 Surgical conditions are responsible for up to 15% of total disability adjusted life years, daily, lost globally. Approximately 4.8 billion people have no access to surgical care and this study's aim is to assess the surgical disease burden in children under the age of 5 years. Head and neck accounted for the greatest number of lesions, 55.2%, and the most significant unmet surgical need, 16.6%. This article was authored by Saqib Hamid Qazi, Syed Siklain Ali Mirza, Reynu S. Grown, and others.