's a long way from where the temple will be built, but it's still far from the place where the temple will be built. We believe that the temple will be built in the space temple. We believe that it will be better for us to build a place where the temple will be built. Well, in the sense that with the apps that you mentioned, you're not actually visiting the temple or the grave. So to the satellite in space is pretty far away, but in the case of a satellite, there will be times when it is right above you. And we plan an app where you'll be able to check the position of the satellite, which is something you can do already via apps with existing satellites. And we think that with the apps that temples have currently, you're still tied to the Dancasado and you're still tied to the locality of that temple. And we still think it's nicer to move beyond that. Thank you so much. This brings us to the end of our event. I would really say thank you so much for joining us. Thank you for putting up with our very broad and sometimes very nosy questions about the space temple. Thank you, Nakata-san. It is evening in Japan. We're only just reaching lunchtime. Thank you very much also to Kitawa-san for joining us. It was really a unique opportunity to ask the questions and we've had 85 attendance, which is quite rare for JSE events. It just speaks to the popularity of this topic and the kind of imagination that it triggers. This brings us to the end of our event. Thank you, Nakata-san, Kitawa-san. Thank you very much. It's evening in Japan. It's almost lunchtime. Thank you so much for answering the very broad and sometimes very nosy questions about the space temple. Thank you. So we thank our sponsor, the Meiji Jingu Intercultural Research Institute, and also the SOA Center for the Study of Japanese Religious Studies. Thank you so much for putting up with our very broad and sometimes very nosy questions about the space temple. Thank you. So we thank our sponsor, the Meiji Jingu Intercultural Research Institute, and also the SOA Center for the Study of Japanese Religions, as well as the Ethno ISS project at UCL. And of course we thank Besson Jones, who did an amazing job interpreting, and also to Jenny Gorbanenko, who designed The Flyer. Thank you very much for joining us today, and I hope you have a restful end of the day, wherever you are.