 Welcome to session four, Diaspora as Diversity. The Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging Framework. My name is Dr. Liesl Riddle, a Diaspora researcher from the George Washington University in Washington, DC. And I'm honored to be the moderator for today's important session. Core to the SDGs is a commitment to diversity and inclusion. Diaspora communities occupy a unique position in the global quest for diversity and inclusion. The multiple senses of belonging that often characterize the diaspora experiences at the very core of how diasporas can contribute to global understanding and progress on diversity, inclusion and belonging in the 21st century and beyond. This session will explore some of the early innovators and change makers in diversity, inclusion and belonging efforts locally, globally and transnationally. First, we begin learning from the host government for today's session, the government of Mexico. Mr. Luis Gutierrez Reyes is the director of the Institute of Mexicans Abroad and a great promoter of social transformation and social justice. An engineer and computer scientist by training, Mr. Gutierrez Reyes has more than 30 years of experience in the design and implementation of projects and strategies that use technology as a transversal tool to improve decision-making in a collective and efficient way. He's applied his technological expertise to promote ethics, public integrity, prevent conflicts of interest and combat corruption across several public and private sector organizations. The representative from the governor of Mexico has the floor for the next 10 minutes. Thank you, sir. So everybody, thanks for having us here. I have the paper, I'm gonna share the screen. Please. So we have the presentation, this presentation in English but I will explain in Spanish. So I think that right now it's working the translation. Yes, okay. Muy buenas dias a todas y todas. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for having us in this diaspora summit. We will be presenting the work of the Mexican government at the Institute of Mexicans Abroad. This institute is in the chancellery of Mexicans abroad that we would like to share with you at work when it comes to global tensions to Mexican communities abroad. Next slide, if you please. Where are Mexicans in the world? We have 12 millions of Mexicans who emigrated all around the world, most of them for several regions but 97% emigrated to the U.S. And for those Mexicans in the U.S., six millions of them are undocumented. We also know that 38 millions of Mexican origin live in the U.S. We are working with this population of six million undocumented by developing policies for helping them. And we work with all those millions of dreamers, those children who emigrated with their parents and they don't have documented status in the country. We also have many indigenous people who emigrated to the U.S. and we're talking about a full population of indigenous people who talk the indigenous languages of Mexico and those languages will be lost in the U.S. And so the Mexican government is working on it to preserve this cultural asset. We also have quite important population in different sexual orientation. And we also identified over a million people highly qualified who reside abroad, mailing in the U.S. as I said, these is the Mexican talent who emigrated and are working in different countries. Next slide, please. I would like to briefly say that through the consulate networks of Mexico all around the world and especially in the U.S., we work in three ways. First, protection. We pay attention to vulnerabilities and assistance in crisis situations. Then we work on documentation on insurance of identity and nationality documents and then the community work of global image. We seek networks of leaders, associations, civil society, organizations and government agencies. These are web of networks. In 2022, we focus on global attention to Mexican communities in free access. First of all, international and international strategic engagement. We want to create a web of networks to strengthen and represent and defend the Mexican immigrant community worldwide. Secondly, a full representation of the community abroad. We seek to recognize these patterns with new models of political organizations taking into account the diversity of the Mexican population according to their regions and social demographic profiles. And thirdly, we seek to empower communities. We want to accelerate program and place more emphasis on providing communities the tools to defend their interest. What does I am, the Institute of Mexican Tribality is an agency within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs created on April 23, that we should promote the recognition of migration phenomenon at the dignified treatment of Mexicans abroad, encourage the establishment of dialogue, Mexicanism and promote communication with and between Mexican communities living abroad, establish coordination with governments, institutions and organizations of states and municipalities regarding prevention, attention and support for Mexican communities. And we seek to collect and systematize proposals and recommendations to improve the quality of life of Mexican communities abroad. How are we present in the Mexican Consulate? We created some assistance for educational orientation, we focus on health, education, finance, we help indigenous people, sports and cultural and civic engagement. How do these committee resource centers or windows operate? We have a central government and for instance for the health window, the health ministry provides us with some millions of dollars to be distributed through the consulates and every consulate will seek and alliance and allies in order to provide different services to migrants and we wanted to provide these health services to migrants. What are health activities? We have currently 51 health resource centers or windows in this consulate network and we need to say that the Mexican consulate network in the US is the biggest consulate network in the US. We started on health and psycho emotional support. For instance, when it comes to mental health, during the COVID pandemic, we cooperated with many health authorities and we provide mental health support. Also, due to the pandemic, we developed some strategies for mental health through some universities in Mexico in order to broaden the specialist networks in order to detect mental health issues in the consulates for those migrants who approach the consulates. And we have some psychologists, networks at the university who provide services to those people in order to work in early prevention. And we provide services, especially to female Mexican and students during the quarantine periods and during all the pandemic period at the end of the day. What about education? We established a very important project. These are grants for young people. We also have a network in the US in order to approach those youngster who immigrated to the US. And we created a consortium of higher education institutions for economic development of Mexican abroad. Financial inclusion and economic development. We are helping migrants with the finances and we provide services such as migrant banking, social securities and so on. You can see the list. We are currently developing a consulate entrepreneurship program for Mexican women abroad with Arizona University. This is the second edition and it was developed 26 Mexican repetition edition in the US and one in Europe. When it comes to civic participation strategy, we are working on a strategy for ID so that people abroad can vote. We are creating spaces in Mexico where they can be represented at the federal and local level and we also seek to work in a binational leadership of the Mexican community abroad with dual citizenship and fluency in the language of the country of residence. One of those strategy in order to seek this link with the community abroad, well, the Red Global MX is the network, talent network. It has a 71 chapters distributed in 35 countries, 6,000 members and we seek to gather all the emigrated Mexican talent. We wanted to keep the link with Mexico through digital platforms. We work on culture and engagement. We have some networking sessions with dreamers in the US and in Canada. Those dreamers came summer to Mexico. They shared a time with indigenous people and with artists. We also provide us, well, we created this thing, we seek in Mexican award. When it comes to culture, we have some cinema sessions in order to promote indigenous languages and now we are created in the indigenous migrant forum in order to defend their indigenous migrant rights. When it comes to gender equality and inclusion, we are creating a network of Mexican LGBT and plus a community abroad community forum and we also have an inter-intititional task force for returning Mexicans, different branches of the Mexican government are included here, so they can provide help to return to Mexicans when it comes to health, education, labor and development, among others. We're talking about diaspora. So during the pandemics, obviously, there was a record number of remittances to Mexico, 27% more or less. And as we said, diaspora in France organized with some psychologists, some psychologists support for students and women and they will provide with health assistance during the pandemic. And that will be all as I just run short of time. Thank you very much for your attention. Thank you for those inspiring words, Mr. Gutierrez Reyes. It's clear that Mexico is doing very much to leverage social capital for its diaspora abroad. Next, Ms. Melek Polutkonak will share her insights based on her experience as the founder of the Turkish Women's International Network, Turkish Win. For over a decade, Turkish Win has gathered open-minded and open-hearted women with cultural, professional and family ties to Turkey to build a legacy in supporting the next generation of Turkish women. Ms. Polutkonak, you have the floor for the next 12 minutes. Thank you. Thank you, Liesl. And as I'm going to share this presentation, I believe you are here at the diaspora family. And as you listen to my presentation, I would like you to think that, to remember that I am a Turkish citizen, a US citizen, a dual citizen and all the work that I've done is a social entrepreneurs doing. And as we are a family here, I would like to introduce you to my family. Meet my aunt, Osman. She migrated to the United States in the 50s. Her reason for leaving is Turkey is quite unique to divorce her husband. In Turkey at the time, you couldn't divorce your husband without him granting access or agreeing to it. So she thought outside the box and thought, if I get married in another country, he will surely divorce me. And as luck turns out, there was a Turkish American from New York looking for a bride and didn't mind that she was already married. So she moved to New York without speaking a word of English and took a chance, got married to get a divorce in Istanbul. But her husband didn't agree to the divorce for eight long years. So her story started. The United States gave my aunt, Osman, more freedom for starters to build a successful business. She's still working at the age of 87. And now since built as an entrepreneur, a net worth north of $100 million. She also exercised her freedom to divorce more freely. So she had divorced her fourth husband at the age of 44 and has been single since. My family from her side lives in different parts of the United States. And as it happens, the third generation doesn't speak a word of Turkish. I was born in Istanbul on our side of the family and knew of my aunt, but didn't have a lot of interaction until I decided to move to the United States. So my parents told me that I should invest in my education. So I tried to do my best on that front. I got my MBA from Columbia Business School and undergrad from London School of Economics. And I came to New York this time, not for this reason to flee the country like my aunt, I came with choices. So decided a career at the New York Stock Exchange. I had other challenges than my aunt faced. So I had a college degree that was looking for role models, women who would inspire me. So my aunt and my mom kept on saying, if we did it so can you, and you better do much better because now you have more money, more education, more of everything. I don't know if it's familiar, sounds familiar to any one of you. In the U.S. I was seeking networks to learn from. You know, I was looking for career advice. So I went to Turkish American Networks, Columbia Business School Networks, finance networks, you name it. Until I found the Ted Conferences, a place where people shared the same values and a shared connection and the purpose to help ideas work spreading, I didn't feel at home. And I felt very much not 100% Turkish anymore, not 100% American. Planted in a place in floating. In spite of my Ted Conferences and by that playbook, I found the Turkish Women's International Network in 2010 in New York City to connect with women like me. We said we will network for change and as Lisa will put it, it's a global sisterhood for open-hearted and open-minded women but cultural family and professional ties to Turkey. And we are very inclusive not only to Turkish women, but Lisa could have been a member of our organization when she was living in Turkey. So it's about the connection to the homeland. And we meet together from 10 different countries. We're about 600 women and we have a combined network and we help each other through different programs but we also wanna get back together. So we wanna build a legacy and support a next generation of Turkish women. Our programs are fourfold mentoring and I will show you just to give you an idea of how the network works. In mentoring you go to a digital platform, pick a mentor and apply from any country. There's a digital place for events and networking so that we can learn from each other. We have created a speaker club to share our experiences and our goods and bads and ugliest to inspire and support other women. And then we said it's great to be together but what else can we do? How can we amplify this sense of inclusion and how can we have more women participate in the labor force? So then we pull together facts that I would like to share if we created a framework we hope it's gonna be helpful for you. For Turkey or any country to realize your potential as a country we need to mobilize and optimize the natural resources of women in use and World Economic Forum agrees and seconds this opinion. The growth is gonna come by including these agents. So we said okay, then we need to target our efforts to help women build the careers they love so they can participate in the workforce to give you a flavor of that. In Turkey the labor force participation is around 30%. So that is half of OECD's average. And if we increase the participation to 60% the GDP will increase by 20%. So this is so necessary. The second bit, jobs are changing. The new jobs are becoming different and a country's natural assets or its people and the best people go to where their talent is unlocked the most and it may not be in Turkey. So we said okay, then we can create give back recipes for the diaspora to support for this cause and we can provide them options to give back when they want it what they want and in Kingsley's terms everyone is game for a brain exchange. Then we said how are we gonna do that? So people learn from each other and find the jobs they love. It's about learning and the future of learning we are very much influenced by the theory of connectivism is about being social connected and it's distributed. You cannot be at the center of this if you wanna have a scalable model. So we built social networks where people can share career tips, exchange and a network with experts who could come from anywhere and we are including our diaspora along with the men of Turkey. And then we know that you can do so much with programs we need platforms to scale impact beyond advocacy to communicate ideas. We need to create a place for weak ties to network people to find each other in an open environment. So with these four pillars we created give back platforms for Turkish winners as a community to learn from each other. And we said we're gonna work with you and we'll empower them and create solutions with them. We're gonna be in digital and we're gonna be in together. And at Turkish win it's all about social intellectual capital for us. We created this English speaking platform where we can include Lisa or anybody with an interest in Turkey. And we have 600 members. It's a paid membership model and it's for women only where we bond and learn from each other in 2010. In 2012, we got the youth going and we said, if you see something, say something be the change, work with us if you wanna have a generous future. So we have 16 young female university students in our innovation lab working with us. Then we want to build a platform, Binyaprak, which is launched in 2015. It's Turkish, it's open, it's free, it's inclusive for men and women. Anybody to join now, it has about 20,000 members. This is where we bridge our social capital and they are linking social capital from the day first day onwards for projects that matter. I will show you how Binyaprak works. So this is a place where we share role model videos, career tips and blogs with our youth working shoulder to shoulder with us. And we have 20,000 members and reached 5 million people digitally. This is how it works. This is a digital platform and we cluster groups around topics, what we know about. It could be pharma, low global careers in UK or ASMOS from 18 to 35 for this age group. The Turkish women group gets experts. We look at who knows what in Europe, for instance, for a law, a US, Asia and Turkey. And these women get together to create a curriculum of social learning and working with the youth and be delivered to a lot more people. So how do we link the social capital? I'll share with you two examples and you can find a lot more at turkishwomen.com. In 2011, we introduced Maya to Kiva's first, to be Kiva's first local partner in Turkey. And through that connection, $1.2 million in funding was given in micro credit loans to women, to 3,000 women in Turkey. How did this happen? I happened to bump into Kiva's founder at a TED conference, looked up if there's a connection in Turkey and then put the two together and spend a year mirroring the program. I'll share a second example. Meet Yomran Baba. She was the GM of PepsiCo in different countries, including Asia and Europe. Then she moved to a DNI role in the United States and met with an NGO STEM connector in the United States and rolled out a STEM program for women and girls called Millenium Mentors. Our paths crossed and she wanted to bring the program to Turkey. We said, let's do it. This time, we were operational partner, along with our youth group, with US Chamber of Commerce, a local agency. Now we have about 120 companies committing to this program. It's one year old. The goal is to have 1 million mentoring connections for women and girls in STEM in the age of 15 to 25. And with this platform, there is a chance now to have, to pick your mentor. You see the same methodology applies as in Turkish men. Young girls can go to teams and they pick a mentor from overseas or in Turkey. So that shape-named Berkeley, an energy expert, could have a mentee, a zenith in Turkey. And we do this in partnership with a lot of different corporate members, along with our individual members. This is all bootstrapped. We didn't receive any public funding. And what are the lessons learned for us? We don't otherwise. We don't say these are the women in diaspora and these are the women in Turkey. We come together around our passion for our subjects, the gender equal future, along with our passion for our profession, law, pharma, technology, social business. We build digital networks to facilitate weak connection. We harvest stories and use storytelling for people to network. We make everyone a stakeholder. Our views are part of the solution as they are also our audience. We empower choice, connection and progress. This is very important. Let change makers choose when and how they wanna contribute by building flexibility to the system and be filled up on the ideas with young people along with amazing programs from overseas. Well, I will go to that in a minute, but I will show you how my aunt looks like today with my mom's and she is running strong and working and continuing her path. And much like my aunt, we hope you agree that Turkish men have built a record of impact that allows us to make our own choices on diaspora is diversity, inclusion and belonging. In a world where diasporas are communities of purpose for such movements, now it's our time to achieve our vision of scale in partnership with you. And Turkish men, we are building what you hopefully agree is a good solution on diaspora engagement for these movements. It can be applied to all involved in this journey, private sector foundation governments, universities and others. And we know we must keep innovating and improving too, but our commitment to entrepreneurship and independence just like my aunt allows us to do that. As for Turkish men, we are now working to adding AI capabilities with SDG AI Labs, a UNDP initiative and Solvoyo Tech Company by Turkish Americans to make our platforms smarter to achieve the NIH on that scale. We are looking to replicate our platform and tools for different countries. And as for me, my aunt made her mark by making $100 million. I would like to reach 100 million men and women to build a gender equal future. And as for you, my fellow changemaker, it visit us in Turkey, so can you. Thank you. Thank you so much, Ms. Polutkonak. What an inspirational keynote really. And I'm gonna sign up right now for Turkish win. Thank you so much. Next, we will learn from the remarks shared by Ms. Nudira Abdullahyeva, who is a lawyer and human rights activist from Tajikistan and a member of the Public Organization Human Rights Center. Ms. Abdullahyeva, it has implemented numerous projects to protect migrant workers in Central Asia. Ms. Abdullahyeva, you have the floor for the next 10 minutes. Thank you. Thank you very much, dear colleagues. Dear colleagues, I wish you all the best. I am very happy to be here. Thank you, everyone. In this presentation, I would like to talk about the importance of the legal framework for the engagement that will include the application of the diaspora. I have to switch the translation. My presentation. In this presentation, I would like to concentrate on the importance of legal frameworks that tricky the diaspora's behavior, particularly when it comes to understanding the translation identities and how they are reflected in normative and policy frameworks, and the good news in terms of diaspora individuals. And the individuals in the diaspora. The sound of the intervention is unfortunately very bad and the interpreter will do what she can to translate it. Migrants retain cultural and economic benefits in addition to a country. The impact of these transnational identities must be taken into account for normative and policy frameworks. The protection and promotion of the rights of the individuals that belong to the diaspora community must reflect their multiple affiliations and their identity in the center of the legal identity, social security and rights. For their rights and their social security, they must engage with the country of origin or destination and the country of origin and the definition of their legislative framework. It is important to know that the diaspora can hamper effective diaspora engagement policies. To contribute to the engagement of the diaspora communities, IOM is undertaking an analysis of legal framework in the area of the diaspora and communities. IOM is a particular focus on regulation that is the role of the transnational identity in the diaspora and communities. It concerns communities and diasporas. I will highlight that you have really... We cannot see your screen, we can hear you badly. Is it okay? I'm sorry to interrupt you. I'm sorry to interrupt you. Just a minute. One moment. Is it good? Is it good like that? Perfect. Thank you very much. First, it's essential to mention some fundamental documents. It's essential for the government of migration and the conditions of migrants and diasporas. The agenda of the Central Government is also reflected in the global context for migration, which among the three subjects implies the role of a responsible, secure and in the right to correspond to the 19-year-old. The 19-year-old has achieved several priorities among which is to enhance institutional capacities for migrants and diasporas. This includes the integration of international capacity into development planning and sectoral... more regional, regional and global... ...regional and international, including the diaspora offices, diaspora policies, national and dedicated local points in diplomatic or consular missions. They are important in confronting political participation and in ensuring the contribution of the migrants in the diaspora and in the translation process in election and political processes. Other priorities also mention 19, but I want to emphasize particularly from paragraph 35, which is calling on governments to ensure the fact that the paragraph is transmitting flexible modalities to travel, work and invest with minimal administrative burdens and to revisit visa, residency and citizenship regulations. The definition always matters from a legal perspective. Therefore, we started to work on the report by analyzing the various legal and policy definitions attributed to diaspora within the international, regional and national frameworks. As you know, there is no legal definition of the diaspora in international law and we reviewed academic literature and other documentation and it's worth to mention that in studies the definition of diaspora even elaborated, it's still debated. If we summarize existing definitions elaborated by scholars, one can determine several common denominators. An integral characteristics of the diaspora is that the place of its residence is established in a country different from the country of origin. Therefore, diaspora communities are transnationally embedded at least at two locations. Second, diaspora build and support links between countries of origin and destination. It's important also to mention that in international level, the definition of diaspora, which elaborated by IOM is widely used. This definition was firstly developed in 24 and then elaborated and has evolved in its current definition. Migrants or dissidents of migrants whose identity and migration experience and background have shaped a sense of belonging. Using this term interchangeably allows for a more comprehensive approach and facilitates information and data collection. IOM refers to the diaspora as transnational communities because in a world of unprecedented global mobility, they compromise people who are connected to more than one country. The transnational nature of diaspora implies that these people are crucial when it comes to connecting countries and communities because they can call on multiple networks, relate to different identities and share a sense of belonging to more than one community. We also review the term of diaspora at the regional level. And for instance, African Union has elaborated its own definition. And this definition considers the continent's needs and characteristics. The European Commission Migration Home Affairs used a definition which was developed by IOM. And also we reviewed the definitions of the definition of diaspora, which elaborated by different intergovernmental and regional financial institutions. And they also elaborated these definitions based on their program and project aims. For instance, OECD definition of diaspora also consider child rights perspective. And we also looked at the definition of diaspora at the national legislation. And if we can look at this slide, then in Asia, the term of diaspora is rather used and instead many Asian governments use two main characteristics assigned to diaspora. First, previous ties to a homeland of a state of ethnicity. And second, the engagement of diaspora members in the country's development. Africa, several countries of Africa already established the definition of diaspora. For instance, Rwanda, Ghana and other states use different terminology, mainly citizens abroad. And in general, most of the countries here, they follow the definition which established in African Union. The term of diaspora in America is used in some countries and it's similar in some countries to IOM definitions. However, most of the states refer to nationals living abroad. In Europe, some countries use the term of diaspora. For instance, Ireland. And in many countries, there is different terms that is used. For instance, citizens abroad, comparison persons residing abroad, former comparison. And in some countries of Europe, there is already laws on diaspora like in Latvia and Serbia. Even if different terms are used where there are also common denominators. Usually the diaspora members are recognized as those who live abroad temporarily or permanently, maintaining the connection with the country of origin in different way. In Asia in America, definitions also specifically emphasize on the role of the diaspora in developing the country of origin. Thus, some jurisdictions have broader definitions and already reflect the aspects of transnational identity of diaspora. Members and other jurisdictions use narrow terms where transnational identity and legal rights are not yet reflected. From the perspective of regional cooperation and legal perspective, the lack of consistent definition may lead to the development of non-coherent policies. In practice, it may affect the comprehensive enjoyment of rights or restrictions of rights of diaspora members on countries of origin and destination. And here I want to say some words about our research. The following steps we are planning for the research to analyze the scopes of rights, political, social, and economic rights provided to individuals from the diaspora in their countries of origin, explicitly examining legal identity, documentations, and rights evolving from them. To analyze the good practices for diaspora engagement codified in national legal frameworks and give you consideration to the transnational identity and diaspora communities. The study will be a comparative legal analysis of selected jurisdictions, five countries of origin, and two countries of destination will be selected. And we will review laws, policies, official studies, official statements, and studies. And for the selection of the countries, we set up the following criteria. First, evolving policies that take into consideration the transnational identity. Second, policies, laws that consider the legal identity of diaspora and develop policy from the rights perspective. And the law and policy take into consideration gender mainstreaming. And also data availability and language accessibility will be an additional criteria. We hope that this study will enhance understanding on the transnational links, identities of diaspora communities and will provide a more nuanced understanding for the development of laws and policies that would take into consideration. Thank you for your attention. Thank you again so much, Ms. Abolaleva. I'm so sorry for the interruption of your great presentation. We just wanted to make sure we could see your full screen because the words really matter. There's some really interesting things you're doing in that research. Well, audience, now it's time to turn to questions. I hope that you'll make good use of the chat box. And I've put a couple of starter questions out there to pique your interest. But please feel free to address your questions to any of the speakers. In the session so far, we've traveled from the Americas to Anatolia, to Central Asia and to explore this idea of diversity, inclusion and belonging among diasporas. And I think themes that I heard across the sessions, I think first and foremost, even just starting with the last presentation words and definitions matter. The actual words and definitions of who is the diaspora and what it means to be peoplehood, whether that's diaspora, country of origin or this greater collective, these words matter because they define who's in and who's out. They truly shape the contours, I think, of collective action. So we need to be, I think, very careful how we put these words on paper, whether it be in a law, whether it be in any kind of research paper or any kind of platform. But to think very, very carefully about that if we're trying to strive for diversity, inclusion and belonging. We've also heard from different structural forms of creating diaspora inclusion and belonging and diversity from governments as well as private sector, as well as our citizen sector. These web of networks across sectors are really very critical, both in terms of countries of origin, residents and most importantly, I think, transnationally, holistically, collectively. The role of technology here is key. This transnational out of time and space really sense of belonging that Turkish wind, for example, creates could not be done as easily without really advanced platforms and technology and the work that the government of Mexico, for example, has been putting into place could not be done without the role of that as well. And I love Turkish winds phrase, give the diaspora, give back recipes. So they were not all recreating the wheel that we can readily plug in that political, social, economic capital into where it's most and readily needed. I love the idea of these recipes. So now let's turn to see what we might have in the chats. See if we have any questions that have come out. Oh, of course, Martin Russell is our first question. I was not surprised to see his question here in the chat box first. So he says he has a question for all of the speakers. It seems clear that issues of diversity, inclusion and belonging is emerging as a frame of consideration that can increase its visibility in the foundation and private sector spaces. Also as many major organizations in those sectors address these issues. Do our speakers have any reflections on how we can increase the visibility of diaspora engagement in those areas? How could it be linked to being more flexible in our definition? Any responses from our three speakers on Mr. Russell's question? I can give him my piece of thoughts. Well, what I find with these global organizations, for instance, I'll give the example of Pepsi and company. And for instance, Pepsi is running a program across different countries. And Pepsi is a global organization. Also has a lot of different diasporas. I used to work for Microsoft as a deputy GM and may have 100,000 people working in different countries. So you have Africans, you have Turks, you have Germans, et cetera. In different countries. So what I find, for instance, at Pepsi's work is a way for people to get to know each other around their passion areas. For instance, it's not only diaspora, I think diaspora is the recipient, but I think the STG causes are the vehicles. So in terms of putting this framework of inclusion, the company is trying to create a psychological safe space for employees where they can show what they want, what they're passionate about and they can express themselves. So if I can express myself around my ethnicity and what I would like to do and how I would like to give back. And my ethnicity is not sufficient. So it's a cause for education. It's a cause for gender equality. It's a cause for something else. So the inclusion part drives people to identify what they would like and the vehicles that the companies provide, whether it's rolling out million human mentors program in different countries so that they can also connect the people, the Turks working anywhere else in PepsiCo is a way to go. As long as companies have real psychological safety and real vehicles so that you can connect these different programs, it's again about recipes and employee cannot come up with something unless he or she is a CEO to roll something out. If there are programs where she can propose a program to be adopted, that's when the framework is deployed. Any other comments on that particular question from the floor? We're waiting for additional questions from our audience. Mr. Gutierrez, I wanted to ask you a question. Is it all right? Since I'm here in the United States and the work that I have read about the Mexican diaspora and the great diaspora here in this country, so much of what I have read revolves around the great work of hometown associations. Could you speak a little bit about what the government has been doing with your web of networks to try to link across those hometown associations to sort of raise the collective consciousness and collective action of the Mexican diaspora at sort of higher levels of analysis and engagement? So right now we are working in building the small networks around our consulates. For example, in this, from the sexual diversity, we are looking for organization from the social, the civil society as well, from college, universities or researchers that working in the defense of the rights of these people. So yeah, and well, the consulates are gonna organize these special meetings to share experience about the problems we have in the city. So we found this small network and right now we are building these small networks in all the consulates. Next step is to arrange a meeting with all these small networks to launch the big national network in terms of the diversity or in terms of helping native Mexicans, we use migrants that this is the next we will have this year. Recording in progress. And camaraderie and belongingness in diaspora, but also as sort of an agent of change as a group. Thank you. I had some technical problems. Can you please repeat the question? I'm sorry. I'm wondering if, no problem. I'm wondering if you could tell us a story of how you worked with migrant individuals in small networks to raise their awareness that they were part of a larger group to mobilize them for collective action. Thank you very much. It's a very interesting question. And of course here, if you are, am I correctly understood? Yeah, I refer to my personal experience. Am I correct? Yeah, I came from like sub-region Central Asia where migration and it's like migration is only in it's developing and it's corridors, you know, it's also developing. And the issue of engagement of migrants, it's kind of sensitive in our part of the world because in many cases, migrants from Central Asia to Jikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, they are, when they migrate to another country and they try to hold these links with this country of origin, it's mostly links to the political rights. And because of the political system of countries of Central Asia, it's become sensitive. And from this perspective, the migrants face a lot of problems and maybe you have heard a lot of European courts, human rights courts practice when migrants, they are engaged with political rights and try to affect the political situation in countries of their origin. And then they are like investigated under the trouble between these two countries like Russia and the Jikistan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan, et cetera. So from this perspective, from my personal experience, this issue are evolving and this issue, there is no clear understanding of how we can engage with migrants. Of course, there is some initiatives, they try to engage migrants to the economy, but in order to engage them to the economy, the countries, they need a right political system. Migrants need to be a willingness, they need to have willingness to contribute to the countries of their origin. So it's a quite complicated issue, but thank you that you asked this question. And I think someday we can also bring this lens to the subregions like where migration is like a kind of evolving issue. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. And I see Ms. Palukonak, you have your hand raised. Please go ahead. Yes, we can ask, what are the ways in which diaspora engagement can contribute to diversity, equity, inclusion in SDGs? So I want to get going on that front. Well, if I'm passionate, if I'm a business leader or an NGO leader, if I'm passionate about gender equity or climate change or any other SDG, I have an experience in the country where I am. I may be a Turkish person living in the US, Germany or somewhere else. And my experience is different than solving that problem in Turkey, but that even brings diversity of solutions, diversity of opinions, diversity of experiences. So if the governments or policymakers are pulling diaspora around certain SDG challenges, so it's very focused networking as opposed to a general question, very quickly you find the people who are mad about this problem and who are doing so much about it. So it doesn't take a very long time in each country to find the academic, the NGO leader, business leader who is passionate and is in the trenches of solving these problems. And if the network on such a defined subject then we can harvest the people and their knowledge from the diaspora. And if I'm passionate, if I live and breathe for it in my, wherever I am, I'm so happy to do the brain exchange. So I would really encourage for all of the SDGs to have different task forces and to map out the networks and to bring these people together because they will also love to meet each other. Not only about their ethnicity, but also around what they live for, for their sense of purpose. So that would be my two cents on that question. Thank you so much. Any other comments from our other panelists about how diasporas could contribute to diversity, inclusion and belonging related to the SDGs, Global Compact on Migration and other larger global initiatives? Any other comments on that from our other panelists? Yes, please, Mr. Gutierrez. In my presentation, I was talking about this program that we have launched at the level of consular of entrepreneurship for women in conjunction with the University of Arizona. And initially, we were looking to empower and support, especially in financial independence, to migrant women, single mothers, women victims of family violence from the most protected sectors of Mexican migration, especially from undocumented people in Arizona. From there, we have been inviting different communities in the United States. But suddenly, we began to see similar problems in other parts of the world, like in Europe, of Mexican women who migrated, married to different countries, and that due to the visa they have of wives, they can't work, and we faced many problems of violence, especially when they have children, that their children are European nations, women can't return to Mexico because they can't travel with their children, and they can't work. So we have been developing these tools to help them to become independent, to have enough money and to be able to stay in the country where their children live, and to stop depending on the violent male. So we have been identifying different needs of Mexican diasporas in the world, that have transversal issues and that coincide with the violence, the dependence, and the need for women empowerment in any part of the world. That's why we are launching a global call for this program of entrepreneurship, and the Arizona University and other organizations are supporting us. But there, for example, we have also been able to develop diaspora qualified in many of the consular institutions, especially in Mexico and the United States. We have the support of businessmen, Mexican migrants, organizations such as Spanish trade cameras in the United States, which are approaching to strengthen this program and they start giving us computers, they start offering micro-credits. We believe this is going to be a program with a lot of potential to support the migrant women in the world. Thank you. Thank you very much for that comment. Yes, I think you all have given excellent examples of how diaspora communities, diaspora leaders and governments can create structures, processes, and goals really that create more of a sense of identity and belonging within the diaspora. We have a great question here though in the chat box around what do you consider needs to be done from the diaspora's perspective to basically have diasporas advocate for a greater sense of belonging inclusion within countries of residence among the diaspora itself, but also within their country of residence. So how can diasporas work to create and advocate for more inclusion of their own within countries of residence? I will go with a philosophy. You are included or you're in the conversation if you are relevant, if you have something to say. So we have to be able to relevant and have something to say as the diaspora people in the country and find relevant places. So it's again, for instance, if you are passionate about technology being in technology circles and being relevant to the conversation there, just showing up and being who you are is not relevant anymore. We have to be relevant and strategic with the ways we represent our country because me being Turkish doesn't matter. Me being a Turkish social entrepreneurship circles matters and I am representing something that is relevant and that's part of the conversation. So we have to be relevant and strategic in our communication wherever we are and we have to engage the youth which has a lot more in common for the older people. And I think until Generation Z, we have a tough time. I think very difficult for us. Or for the Z generation and onwards, it's gonna be very different. They are coming very inclusive anyhow. So this is 20, 30 years we're gonna pass, we're gonna wait it out, then it's gonna, everything is gonna solve themselves because they come wired differently. Thank God. So until Generation Z comes to power, they come very inclusive and they don't otherwise the way our generations do. We are gonna keep the gates open, do the work and be relevant. Thank you. Any other comments from panelists on that? Yes, Mr. Gutierrez, please. Well, I also have to identify problems in communities and face them in the perspective of participation in all of them. For example, in the United States, we can't only talk about the Mexican migration. We have to talk about the, once the United States is residing, they stop being Mexicans and they are part of the Hispanic community of that country. Mexicans constitute 73% of the Hispanic community in the United States. If we don't face the problem in a group with governments, for example, of Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, when the problems of the people in the United States are so similar, we won't be able to advance much. We won't be able to have dialogue with local authorities. An example of this during the pandemic, in which we were concerned about how we can access the vaccines for our migrants, it was precisely the approach with local authorities that opened the space for us to be able to have vaccines. But, on the other hand, the consulates in Mexico opened their doors so that any person of any nationality could have access to the vaccine. In our consulates, we had a constant flow of Latin American and Latin American and other nationalities. The community integration of Hispanics to the transversal level and attending all the problems in a group gives greater power to the voice and gives greater interlocution to the authorities. I think it's a step that we have to continue to strengthen together with the entire region in our country. Beautifully said, beautifully said, hand in hand. Any other comments on this before we turn to the next question? Mr. Duleva, please. Thank you. Just to maybe continue the conversation and what already Mellik mentioned, that it may be simple, but it's important that from the legal perspective, in order for providing the ground for the Aspera to engage with the locals, we need this legal framework. We need right definitions and definitions we need to consider how to elaborate these definitions to address all these needs and transitional identities and rights of migrants in countries of origin and destination. So it's simple, but it's the first step and I just wanted to note it again. Thank you. Well, we're coming close to the close, but we have had such a great fortune to learn from you as leaders in this movement. And I'm wondering if you could give us a two-minute sort of summary of recommendations that you have for diaspora leaders, particularly those of the younger generation. What recommendations, what experiences, what skills do you think the next generation of diaspora leaders need to successfully make progress on the goals we're talking about today? Diversity, inclusion, and belongingness. Ms. Abdul-Avis, since you're on screen, would you like to go first? Can I have a bit of time to reflect on the question? Sure. Anybody else ready to give recommendations? I'm ready. I'm ready. Yes, yes, yes. I'm feeling the work. Go ahead. Well, I think the next generation is ready. It's their time. We just need to set the foundations for them. They have the skills. They have the right attitude. They're inclusive. It's us not including the young people next generation in the solution set. They are usually in the problems that the way we approach the diaspora question or the frameworks. So I really think they have the skills. They have the platforms. And they know how to be inclusive. And we have to set the foundations and make sure we don't leave too much of a baggage for them to clean up. So we have to clean up after ourselves and give them a clean slate. I think this is what we can do. I fully trust them. I know they know how to communicate. It's going to be a different era of connectivity. And they will bring this global community as to feeling the community of one. So I'm very confident about that. So the way we have run this is we are trying to act like them and work with them, act like them and be inclusive. Be inclusive and listen and include anybody who wants to give an idea of resources or ways of doing things in a more networked way. Thank you. Any other comments? Yes, please, Mr. Gutierrez. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. any other comments about the next generation of leaders in diaspora and what they need. One of our commenters in the chat box had an interesting observation mentioning how difficult it is to do the work of diaspora being inclusive, being and creating a sense of belonging when so many diaspora workers that are forging ahead and advocating for this are doing so unpaid while they actually have other day jobs and life and family responsibilities. And I think it's very important to recognize that a lot of the very hard work that is done in this space is done out of true passion on that extra fuel. I always say Martin Russell and I were talking this morning about how the diaspora never sleeps. And in large part that is because of their very deep passion to make and build a different world for their children and for the next generation. Well, unfortunately, we've come to the close of this very captivating session. I wanna give my deep thanks to the government of Mexico for supporting this session. Thank you to Ms. Polutkanak as well for your inspiring keynote address and Ms. Abduleva for your insightful remarks. Most of all, thanks to our thoughtful audience for sharing your experiences and insights. May all of the sessions in this conference be as good as this one. I think our main takeaways here have been if we want to create belonging in the world, then we need as those advocating for diasporas and within diasporas, we need to be inclusive as well. Bringing the public, citizen and private sector together with multilateral organizations, leveraging technology and really drawing in that generation Z where hopefully the next generation with our efforts will create a very new world based on greater senses of belonging. Thank you all so much for joining us today.