 Thank you everybody for making it to Bilbao and thank you for everybody that is attending virtually the event. My name is Hanegar Sia. I'm Global Teleco Solution Manager at REHAD. And I as well the REHAD representative at the Marketing Advisory Council at the UNO Foundation Networking. I have been in the industry for more than 20 years and I refer into the telco industry. And I have been participating and contributing on the Lino Foundation Networking for the past six years. I remember well, more or less. I get an invitation from the LFN Networking and say, can we address some topics around what is coming? An RP did a good job on presenting where we are today and where we are going as well tomorrow. I just wanted to give it a little step further and going into what we are today into what we call the 5G era. We're still and we are already starting to look into what the 6G era is going to look like. So I'm going to try to walk you through a little bit into why, what this generation of network is and where we are going. And as well, trying to understand what the Lino Foundation Networking has with playing a role and how they will play a role in this new destiny. That is the Descendant Law that we call it in telecommunications as how the generation evolve. So I will not going to go back all the way to when the thing started because I was at the university at that time. And I was holding, I was fortunate because I was holding, as I remember what it was, Franz Telecom, one touch DSM at that time. And, but we have advanced technology on the generations to the decades. We are now, as I mentioned today, leaving the introduction of the 5G networks that have been deploying across the globe. There is more than 200 networks live 5G networks life in the world. That is getting into now what we call the the industrialization of the network. So with 4G, what we have seen is that there is a lot of introduction of with the smartphones and applications and so on. With 5G, now we are seeing not just that we're going to enjoy this enhanced broadband but we are seeing as well introduction into other markets, especially on the enterprise. And we are seeing things like private networks as well coming up enjoying the capabilities that are provided on the on the 5G generation. Again, we are today we are still on the research phase of the 6G, but we're still looking into what the 6G network is going to be and what the promises of the 6G network respect to be regarding with the extreme broadband mobile broadband, moving on to one terabyte of capability in terms of bandwidth that is just enabling or looking to enabling what we're going to call the enhanced communications. And as I mentioned, we are just on the on the starting phase. We are looking into the research phase that there is a lot of white papers out there with a lot of information from different actors into the telecommunication world. That is bringing us a lot of information on what you expect what the challenge are going to be on 6G and and as well some some pieces of technology that will be required for 6G. I just to grab a few of them and I leave the sources for you guys to, to check them up in detail. But we have good information coming from Orange, Docomo, Sanso, Nokia, you know, all these actors out there. There is many more that is worth reading as well. But one thing is clear is that when we're looking at CG, and this is what we get from from all these white papers and materials out there is we are going to leave. And I want to move towards a digital world. And what that means, that means that we're going to be in in a complete different way of communications. We are expecting to be a massive communication with networks, we're expecting to be immersive communication networks, and we're expecting so much capabilities out of the network. And for that technology need to be created. There is already work in progress in terms of technology, but there is much more technology that is required in order to enable those capabilities on the 5G on the 16 network. And I took it the challenge of taking at least a couple of them in terms of, you know, what are we seeing as a common denominator in what the research is and what is coming is just to show the interterminal transmission and reception. We expect the communications to be more dense and we expect device to be talking between each other to coordinate how things should go to work between them and between the network to accommodate a much more density into into the network and creating a mass into into those devices. There is the non-terrestrial access, and we are not talking about putting putting antennas in the moon we are talking about bringing all the satellites at the communication that capabilities on the satellite into the network that we know today in the terrestrial side, so that we could have this, this truly global coverage for for communication. I would say that there is a large part of people living in in earth that are no connected to the network. And I think the last number is more than 3 billion people. That is on that conditions and we expect that, you know, thanks to the non-terrestrial access would be able to provide coverage for those. There is one other thing that is coming as well as a record and topic and is the cognitive network. So we expect that by the CG, CG time networks will be more intelligent in order to improve the energy consumption in order to optimize the performance in order to ensure that services are available on the right moment, the right time on the right place. And all of that comes with, of course, as I was mentioning, introducing new technologies from the ground up. And we have seen already how we have built 4G, 3G, 4G, 5G today. And we are just in the starting block to start building the CG. We expect the specifications around CG only to start the work for the specifications should be started around 2026. So we're still three years ahead of that. But we are seeing already that with CG, 5G and 5G advance where we are moving towards. One interesting thing that I get out of all this research that I was going through for preparing this presentation today. And again, and there are three topics that I will call, I will call principles that come around. And one of them is, of course, cloud based. In every single white paper or every single research that you're going to look at there. It is made clear that 6G is going to be a cloud based infrastructure network. And it was a lot of, I think, a lot of tolls and good things that this is something that we have been building from the past decade as well with the introduction of network functionalization and seeing that all this network, the next generation network will be, you know, based on that foundation. This is something that is very interesting for us on the on the open source communities. The other thing is open. You hear and you read all the time and you're going to go through this material is that it's open source. We respect more and more contributions for from the open source community into 6G. And this is something that says, not only to, to help on the interoperability, but as well on the life cycle of the network, and how we build the component the network. And the last analysis is shared. So we're going to be seeing a network that it will be shared on infrastructure. It will be shared on a spectrum. So, and we probably want to see for the first time, a network that is actually a measure of networks. Because when we are thinking about massive communication, immersive communications, there will be more collaboration need between the operators and the networks out there, not only on the public domain, but as well on the private domain, in order to, to achieve what we are expecting for 6G. So, one thing is, I didn't come here to talk about technology on 6G, I did come here to talk about how the linear foundation can help, and it's been supporting that path. And I have a long talk on to, on to where, where we are, and what have I done and what still need to be done. And, and, and I come with a few topics that I think is an important for supporting the evolution towards 6G. And, yeah, it's, and I think it's, it's something that we have been doing and I'm not going to go into that on the presentation anyway so topics like collaborative environment, creating the sandbox, in order to help and on an open source way, contribute into what the technology will be. Innovation experimentation, as it was mentioning, and I'm going to make an emphasis on that, on to all the work we are doing on, on that aspect, integration technology as well with the 5G sweep blueprint. Standard and interpretability, orchestration automation, and last but not least, education and awareness, that is very, very important. Now, well, I'm going to go through that. I, I would like to bring you down to the memory lane, and remember where, where, where all things start. I joined the team, a small team, it was at that time, 2017. It was OpenStack Summit in Boston, actually, that we take a challenge into bringing what we was at that very beginning, the network function virtualization infrastructure into reality. We say, how can we actually do something with this infrastructure? What the operator is, is complaining about all these things that is almost impossible to do. And we took the challenge to actually build something. As we call it at that time, the virtual central office, say, can we actually do what we say we can do with network function virtualization. And this is a few months after we were in Beijing, in Beijing, at the OPNF summit is, is, is being a long, a long road for the name of events. But, and we actually that was the first demonstration where we have capabilities for the central office for those who knows it, you know, is, is, is those locations of the network of the operator network that's closest to you. I, I probably going to call it, and I think I repeat what mentioning is the provider edge is I remember a service provider edge. So, and we took that challenge. And we actually showcase life on, on, on, on the, on the podium, how we can bring enterprise services and fix broadband services to our network function, visualization platform, using opium stack at that time. We didn't stop there. And this is, this is, this is the important thing that on the community we regroup I say, Yeah, this is great. Fixed network, great enterprise services are great. But what about the mobile network? I say, Okay, we took the challenge to say, Well, next by next year we're going to build again a reference architecture for that mobile network. And, and that was the time for us at them. And now we open network summit in acid that in 2018. And we demonstrate for the first time, a complete mobile network for G at that time. Network running on an open stack with components from open compute project and open source project as well. And we have, for example, we have the open interface at that time, bringing the radio components for that network and we demonstrate that life in the, in the show at the event. And after that, there was a, there was a bigger challenge. The bigger challenge is there was a change. And this is on the NFB. I think that there is a slide that represents how the NFB has been evolved, the model has been evolved. And there is a shift on technology when we start seeing Kubernetes as a truly cloud native platform. And we took that challenge to and we say, I think we can do it. I think we can, we can, we have, we have the technology, we have the community, we can do it and we try. And on 2019, a cube come. That was in San Diego that time, we actually present the very first foggy network that was completely containerized on Kubernetes. And that was even distributed because we have actually on San Diego and San Diego, we have the site, we have the radio site and part of the core there and the other part of the core was back in Montreal. It was a challenge. It was a big enterprise. But that time we have created, we have a community that was more than 11 organization or 12 organization working together, more than 100 people working together into that implementation. And, and this is what is critical that we have that environment that the elephant create that environment for us to try these technologies to put those technologies together and to make a reference and an update mentioned before. And that is where things like the five super blueprint are key that enable that environment that bring a community together that bring all those elements, open source, close source enterprise, other organizations, public organizations together into realizing something that could bring value for the industry. And that is something that is not only important for what we are doing now, but it's important, and we want to be more important for what we're going to be doing on 16. We didn't stop there. We did just to build things. We shared that knowledge. There is a series of publications. Sorry, I didn't put the latest publication here is a very old slide and apologize about that. But there is has been a lot of publications. And we are trying to communicate that knowledge that we have acquired to those enterprises that we have those challenges that we have gone through. And there is many things that have been gone back to the open source communities as well. You know, when we think that today we are at the deployment of 5G, and we know that all most of all those deployments are based not only on an FB model, but are based on a Kubernetes platform. And we look back to 2019 when we actually first demonstrate this is this is where we think things happen. We demonstrate that that technology was there and the capabilities were there. Capabilities have been increased on that platform today. That is running 5G networks, live 5G networks. Most of you today probably are connected to those networks and using that technology. So, as I have a list of points, we covered the collaborative collaborative environment, we covered the innovation experimentation. We're covering as well the education and awareness that's critical today and critical for for tomorrow. There is an, there is more than we're doing in terms of integration. There are new projects coming up, like Project Silva, that is aiming to creating, homogenizing the telco cloud. Okay, looking into how we can, we can have a common platform across operators that can be leveraged for the, for everything in telco, the edge, the core and the radio access network as well. And very important that under, I think there will be a panel on this later today, talking and so I'm not going to go too much detail. But one important thing is that on the LFN, we started with OPNFB and CNTT and that become Manuket and today we are, and this is important that we continue that integration between those projects. We continue into bringing more value out of what we have been doing and what we have to do for, not only for what we are leaving today but as well what we're going to be leaving tomorrow. So, I'm looking forward as well to see much closer collaboration. I think probably that's going to be talked later today, but there is this kind of thing that make the integration of technology, not only within the LFN but with outside projects as well. That make very important steps towards that goal of not only 5G but 6G as well. So we have the integration of technology added to the list right now. There's orchestration automation. This has been a very long topic of discussions for a long time since the NFB model up here. And on the LFN, we have now two critical projects that is on App Anemico that has been there for a long time and has been bringing the basis and the layering for many of the technology that is out there. Open source projects that has given birth to commercial products, enterprise products, but we don't stop there. And I think there will be more information during the week on that with nephew as well. That is coming to complement all those efforts that we have been doing and I hope to see as well how the collaboration between all those projects are going to happen to bring, you know, not only the knowledge that we have and all the experience that we have through the years into what we are looking into a clownative orchestration automation tool like nephew. So there is there is already work that is being done as well on orchestration automation. The last piece and not least is the standard and interoperability. And I think RP did a good job in in presenting that today on where we are on that regard and I agree with Ronnie as well as I agree with RP to say open source is there. And it's playing a role in the advancement of communications as the standard for communications. We are seeing more and more close interactions between the open source communities and the standard bodies that we look at whatever is broadband forum at CGPT and forum. And how they are more and more collaborating and looking at the open source communities to help into the building foundation for the next generation of technology. One thing that is a kind of very interesting to name and that is where we see the joint collaboration between those bodies is the camera product where the actual GSMA and the linear foundation come together to build and to define the the specification for the API that developer will be using towards so that they can leverage all the network capabilities, 5G networks or 4G networks, and I hope the 6G is going to be part of that. But it's clear today that we are seeing communities out there, the linear foundation that working as well as playing a key role. I mentioned it this morning, clearly, and we are collaborating and closely strengthening our collaboration with those entities out there. So, while I look at all these points and say, well, I think we are in good shape. We are in good shape into what we are doing today. We are in good shape. We continue on those efforts on building those collaborative, creating those environment for collaboration, for innovation, for experimentation, continue the integration, the blueprints that we was mentioning, 5G through the blueprint, that collaboration with the standards, the work that we want to be doing orchestration automation and continuously sharing that knowledge out there, out of the community, towards the industry is very, very important. And just to go back to one of the topics that I mentioned in terms of technology that we are looking at, and I'm probably going to bring that now. The cognitive networks, which is, I believe it's going to be something that we need to put some focus on. Why? Because where we're looking at cognitive networks on the term of CG, we actually probably going to need that, at least some of the capabilities now, as we are identifying 5G and we are moving to 5GSA. And we will look down into what the foundation of what do we need actually to build those cognitive networks. Beyond the work that is going to be doing probably on the LFAI is, in order to build those capabilities, both cognitive capabilities, we require more precise and more deep observability capabilities in the platforms. And this is something that sometimes we don't see on the first step, but now we are seeing it now. And there is a project like EBPF, a project like Open Telemetry, who is going to help us out on that. There is distributed intelligence. Intelligence will not just be sitting in one place. The future of network intelligence will be distributed. It will even be sitting on the user edge. And for that we need capabilities. We need to be able to orchestrate the distribution of intelligence across the network. Trusted execution. So, as we expect, that data will be treated locally at the edge of the network or at the, and trying to come back to the right words, the right definition, the network edge, the network provider edge and the user edge. So we're going to need capabilities to make sure that the privacy and security are there. So we're going to need environments that are trusted for the execution of those capabilities. And that is technology. That is, we haven't hear about confidential computing that when I bought into that, and we're going to see the, the introduction of those capabilities as well. And as we are working on this 5G super blueprint as well, introducing those capabilities. And there is the last and not least, in order to build the models, and to make sure that to have the right models, we're going to need an amount of data. Data that it is for regulation purpose is difficult to have. Or simply because it doesn't exist. 6G network doesn't exist. 5G network are just building up, deploying, but we don't have yet that amount of data that is required in order to build and to build those models, the cognitive models for the network. And this is where technologies like synthetic data make, and you're going to be hearing that a lot, probably in the, in the, in the year and coming years is, is a way of helping generating the data that we're going to be using to train those models tomorrow. So all these pieces of technology that are there, and all this piece of technology that still need to be built. This is where the linear foundation networking has still have a role to play. As such, this is what I believe that the development of technologies for 6G will require collaboration, and that is clear. And as I mentioned before, convinced that the linear foundation is playing an important role on support in that evolution. And with that, I will thank you for being here today and thank you for everybody online as well. Of course, we have questions, and happy to have questions. We take first on-prem, you okay? Yeah, I will do my best. Oh, maybe, yeah, that will be better. And the public online is, is, is, yep. There's a little bit streaming as well. Okay, then you don't have to repeat it. Yeah. So, so I, you mentioned trust around, around all of this data. And I know that there's technologies that people have been building for the cloud, confidential computing. And they even have a session this afternoon today. So I wanted to see this stuff as sort of being a requirement to actually have that far out at the edge as well, in terms of having, you know, leveraging the confidentiality from confidential computing or I do see, I do see the confidence, the trusted execution environment as a requirement. Confidential computing is one of the capabilities indeed. Probably we might need others that we don't know yet as we just starting with confidential computing. But this is, this is, it is clear that as we distribute logic, as we distribute the power of processing towards the edge, and we expect that processing to happen there we expect those environment to be trusted the same way we are trusting internally the networks in the data center we need to trust the networks. This is sitting on those edge locations and sometime, and this is going to be the most difficult part when those networks are not anymore or the component of capability for the network not another anymore on the, on the proper network, as we know from the telco point of view, but those are all prem on the user land. Okay, I mean, still, we'll be able one case, one typical case is the private fund, for example, right, the private networks, and when we actually have private networks that are not going to be supporting only all prem users, but as well, the thinking of, oh, I have my employees on the company that need to get outside of the site. And when they move in and they move out, they are roaming from public network into a private network. And that bring a new series of requirements. And this is where we're going to be seeing that exploding when we're going to be talking about more densification with CPC. Trust environment for execution and processing of data is exactly requirements into building that technology. Thank you. I think we have another question on the room. So it's on the cognitive networks, right, you talked about, how do you see the AI networks and cognitive I believe there's a little bit of a difference in terms of human intervention and things like that. So how do you see the journey on how we kind of align, because I mean at the end, okay, so I'll rephrase my question, where we are today is we have projects like own app that are intent based. So we got to about 80% of AI. We can learn and we can make decisions without automated decisions, right. So then how do you see from there to a fully AI driven network right and how do you incorporate the cognitive part of it. And again, it's a tough question. I know but it is just your thoughts on that. No, no, no, I get because I'm also trying to figure it out. And we are all, we are all trying to figuring out. So, and the question is basically is how we, how we go from today supervised human supervised intelligence in the network towards a fully autonomous intelligent machine. And this is a, this is as a big little faith into, into, you know, trust the machine, right. We are not there yet. We are not there yet, but we are getting there, we're getting there. So there is a lot of work that is being done on the team forum around that specific topic. There is a lot of told into how we move from this horizontal AI that we have today with there is a lot of exciting on route generative AI right how we can use that on the telco industry. Well, give you an example today we need for making sure that we are building a stack a blueprint or a stack or a stack for telco for the, for the cloud, and that cloud to be homogenous we need to test it. Anocate we bring pieces of that. Right. How we bring AI generative AI into an okay, so that those tests are actually generated. Right. This will be a very first step, and then towards trusting what the, what the foundation and how the stack is being created. And then we layer up. I do not believe that tomorrow, we're just going to throw the machine by the sake of trusting the machine. There will be human intervention, there will be still human intervention, but that intervention will be more or less reduced than this is today. I will, but that as well depend on how good is the data that we have to build those models that, as I was mentioning that's a problem today, because you know the data is either not there or highly regulated. It's very difficult to do that. But as, as we get to there, we get there into having that data, and that's more precise and more qualitative data, then those models will be helping us into reducing that human intervention. But that is, again, it's a build process. I don't think we are there yet. But I think that's what the board and the community is very excited about. So, yeah, I think I think a lot of communities are exciting about, and this is part of the work, right. Because as the elephant staff into thinking and reflect and say, hey, maybe we start here into how we're bringing, of course, bringing AI into orchestration make total sense we are seeing AI ops models going all around. And I think one thing that is critical to that is the, the telemetry and be able to actually get the information. There is a lot of work that's been done as well on the ngm and around that today we're working collaborative working with them into not only the aspect of the network and the network configuration but as well the energy consumption. Right. I'm trying to address all these topics into what is needed to actually to feed the machine information. And I think we have some questions from the audience online. Yeah, there's one or two more questions. So I think you talked about this a little bit, but what sort of data does elephant need to have to train AI. That's, that's a good question. So is we're looking into, for example, we were mentioning on app and then go and nephew. So certainly we're going to need information about about the network itself. There is a lot of information that's already. So when we're looking at all run, and what the oran is doing, and how they are getting the information into into the rig to build the except that information, we're going to need that information for us in order to understand how we can better orchestrate the workloads into the whole network not only on the data center but as well on the edge. So I hope that answers the question. Yeah, I think so and then we had another virtual question was it. If I'm a solutions company, which LFN projects should I be contributing to. I think I think we have, we have the answer. So, if you are, and this is, I think I should have closed this as a good member of the Mac. If you are up there listening and not yet participating, please join. And this is the most important part joined, even though you are only contributing to translating document. Or, or, or just, I will say not just because that's an important thing, or actually providing requirement. This is very important that we get requirements. We cannot work without them. So providing requirements already contributing. And when I come to the question online question say, join. And one of the environments that should be looking at right now is the blueprints and the fadge super blueprint is one of them. Thank you. Thank you very much.