 Now, we are going to discuss gender digital divide. In the last lecture we talk about the global digital divide and now we will talk about the gender digital divide. Gender digital divide it actually tells us about the inequality of internet access between men and women and particularly with reference to the women. We come to know that there are certain disparities in access and usage of any form of technology between women and men across the globe. If we say that when we talk about the use of technology of men and women, then this is something that we can see across the globe that men have more easily access to technology and use more internet technology as compared to the women. If we look at the data that ITU published in 2019, we can see that 55% of the global population uses internet. Similarly, if we look at the data of women, it is 48%. So, here the gap of 7% is at the global level and if we look at this gap region-wise, we will see that it is increasing. For example, in Africa, 37% of men use internet and 20% of women use internet. So, this disparity becomes 17%. And if we talk about Arab states, women are using 47% internet whereas men are using 61% internet. So, there is a lot of disparity here. If we talk about Asia Pacific, women are using 41% internet. And men are using 48% internet. So, this disparity is 7%. So, this disparity matches the global level. And if we look at this data in Europe, then 80% of women use internet in Europe and 85% of men use it. In Europe, this divide decreases as compared to the other regions. And if we talk about America, in America, women use more internet, 77% and men use less internet, 76%. So, this difference of 1% is almost equal to gender equality. We do not see this equality in other regions. And if we look at it in the context of developing and developed world, then there is a disparity of 2% between men and women while using internet. And in developing, this disparity becomes 9% because 40% are using women internet and 49% are using men internet. And in least developed countries, already internet usage and access is less. 50% or 28% for the male and 50% for the female. And this disparity figure increases. So, it will be easier to contextualize this data. If we talk about the global level, then men have access to the internet as compared to women. If we look at it in the context of developing and developing, and if we look at it in the context of region, and if we look at it on the global level, then we can see this disparity in all three of our contexts. A score is calculated by gender parity score. And if we look at this gender parity score, then its value should be between 0.98 and 1.02. If its value is between this, then we can say that there is gender equality in internet usage. But if we look at the data across the world, then in America, from 2013 to 2019, we can see that gender parity score is the ideal value. And here we can see the value of that score in Europe. And if we look at the developed world context, then here too, in recent years, this value has been achieved. In the developing world, or in the least developed world, these values are seen quite low historically. So, it is not difficult to imagine that internet usage is increasing, internet access is increasing across the globe, but women and female populations are still limited as compared to the male population of the globe.