 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss a very interesting question that whether gender and biology are the natural differences or these are socially constructed. Biological differences between males and females do exist, but they are often overemphasized and used to justify the gender inequality and stereotypes. When we talk about the biological differences between males and females, obviously these biological differences are natural differences. There is no human choice on these differences. But the proponents of feminism or gender studies in their opinion, these biological differences are the same when they come into the society, into the socialization process, then they become inherent inequalities. Because of this, one gender gets fociate on the other gender. But the question is whether the system of gender equality or gender equality can be determined by your biological features? Or there will be some social causes behind it. In Pakistan, for example, traditional gender roles often emphasize the importance of these biological differences in defining different gender roles and expectations. So, the Pakistani society also attributes these gender roles because of biological features that the role of a mother will be different from the role of a father. Because males and females are two different biological entities, that is why the division of labor will be based on their biological features. So, the mother can have a child, that is why the role of a mother will be in the house, the role of the housekeeper, and the father will be independently or relatively independently engaged in economic activity and will perform his role outside the house. However, the ways in which biology and gender intersect are complex and socially constructed and cannot be reduced simply to biological or biologically determined differences. And the study of gender and biology requires a multidisciplinary approach incorporating the perspectives from sociology, biology, psychology, and anthropology. So, the debate is whether biological construction is or social construction is. There are many opinions of different people on this. But the thing to see is that in your society, how is it understood that whether people do consider that based on the biological characteristics, the roles of the division of labor should be determined for each of the sex. Or on the other hand, people do realize that since biological characters cannot determine our social characteristics. So, we can decide based on certain different social classifications, so it is a food for thought for you to understand this phenomenon in our society.