 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. The list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. Here is the first news article. This news article states that Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved changes to post-matrix scholarship scheme for students from the scheduled castes. The scheme is also going to include a new funding pattern of 60 to 40 ratio for center and states respectively. The scheme also provides a financial assistance to the students from scheduled castes who are studying at post-matriculation or post-secondary stage to complete their education. So, this is what today's news article says. So, let us take up this opportunity to see some of the important constitutional safeguards for the persons belonging to scheduled castes. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See, as per Article 46, which is Directive Principles of State Policy, the Constitution asks the state to promote the educational and economic interests of weaker sections of the people with special care. In particular, the state shall promote the educational and economic interests of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. So, this is what Article 46 says. Now, let us see some of the social safeguards under the Constitution. Firstly, the Constitution abolishes untouchability in all forms. So, any person who practices, who preaches or causes untouchability shall be punishable according to the law. So, in connection to this article, two important legislations were enacted. First one, obviously, Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, and other is, Scheduled Cost and Scheduled Tribe Act of 1989 are popularly called as Prevention of Atrocities Act. Further, Article 23, that is Fundamental Right, prohibits traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar forms of forced labour. Here, beggar means forced labour. So, anyone who practices or indulges in trafficking or forced labour will be punished. This article has a special significance to persons belonging to scheduled cost, mainly because as majority of the bonded labour are from the depressed sections which are scheduled cost and scheduled tribe. In this regard, the parliament has enacted Bonded Labour System Abolition Act in 1976, which provides for abolition of bonded labour system to prevent economic as well as physical exploitation of weaker sections of people. Further, Article 25, that is Religious Freedom states that Hindu religious institutions of public character shall be open to all classes and sections of Hindus. This provision is relevant as some sects of Hindus used to claim that members belonging to scheduled cost or scheduled tribe have no right to enter the temples. Therefore, this provision from the constitution acts as a vital safeguard for the persons from scheduled cost to exercise their religious, social and spiritual rights. Simply put, all the temples of public character are thrown open to all sects of Hindus. If you are studying history, you might be knowing about temple entry movements. We have something called SNDP movement in Kerala. Even Mahatma Gandhi ji during Harijan movement have led many temple entry movements to open the Hindu temples for scheduled cost and scheduled tribe people. Coming to political safeguards, Article 330 provides for reservation of seats for scheduled cost and scheduled tribes in Lok Sabha. Because of this safeguard, more than 80 seats have been reserved for scheduled cost people in Lok Sabha. Similarly, Article 332 provides for reservation of seats in state legislative assemblies. Accordingly, Article 243 also provides for reservation of seats for persons of scheduled cost in Panchayat and Munspaldi, that is local governments. And coming to educational safeguards, Article 15 becomes relevant here. It states that state can make special provisions for the advancement of scheduled cost. This is in relation to admission to educational institutions including private bodies, whether aided or unaided by the state. So, we will conclude this article after discussing the significance of Pune Act. Yes, we are going to history here. See, Pune Act is regarding the political rights for the persons belonging to scheduled cost. So, in this regard, we need to know about the communal award of British, which was announced by the then Prime Minister Ramseh McDonald in August 1932. This award declared that depressed classes to be a minority community which are entitled for separate electorate. The term depressed classes may refer to scheduled cost people. See, we all know what is separate electorate, which means election of persons of depressed classes by depressed classes only. It means if a seat is reserved for depressed classes and if one person from depressed class stands in the election, in that constituency only scheduled cost people can vote, other people cannot vote. So, this move of British was completely opposed by Gandhiji as he saw this as an attempt to divide Hindus as an attack on Indian unity and nationalism. See, we all know that British is known for divide and rule policy. And this communal award also do not provide any answers to socially degraded position of depressed classes. Why? This is because once they are to be treated as separate community, that is minority community, the question of abolishing untouchability would not arise and the work of social reform would also come to a halt. Simply put, when you are classifying depressed classes as a separate community, the untouchability will continue. So, Gandhiji demanded that the representatives of depressed classes should be elected by general electorate, which means when a person belonging to depressed class stands in the election, all the people of constituency including non-depressed classes will also vote for the candidate. This is what we saw in the current day period also. Some seats are reserved for scheduled cars, scheduled drive. Even in that constituency, all the people, that is what we call as general electorate, will vote. So, Gandhiji went too fast and to death to enforce his demand. So, political leaders of different parties have asked Ambedkar to meet Gandhiji and have an agreement. The resulting agreement is Pune pact. The important leaders in the Pune pact were Ambedkar, Madan Mohan Malaviya and M.C. Raja. As per the Pune pact, the idea of separate electorates for the depressed classes was abandoned. The Pune pact also increased the seats reserved from them in provincial legislatures from 71 to 147. In the Central Legislature, that is the then parliament kind of thing, the pact provided for reservation of 18% of total seats. So, the seats both in Central Legislature as well as in provinces were increased. So, this is about the Pune pact, which on one hand politically empowered the depressed classes. On the other side, it kept Indian unity and nationalism intact. This pact holds relevance for the political affirmative action for scheduled caste, guaranteed by the Indian constitution. But even this pact also criticized by some people, because the caste Hindus or so called upper caste people, nominate people belonging to scheduled caste scheduled tribe who are obedient to them. So, as a result, even though reservation is being provided for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people, they argue that the political leaders of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe have become puppets in the hands of upper caste masters. This is some kind of criticism and valid up to some extent. So, this is all about the discussion of this news article. We had a very comprehensive view of scheduled caste and how constitution is protecting the interests of scheduled caste people. We try to cover almost all the things regarding scheduled caste people. If we have missed any, please post them in the comment section. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article which talks about a repetition filed by Tamil Nadu's political party in the Madras High Court. The petition challenges a decision taken by the Election Commission of India to permit voters aged over 80 physically challenged persons and those who under quarantine to opt for postal ballots. So, the petitioner alleges that creating a new class of postal ballots might pay away for malpractices. So, in this context, let us have a brief understanding on what is postal ballot system in India. First, what is postal voting? See, only a restricted set of voters can exercise postal voting. Through this facility, a voter can cast her vote remotely by recording her preference on the ballot paper and sending it back to the election officer before counting. So, who can avail this facility? First is service voters. See, a service voter is a voter having a service qualification, which means members of armed forces like army, navy, air force, members of armed police force of a state who are serving outside the state and government employees posted outside India and their spouses. Also, special voters such as president of India, vice president, governors, cabinet ministers, speaker of the house and government officers on poll duty have the option to vote by post, which means every person who wishes cannot use the postal ballot system. And as recently in 2019, Election Commission has given postal ballot facilities for absentee voters of essential services, senior citizens of more than 80 years. So, persons belonging to service voters category, special voters category, as well as absentee voters can use postal ballot system. Now, let us see how this postal ballot system works. See, the postal ballot papers to the eligible voters are sent by the returning officer. This is done after printing the ballot for each and every voter of the constituency who are eligible to cast postal ballot. So, after they are printed, they are sent to the concerned person. After receiving it, the voter can mark her preference with a tick mark or a cross mark against the candidate's name. And they also have to fill up a duly attested declaration that they have marked the ballot paper. The ballot paper and declaration are then placed in a cover and sent back to the returning officer before the prescribed time limit. Now, the shortcomings of this postal ballot system is, it takes a lot of time, lot of resources, lot of efforts, thereby increasing the chance of mistake. But to overcome these problems, a new system called electronically transmitted postal ballot system was brought. ETPBS, that is electronically transmitted postal ballot system, is a one-way electronic transmission of postal ballots. See, in the previous case, the returning officer will print the postal ballots and he will send it to voters. The voters will mark the choice and they will send back to the returning officer. So, now what happens is, the voter can directly download his ballot paper from the online and he can fill his preference and can send it to the returning officer. So, thereby removing one set of transport process. So, this complete process is secured by a way of multiple checks and transmission protocol. Upon receipt of postal ballot, the returning officer validates the receipt by a series of QR codes with that of the transmitted system. So, after having all the checks, the vote will be counted. So, this is in brief about postal ballot system, wherein the persons without visiting the voting centre can vote for their desired candidate. This is all about the discussion of this news article, wherein we have talked about what is a postal ballot and how it works and what are the recent changes like electronic system. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article. See, we have heard about the shortfall in revenue collection of GST in the last 6 to 8 months due to COVID-19. We have also talked about the issues regarding compensation payable to states. So, what happened was previously the GST council had estimated the shortfall in GST compensation payable to states to be around 2.35 lakh crores. And if you remember, centre also gave two options to states to make this shortfall. But most of the states have rejected these two options. We will see what are the two options again in today's session. And coming to today's news, it says that National Institute for Public Finance and Policy have released a new research paper. According to it, the estimated shortfall of GST compensation will be around 1.95 lakh crores in the best case and in the worst case, it will be around 2.45 lakh crores. So, it means that if economy rebounds and GST collections also increase, then the shortfall in compensation will be as low as 1.95 lakh crores. If the collections of GST won't rise, then the shortfall will be around 2.45 lakh crores. This has been said by National Institute for Public Finance and Policy, which is a premier research institute in public economies and policies. So, this body was set up as an autonomous body as the joint initiative of Ministry of Finance and the Earth Well Planning Commission, several state governments and distinguished academicians. And know that it is not a statutory body. It is registered under Society's Registration Act of 1860. So, this is today's news. So, this research paper titled The Pandemic and GST Revenue and Assessment for Union and States says that revenue gap in state GST collections is expected to vary between 2.8 lakh crores and 3.27 lakh crores. Numbers are not important. GST compensation says collection will be between 82,000 crores and 90,000 crores. So, if you do the math here, shortfall in GST compensation will vary from 1.95 lakh crores to 2.45 lakh crores. So, this is what the research paper says. So, in today's discussion, we'll have a brief idea on what is GST, what is GST compensation, etc. in detail to benefit new aspirants. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See, basically in any country, government taxes the people in form of direct taxes and indirect taxes to run the administration. If you see indirect taxes, the GST Act was passed in parliament as 101st Constitutional Amendment Act of 2016. So, this Act which came into force in 2017 has subsumed most of the indirect taxes concerned with supply of goods and services. So, for example, previously we had service tax, excise tax. So, these kind of majority of taxes were subsumed under GST. For the Article 279, A provides for constituting a GST Council. So, members of this Council are Union Finance Minister, who is the Chairperson, Union Minister of State in Charge of Revenue or Finance and the Minister in Charge of Finance or Taxation or any other Minister nominated by State Government. So, Union Finance Minister and Union Minister of State in Charge of Revenue or Finance are the representatives of Central Government and the Finance Ministers of each State will represent their State in the GST Council. So, this body is tasked with the duties to make important decisions and changes in GST. So, this includes determining the tax rate under GST, tax exemption rules, the due date of submitting GST forms, tax laws, deadlines, special exemptions, etc. So, simply put, all the issues regarding GST will be taken care by GST Council. In this Council, one-third of power is with Centre, while two-thirds of votes are with State Governments. It means 33% is with Centre, 67% is with States. But, to make any change in any policy or to bring a new policy, minimum votes required are 75%. So, even if all States come together, they cannot make a policy change without the support of Central Government. But, Central Government with support of few States can bring any policy change. So, this is very important here. And coming to compensation, payable to States, firstly, what is GST compensation? See, after the adoption of GST, States had to see it almost all their powers to impose local level indirect taxes because all these kind of taxes were subsumed under GST. In addition, GST is a destination-based tax, which means tax is payable at the final point of its sale. So, States which are producing a lot like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu are going to lose because of implementation of GST. So, initially they were reluctant to agree to the proposal of GST implementation before 2017. So, to make them agree to the new proposal of GST, Central Government has promised something called GST compensation. So, this provision is to compensate the States for loss of revenue arising out of implementation of GST. It says that Parliament shall on the recommendation of GST Council provide for the compensation to the States for loss of revenue arising on account of implementation of GST for a period of 5 years. So, here we can understand that it is Parliament which provides compensation on the recommendations of GST Council. And according to the current GST Compensation Act, States will get compensation up to 5 years that is up to 2022. So, for this purpose a GST compensation fund was created and this fund will get money through a compensation says, which is levied on de-merit goods or services. And as we said before, GST compensation says will be collected for 5 years that is 2022 and accordingly the payments received into compensation says will be paid to States which are losing the revenue because of GST implementation. And the method of computation of the compensation is given in the GST Compensation Act itself. Here, you should note that 101st Constitutional Amendment Act provides for implementation of GST. But to pay compensation to States a new Act was brought which is called GST Compensation to States Act 2017. Hope you are understanding. For implementation we brought a Constitutional Amendment for compensation we just brought a Parliamentary Act. So this calculation of compensation to each State will be done annually by assuming that growth rate will be 14%. For example, if Tamil Nadu collects 100 rupees this year as GST revenue, next year it will be calculated as 114 rupees that is projected revenue. So for all this purpose States tax revenue as of financial year 2016 will be considered as base year. Why 2016? Because from 2017 we started GST. So the preceding year of GST implementation is taken as base year. So if Tamil Nadu had collected 100 rupees in 2016, it is expected that Tamil Nadu will collect 114 rupees in 2017. So every year the growth rate will be 14% of previous year. So this is what we call projected revenue. But actual revenue means how much really Tamil Nadu has collected in form of GST collections. So for example in 2017 if Tamil Nadu has collected only 110 rupees the shortfall is 114 minus 110 which is 4 rupees which will be payable by central government to Tamil Nadu. That is called compensation. So this compensation will be calculated for 5 years that is until 2022. So these are the basic details regarding GST GST compensation and how compensation is calculated. And as we said at the beginning there is a shortfall in collections of GST compensation. So central government is saying that we did not get enough money in form of compensation says to compensation fund so we are unable to pay money to states. So the shortfall was around 2.3 lakh crores. And even central government gave two options to states to meet the shortfall in GST collection for the current financial year that is 2020-2021. So under option 1 states and UTs will get the facility of a special window for borrowings to meet the shortfall arising out of GST implementation. So in option 1 out of 2.35 lakh crores central government is saying that only 97000 crores can be attributed to implementation of GST. Remaining 1.38 lakh crores shortfall is due to COVID-19 which is act of God. So central government is not going to take responsibility for remaining 1.38 lakh crores. So under option 1 states can directly borrow the shortfall that is 97000 crores money from RBI. And if you come to second option the entire gap of 2.35 lakh crore rupees can be met by borrowing by the states in consultation with RBI. So in first option states will borrow only 97000 crores. In second option states will borrow around 2.35 lakh crores. In first option states are not supposed to pay either principal amount or interest amount. To pay the amount in first option the SES arrangement will be extended beyond the transition period and money will be paid from SES only. In the second option the principal amount 2.35 lakh crores will be paid from SES. But interest of this amount should be paid by states only. If you see in both the options it is states who has to borrow money. States rejected both the option saying that we will not borrow money it is the center which should borrow money and pay to states. So this was the issue regarding GST compensation payable to states. But now most of the states and UTs have decided to go for the first option wherein they will borrow 97000 crores for which states are not liable to pay either principal or interest. So this is all about the GST compensation issue. We have tried to have a very comprehensive coverage on this topic mainly to benefit new aspirants who are aiming for next year. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article which says that 5 members of German parliament have written to German Development Bank expressing their concern over financing the construction of an integrated storm water drain network along the east coast road of Chennai. So the German Development Bank is funding this project so the members of German parliament have expressed their concern to the development bank that this project did not have necessary approval or social and environmental impact assessment which means this project is not assessed whether it is harmful for environment. So the project was ecologically unnecessary and could endanger the breeding grounds of olive ridley turtle. So let us briefly see what is environment impact assessment. This particular discussion is for new aspirants who are aiming for coming prelims. So what is environment impact assessment. See it is a tool used to identify environmental, social and economic impacts of project prior to decision making. So even before the project is given clearance we will assess the impacts of such developmental projects in the environment perspective. So the aim of EIA is to predict environmental impacts at an early stage, find ways to reduce adverse impacts and shape the projects taking the local environment in mind. So the basic idea behind EIA is precautionary principle. So we are taking precautions even before some damage happens to environment. In case of India EIA is backed by environment protection act of 1986 which contains provisions regarding environment impact assessment. So current EIA notification in India is environment impact assessment notification of 2006. So this notification has categorized the developmental projects into two categories, Category A and Category B. Category A are apprised at national level that is union level while Category B are decentralized to states. So generally there are four stages of environment impact assessment which are screening, scoping, public consultation and appriser. Screening means checking whether the project requires environment impact assessment or not. Category A projects mandatory need EIA so screening is not done. Uncommon to Category B projects once if a project is categorized as B1, environment impact assessment is required. For projects categorized as B2, environment impact assessment is not required. Second stage is scoping. So in this stage the concerned appriser committee will determine the detailed and comprehensive terms of reference to address all relevant environmental concerns of the project. Scoping may also include a site visit by a subgroup of appropriate appriser committee and next stage is public consultation. So this stage involves consultation with affected persons of proposed project or activity. The consultation will be on the effects of project on the affected persons. So public consultation is generally required for all Category A and Category B1 projects with some exceptions. So in this stage the public opinion is taken. Coming to last stage which is appriser. So in this stage there will be overall and detailed scrutiny of final EIA report which is presented to environment appriser committee or state expert appriser committee. So at this stage the concerned expert appriser committee shortly EAC considers the environmental aspects of the project. After this the committee may exit recommendations to regulatory authority whether environmental clearance could be given or not. So these are the basic details of environment impact assessment. We should remember the four stages screening, scoping, public consultation and appriser and also remember that the projects are classified into Category A and Category B. Category A are apprised at national level. Category B are apprised at state level. And if you remember recently the union government the union government has brought in a draft EIA notification that is draft EIA 2020. There are a lot of concerns regarding the new draft because the new draft notification dilutes or relaxes many stringent provisions required for strict environment impact assessment. For example it reduces the public consultation time. Additionally after getting the environmental clearance the companies have to submit a compliance report every six months. The new draft increases the time period for compliance to one year. So previously companies has to give two compliance reports in a year. Now it has been reduced to only one. So it benefits the companies. Further the central government can classify certain projects as strategic. So once they are classified as strategic the EIA is not required or the details regarding EIA will not be kept in public domain. So these are the different issues with the draft EIA. We have already covered the draft EIA in multiple videos in the past. Have a look over them if you need more clarity regarding the new draft. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article which states that Tamil Nadu government has given permission for the traditional bullfighting festival which is called Jellikattu to be held across the state during the Pongal festival. The government also gave standard operating procedures to conduct the festival during COVID-19. So in this regard let us see what is Jellikattu and why many animal welfare bodies are opposing it. See basically Jellikattu is a sport conducted as a part of Mato Pongal. That is third day of Pongal festival. In Andhra it is called as Kanuma. So on the third day this festival is organized. And if you see this Mato means bull in Tamil. So this entire day of the festival is dedicated to cattle. The other names of Jellikattu are also given here like Eru Talavuthal, Manjivirathu, Vada Mahadu etc. See in this sport requires fighters to pounce on a running bull, try to hold on it to its hump and move along the animal without falling or getting hurt. As you can see in this picture this is how Jellikattu is organized. Now let us see what are the issues associated with Jellikattu. See bull owners resort to practices such as beating, kicking, even prodding the bulls and twisting and biting their tails and at some times even putting chili powder into their noses to instigate them so that they can win. So this kind of things violates prevention of reality act which says that unacceptable behaviors such as beats, kicks, overrides, overdrives, tortures etc. to any animal is prohibited. And also animals must not be used for human comfort as we must progress from anthropocentric laws to that is human-centric laws to nature's centric laws which include animals as well. And if you remember in 2014 Supreme Court even banned the Jellikattu as it violates Article 21 which is right to life and personal liberty. Supreme Court opined that Article 21 also includes animals because animals do have life. Also many animal activists feel Jellikattu as a sport is inherently cruel and has been proved by evidence submitted by Animal Welfare Board of India. And even in some cases during the Jellikattu the bulls will be so frightened that in desperation they jump off barriers which even resulted in fatal injuries. So simply we can say that according to Animal Welfare is Jellikattu is causing lot of harm to bulls and cattle. But due to lot of people's protests Tamil Nadu government has passed an amendment to prevention of cruelty act which received the center of president and so the Jellikattu has become legal again in the country. And since 2017 the Jellikattu is being organized in the state of Tamil Nadu. As we have just seen why people are opposing it there are even people who support the sport of Jellikattu. They argue that all the allegations made by Animal Welfare Board are false and Jellikattu should be conducted every year. See Jellikattu is a way through which farmers find the strength of their bulls show their love for their cattle and how well they have looked after them and a chance to find out the most potent bull to mate their cows. If you see in rural Tamil Nadu the bull is a member of family and traditional people argue that there is no way that these people who consider bull as a family will do anything to hurt it. So some people even argue that the bull taming or bull races is not due to country. There are even evidences dating as back as 2000 years. For example a seal which was recovered from Indus Valley civilization depicted a similar kind of practice wherein a man is shown taming the bull. There are even cave paintings which depict a man again taming the bull around 2500 years ago. And if you come to age old Tamil text books like Sela Padikaram there are references to people enjoying, witnessing and participating in Jallikattu. So this is all about the Jallikattu. One side animal welfare activists are arguing that this is cruelty. But on the other side the traditional people are arguing that this is their culture and it is their right to protect the culture under Article 29 of Indian Constitution which says that any section of citizens residing in the country having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same. And at the moment even Supreme Court is referring to this argument. So we have to wait and see what Supreme Court has to say in this. And bull festivals are not limited to Tamil Nadu we have something called Kambala in Karnataka which is a buffalo race held annually in the coastal districts of Karnataka and even bullock cart races in Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh are also seen as part of their culture. In addition to this there is something called cock fighting which is predominant in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. So these are all part of traditional culture for hundreds and thousands of years. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we have talked about what is Jallikattu what are the arguments for and against for organizing the sport every year and also similar events across the India. Let us move on to next news article discussion. We have arrived at the last part of today's video that is practice questions discussion session. Question one with reference to postal ballot system in India consider the following statements. Two statements are given here and we are supposed to identify correct statements. Statement one Union cabinet ministers and persons who are employed under government of India and posted outside India are eligible to cast postal ballot. Yes the statement one is correct. Statement two, a person subjected to preventive detention under any law for the time being in force is not eligible to give his vote by postal ballot. This statement is incorrect because according to representation of people at 1951 any person subjected to preventive detention under any law for the time being in force can give his vote by postal ballot. So statement one is correct. Statement two is incorrect. So correct answer is option A one only. Consider the following statements. Statement one Kambala is an annual bull taming sport held in the rural parts of Tamil Nadu. Statement two Jallikattu is a slush track buffalo race held annually in the coastal districts of Karnataka. If you observe carefully the statement one and statement two are interchanged. The buffalo race is Kambala while bull taming sport is Jallikattu. So the answer is neither one nor two as both the statements are incorrect. Which of the following acts statutorily back environment impact assessment in India? Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, NGD Act 2010, EPA 1986 Water Act 1974. The correct answer is option C Environment Protection Act of 1986. See under this act in 1994 Union Ministry of Environment and Forests promulgated an EIA notification making environmental clearance mandatory for expansion or modernization of any activity in the schedule one of notification. Which means some activities were scheduled in the notification. So all the activities which are scheduled needs environmental clearance. Since then there have been 12 amendments and the recent notification is EIA notification 2006. Let us move on to main questions. This question is based on GST. Already there have been questions on GST in 2017 as well as in 2019. So it is a favorite spot for UPSC to ask questions and today's practice question is in an economy like India with significant inter regional disparities in the levels of living, higher degree of centralization is necessary for balance to growth. In the light of above statement, critically analyze the relative fiscal role of central and state governments with respect to taxation. Write the answer in 150 words. One more practice question on scheduled cost safeguards. The safeguards for persons belonging to scheduled cost and schedule tribe contributes to eradication of cost system in India. Comment. Write your answer in 150 words as this is a 10 marks question. There is an important announcement before we conclude today's news analysis on the account of Christmas that is tomorrow. There will not be Hindu news analysis on 25th December 2020. We will be resuming the Hindu news analysis again on 26th that is day after tomorrow. With this we conclude today's news analysis. If you find this session resourceful click on the like button, show your appreciation in the comment section and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel.