 causes of revolutions. In this session we are going to highlight some basic causes of revolution. So in society revolution is usually caused by injustices rendered by corrupt leaders or a corrupt system that oppresses the people. Then revolutions can also be caused by disparity between the haves and have-nots. Then revolutions are major turning points in history and regardless of where they occur, some common factors are present. And the causes of revolutions are usually that when people are fed up with their system or with their corrupt leadership, they are not able to satisfy them. And then along with that, it is also possible that in society, those people who have resources and those who do not have resources, the difference and gap between them increases so much that due to that widened gap, people become unrest-created. So this also becomes a cause of revolution and of struggle. So these causes include a great divide between the social classes, a crisis which negatively impacts the masses. Now basically, in the atmosphere, different classes are present in each atmosphere. But if the gap between the classes becomes much wider and we do not see this situation with each other, that a very lower class does not have such an environment or such opportunities that it can fill that gap and come up. So obviously, they are against each other. Then there is a reaction in society. So increasing happiness of loss of faith in the government or ruling power and a desire for equality and ideals of philosophers which provide a common railing ground for the unhappy class. Now what we are saying is that in the atmosphere, when the difference between the atmosphere and the atmosphere increases and we do not see that the system can try to overcome it or that the system does not have such capability that it can solve people's problems. So in the atmosphere, the unhappiness created regarding the system that caused a main contributor in the starting of protest and then it proceed towards the proper protest and ultimately it becomes the revolution. So when the population decides to revolt, they are looking for a dramatic political, social and economic change. But what is the basic purpose of people when they want to bring revolution? That the proper political system, social system and economic system will change everything. That means the change of one angle will not fit in the revolution category. But overall, the change in the whole system is the basis of the revolution. As we saw in America, the revolution was initiated when the 13 American colonies, they break away from the British Empire and at that time they thought properly that constitutional changes should be made in the whole system and their representation should be made and their political rights should be made. Similarly, the French Revolution, which is a very common example, where people were divided into three classes. One was the people who had important status, and the other was the general public, and the other was the people who were very different and thought themselves to be very important. That means the religion was divided, the traffic was divided and the common man became the class. Now in this situation, as a result, we saw a struggle in France. And after that struggle, the history of France, the revolution of France is known as a case study in the whole world. When in the social context, people were so helpless that they revolted against their system and ultimately the French Revolution, and the basic system of the whole of France was changed.