 Hydrogels are a type of material with a high water content that can be used as a supportive matrix for cell immobilization and growth factor delivery. They have been used extensively in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix and provide mechanical support for cells. Smart hydrogels are composed of a hydrophilic polymer network that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, and electricity. These properties make them attractive candidates for use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications. This article was authored by Somsundar Manta, Sangeeth Palai, Parisa Kiambashi, and others.