 to present to you the results of our research on Bronze Age Oaths carried out in the region of Salin-les-Bains in Franche-Conthé in eastern France. Salin is located in a steep head valley created by the Furious River. It is an important crossing point between the plain of the soul and the Swiss plateaus. The exploitation of cell springs have also been a factor of dynamism of this region during the end of the prehistoric period, and the sector is occupied by several ill-tops settlements during the Neolithic and the early Bronze Age. But the Conduchateau is the only one ill-tops settlement occupied during the transition from the middle to the late Bronze Age in this region, so it certainly controlled the world sector in this time. Completing the study of the site, field surveys have been realized with metal detectors since the beginning of the 2000s as systematically as possible in a legal framework and under scientific control. These are orders to study the roads in exceptionally good conditions. Since we have precise information on the topographic environment of the pines, there are most of the positions, their composition, and their regional distribution. Actually, 63 roads were discovered spread very broadly around the Conduchateau, which is it. Most of them did from its main phase of occupation. It is to say the end of the middle Bronze Age and the first phase of the late Bronze Age. There are several arguments in favor of a symbolic interpretation of these roads, rather than of an economic one. Even if some roads could be considered as small metal stocks, but of no more than 9 kilo-quant, which is very little, many of them are extremely small. You can see 21 quants only and could not be identified as stocks nor as treasures. We can observe a possible intention to personalize these assemblages by adding some objects that may represent an individual. Beside the foundry series of cycles and of exists, there are often a weapon, a tool, some small ornaments that could represent a person. Some of the road-containing jollways are quite prestigious, as we can see for this gold ore of Protin. Some ores also contain symbolic objects as these representations of ducks that are known to belong to the mythology of the Bronze Age. Finally, the Bronze Age people spend a lot of time fragmenting and deforming the objects carefully, which could be a way to make them unusable in order to change their value and to consecrate them. There is also symbolism in the gesture of the deposition itself. For the pins of the old one of Boa Boa, it corresponds to a real-stage setting. Two identical pins folded in the same way, stuck into the ground side by side, the head on the tip down between two prominent blocks. Great care has also been taken to stick the objects of the ore of Cezne in a rock vault, perhaps giving this gesture a ritual character. So it's also interesting that the objects were discovered most often scattered on some square meters, and they were buried at a very shallow depth. Sometimes they even slipped on the floor. It is as if they were not really buried, but rather thrown away, or if they had fallen from a high stand, now it is appeared, maybe a tree or a wooden structure. They were also often deposited in symbolic places, close to easily identifiable natural elements of the landscape, large works like this, standing stones, clusters of blocks. Several holes were deposited on the Mont-Coupére or as its foot, which dominates the wall area and from which even the Mont Blanc can be seen on a clear day, which must have had an impact on the minds of the bondage people. Its presence is very impressive, it is a long mark. The location of the ore seems to have been chosen in a very precise way, taking into consideration not only their immediate environment, but also their position in the landscape. The places chosen in the topography are very particular, edges of plateaus, ridge lines, cornices, slope breaks. It is observed quite clearly on the topographic map of the site, as you can see the holes on the topographic lines. We chose to test the visibility of the places supporting from the various elements constituting the cultural and social landscape of the sector. These analyses were performed in a tree-high house with a 25-meter resolution digital division model. We first tested the visibility between the places of ores. Indeed, thanks to the topographic choices made, it is possible to see a large number of over-places of ores from each of them. As you can see for the ores 14 of Coutin, a lot of ores are in its area of visibility, and it's the same for the ores of Celsne. First, we see the existence of a real network of visible relationships that interconnect the different areas of Oredin surrounding the Conduciateau and the valley. It can also be seen that the deposition sites around Salin are almost visible, all visible from both the Montpoupet and the Conduciateau. It's the dark green areas here. There is also a very complex network of visual relations between the roads and the different hilltops, which have the most important elements of the social and cultural landscape. The Montpoupet, which due to its dominant position had to exert a strong impact on the minds of the inhabitants of the valley. The Conduciateau, where important people have certainly exercised a social and economic control of the valley, but also the older hilltops that probably retained a role in the historical and cultural landscape. Yet this system of visual canva does not concern every road. Indeed, several in the south and in the north, especially beyond the Poupet, do not have a direct relationship with the Conduciateau. They are differently oriented, as you can see for the road of Ores, which is turned towards the south. The center of Hannover functioning, valley roads near the Conduciateau. Perhaps some of them could be related to the another site, perhaps the site of Ische. The roads integrated into this network, visually religious, could therefore belong to the same territory, probably that of the Conduciateau. Identifying those who were surely connected with it, and those who would be excluded, we can then propose an estimation and an approximate delimitation for the territory of the Conduciateau, which would be about 8 per 12 kilometers. But that's not all. The roads were made voluntary on topographical limits like quests and consequently on limits of visibility. Most of them are found in the first or the last five percent of the visible surfaces, rather further away than just on the borders. The roads are not simply distributed all around Salin, invisible places from the Conduciateau. They were especially placed along the main lines delimiting the visible spaces and structuring the landscape, the yellow lines here, and the red dots at the border. We will take a tour of the panorama to better understand the perspective seen from the Conduciateau. Here is the Conduciateau. We'll go on the top. You can see the age of the element of 17 oz along the age of the Preta Plateau. There's another cluster of oz along the lines here, and here, here, here, and so on. With us, it's not the good coincidence between the position of the oz and these lines to structuring the landscape, as it's in from the point of view from the Conduciateau. It's very likely that these visual borders imposed by the landscape delimited the territory controlled by the inhabitants of the Conduciateau on the margin of the Le Bonsage. Oz could therefore be the result of recurrent ritualist practices that could have a second objective, that of marking the landscape, and especially the limits of the territory, and perhaps to co-secrate them to circularize this territory. If we follow this hypothesis, this observation leads us to propose here a fairly precise modeling of this territory, with a total area of about 4,400 hectares. This example gives an idea of what could be the extent of the territory controlled by a field of settlement in the Bonsage. By implanting oz as sculptural markers on the perimeter of the territory, the Bonsage communities have appropriated the landscape. They marked it because it was for them, as mentioned, everyone to live by the social space. I thank you for your attention.