 The study found that the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients at Nemezee Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, increased over the course of three years. Additionally, the researchers observed a significant rise in the antibacterial resistance rate among these bacteria strains. The most common gram-negative bacteria isolated from biological samples was Escherichia coli, followed by Acinetobacter species, which had the highest antibacterial resistance rate. Furthermore, the researchers noted that the majority of Acinetobacter SPP and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. This article was authored by Iman Karamzata, Nilofar Sadegamanesh, Mona Mersi, and others.