 Tumenicrosis factor alpha, TNF, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in both homeostasis and pathology in the central nervous system. It has been shown to be released from microlia during various neurological disorders, such as ALS, and can have detrimental effects on neuronal function. Specifically, it can increase the excitatory inhibitory ratio, leading to increased synaptic activity and damage. Additionally, TNF can potentiate glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity through two distinct mechanisms, inhibiting glutamate uptake on astrocytes and directly activating calcium channels on neurons. These effects are thought to contribute to the neuro-inflammation and excitotoxity seen in many neurological disorders. This article was authored by Gabriel Almos and Euronia Lado.