 What I did agree with our kind of or MD was that okay, so my ancestral mothers and fathers the rune hilda and bae wolves Thousands of years ago So during the summer, you know rune hilda was out there getting plants and we were having a lot of non poisonous leaves and some tubers and a lot of dirt And some small animals that she was catching in the nets Bae wolf was out there getting the bigger game and bringing that back and then during the winter I wasn't eating many plant materials and I was either not eating or is eating carnivore So I was willing to admit that certainly Several months out of every year. I was either fasting or being a carnivore and at least You know seven months to nine months out of the year. I was clearly an omnivore That is what we have the most historical precedent with as it as Homo sapiens are being omnivores just very occasionally carnivores and Fairly occasionally having to fast Hey, let me on that same subject. Let's let me give you another question so My wife and I you know will eat, you know our meal at dinner Because that's quite frankly when we're both home. We both work and yeah, same here And so what what say you that really if we were going to do this correctly? we should eat our meal at breakfast and Then start our fast at that point well Again, let's sort of think about bae wolf and broon held a back there about a hundred thousand years ago You know Bae wolf was out there hunting and so he's going to come back in the afternoon with his brothers and cousins, etc And they'll probably be showing up around one o'clock Then I'm making I'm cooking that stuff. So maybe at best. I'm eating two or three o'clock so I bet We have probably a longer history of the feast Mid-afternoon And that's when we ate and we probably had one meal a day. I mean The concept of three meals a day was a newly introduced European Dictum to separate themselves from the savages and my guess is historically we probably had one meal a day when we are farmers Came farmers 10,000 years ago We might have had a meal before going out and doing the farm work You've slaved all day in the fields working your tail off and you come back in and you have another meal in the evening So it might have had two meals a day But when we were hunting and gathering it was one meal Okay, and it was probably late afternoon Mid-afternoon at the earliest. Yes, I tell my patients we didn't crawl out of our cave and say what's for breakfast? Yeah, we need to go catch it. Yeah, and breakfast means break fast and yeah when we found it The other thing that interests me is as you know Our cortisol levels rise early in the morning around starting around four o'clock in the morning And that actually kicks up our blood sugar And my argument to people saying breakfast is the most important meal of the day would be that we seemingly have an evolutionary fix for the fact that we weren't going to have food early in the day because Cortisol you know makes us insulin resistant and it kicks up our blood sugar and we're actually often running So I all my diabetic patients I actually say haven't you noticed that your blood sugar goes up early in the morning and they go Yeah, and I said well believe it or not that that's on purpose and you were you were designed for this So the idea that we've got to get that meal in first thing that we wake up just it doesn't make any Physiologic sense. No, no, I don't think there's any need for that. All right So Like I say you you change your ideas bless your heart What have you learned about the microbiome that you didn't know five years ago? That my colleagues are really getting excited about our microbiome that They admit we don't really know what species we should have in a microbiome Even my microbiome scientist admits that he doesn't know what species are the right species to have that Probably it's what these species can do And that you know microbes are gene-swapping all of the time And so even though we may have these probiotics because they're being cultured in these big steel vats They're gene-swapping all the time. We don't know what processes That microbe can do and it's the processes that I need not the name of the species So the research that is really the most interesting is the research that looks at the Metabolites the metabolome Then we've got that frozen. So so so we're going to be analyzing that Metabolon looks at about 20,000 different compounds that are in your urine your blood your poop your spinal fluid and sees how that changes So it's gonna we're writing grants now. So hopefully there'll be a time But I'm going to be able to analyze the changes in our blood Urine and stool as people adopt the wall's diet or as they adopt any of the other diets that we study I and because you see That is what I think the change in the diet that you advocate in that I advocate That are our gut then you know digest that foods into smaller compounds that get into our bloodstream that help us run the chemistry of life and It's it's the microbiome making these metabolites that influence our health So that's very exciting. I talked about that in the book. We are writing grants Hopefully in the next couple of years, we will you know get funded be able to analyze that stuff And so, you know, hopefully in 2021 or 2022 I can begin to much much more specifically address that Fantastic You're famous for advising people to eat nine cups of vegetables a day now. Yeah. Yeah. Now most people equate because of dietary advice fruits and vegetables as Equally healthy and because fruits takes good and vegetables don't They tend to head for the fruits in your new book you Aren't particularly wild about fruit and as you know, I have told people to give fruit the boot So what say you? So our fruit is very very different It's been cultivated to have a lot more starch. I have a lot higher fructose content And so that's very different than the type of fruits that would have been our ancestors would have consumed for them berries Would have been like this huge treat a very seasonal treat. You could have that and it Probably does not have it nearly the amount of lectins because they plants want us to eat the fruits So they aren't going to be as noxious towards it true the fruits that we have Cultivated and created again have so much more fructose so many more carbs And frankly so do a lot of the starchy vegetables So what I've discovered in my clinics and our clinical trials is that People ramped up on the fruit and did not have near the amount of vegetables. I wanted them to have So I've made it much more explicit that We're dialing down the fruit and my preference is that what we're talking about Ideally our berries. I think berries are the most beneficial of the fruit It's so much more important to get the greens to get the sulfur and a small amount of fruit If you have a belly that's bigger than your butt then I'd rather you not have any fruit And that's that's most Americans unfortunately Unfortunately, that is most Americans and unfortunately most children now too You know, that's true