 Extracellular vesicles, EVs, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are small lipid bilayers that are released from most cell types and contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They have been shown to be involved in intercellular communication and have been used to treat infectious diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, MSCEVS, for treating infectious diseases. MSCEVS can produce antimicrobial substances, inhibit pathogen multiplication, and activate macrophages to fight off infection. Additionally, they can also carry signaling molecules and DNA to protect infected pathogens from immune attack. EVs play a critical role in infectious disease pathogenesis and hold great promise for developing novel treatments. This article was authored by Tasaduk Manzu, Afnan Salim, Nida Faruk, and others.