 Okay, hi everybody, welcome to the North Dakota State University Spring Fever Garden Forums. This is where we connect you, the gardener, with the experts at North Dakota State University. And my name is Tom Kahlb, I'm an Extension Horticulturist in the Department of Plant Sciences and I'm here tonight with Bob Birch, a Web Technology Specialist in the Department of Aeroculture Communication. Tonight is the fourth and final of our Spring Fever Garden Forums and our theme tonight is on new pests and new crops. The format that we'll use tonight will be the format we've used in the past. We'll start with about a 20-25 minute presentation and then we'll follow that with your questions. And we invite your participation. For those of you on Blackboard Collaborate Ultra, you'll notice there's a purple tab in the lower right-hand corner, just tap on that to open the chat box and you'll see a box that says, say something, type in that box and push the enter key and then that question will come to me and then I'll add that of the speaker. So let's get started. Here we go, the world keeps getting smaller and there are insects all over the world that are common to the doorstep of North Dakota for invading our state right now. So here to tell us about some invasive insects to watch out for is Dr. Janet Kanol. Jan is an extension entomologist for NDSU. Jan, welcome to the forums. Thank you. You're welcome. Well, good evening. First I'd like to thank Tom for inviting me to speak today at the Spring Fever. Welcome. I don't feel like it's spring quite yet, but let's get started with the presentation. I'm going to cover four of the invasive insects that you may or may not hopefully see in North Dakota. One that has been found in North Dakota and has been considered established as the Japanese leaf beetle and the following three here are not in North Dakota, the brown-momorated stink bug, emerald ash borer, and the leaf beetle. But I want you to be aware of how to identify these pests and we'll just talk a little bit about the damage or injury symptoms because you may not see the insect, but you may see the damage on the plants. So we'll get started with the Japanese beetle that is already here in North Dakota as you can imagine it's from Japan originally and that was first found in the U.S. in New Jersey in 1916 and then up in Canada in 1939 and then more recently it was found in Portugal in 1980s. This map of the U.S.A. gives you a better idea of how far this insect has moved throughout the Northeast and moving all the way south down into Georgia and other states and moving west towards many of the other states including North Dakota. And the purple is where it's been established, the dark purple is where it's been established by consensus, light purple is where it's been established by survey and that's mainly the trap that I'll talk about. It's a fairly easy insect to identify. First off it's a beautiful insect, it's large, it's about a half inch long, metallic green pro thorax and the wing covers are kind of coppery bronze color. And the key to identification of this species is the white patches. There's five on the side and two on the posterior end and those are unique to Japanese beetle. For the life cycle just real quickly and right now it's over wintering as a third insect, a mature larvae, they'll come up when it starts to warm up when the soils get to 50 degrees Fahrenheit and they'll start to feed for about a month. Then they'll go through a short purple stage, usually a week to 10 days and then the adults emerge, they'll mate and then the female will lay up to 60 eggs in the soil and then those eggs will hatch into larvae and they pass through three grow stages we call them and they feed on the roots of the plants, typically grasses. And then as it gets colder they'll move deeper back down into the soil for over wintering. Now the adult is a notorious pest feeding on many different species of trees, shrubs or ornamentals or roses, can be very devastating and skeletonizes the leaves, whereas the larvae are white grubs and so they have the characteristic C shape with a brown head capsule and they are about an inch when mature and they feed just on grasses so you'll notice some brown patches out in the yard and then if you dig and pull the grass will come up easily and you can pull it back to find the grubs that are feeding on the roots. Now they're a little more difficult to identify the larvae and there's a lot of other white grubs here in North Dakota so you shouldn't assume it's Japanese beetle if you see a white grub need to look at the posterior and for a raster pattern which is like hairs over on the left you can see the Japanese beetle that has a V shaped raster pattern and then the line above it is called the anal slit and you can see that's kind of like a half moon shape and the other species that's most commonly found here is the May or June beetle you can see the raster pattern is kind of like two lines straight and then the anal slit has a little bit of a V in it so that's probably the most common one that you will find you might see the door of the mass shaper or the apodias but they're not quite as common but again they have unique raster patterns and we've been trapping for Japanese beetle since 1960 here in North Dakota the first beetles that were caught were in 2001 and then we didn't see them again in the traps until 2012 and now we've been catching them every year since 2012 it's a very powerful pheromone trap it can draw them in from over half a mile it's a combination of a sex and plant attractant or volatile and then we had another incident in 2017 when Japanese beetle was accidentally introduced a nursery stock from Minnesota trucks that came in carrying the larvae in the soil and there's over 100,000 potentially infested plants and that got shipped unfortunately out to 80 nurseries across North Dakota so they put up 12 100 1000 excuse me 203 traps and 50 counties and then they caught beetles and 22 of these counties and 80% of them were caught at nurseries that received the infested nursery stock and you'll also notice that the highest numbers for those near our larger cities like Fargo, Bismarck, Minot and Williston they probably received more of the nursery stock and there is a fact sheet that has recently been updated you can use that for information and also for insecticide guidelines I encourage you to look at Produce University Midwest fruit pest management guide online you can download it as a PDF but we also have insecticide guidelines for both homeowner and the commercial nursery person moving on to brown marmorated stink bug this is another insect that is fairly distinctive and quite large it was originally introduced into Allentown, Pennsylvania 1998 and it's spread rather quickly throughout the mid-Atlantic states and now it's confirmed in 44 states and four provinces but it's mainly just a severe problem over there in the mid-Atlantic states in North Dakota you see word green which means brown marmorated stink bug was detected or intercepted and we did receive a couple live specimens that came in boxes shipped from infested states so we have detected it here but those shipments came through the plant diagnostic lab here at NDSU and as far as we know they did not get outside it was in the middle of winter so they would have died anyway fortunately again it's a large insect about five-eighths of an inch long you see it's about the size of a penny there you can identify it by those white bands in the antenna and then there's black and white alternating bands on the sides and it was to turn this stink bug over the light it's very light on the undersides compared to some of our native species it has a white hole of strange that gets on to a lot of our ornamental shrubs our trees fruits vegetables and our field crops and out east where it was introduced it's been particularly a problem on the fruits and vegetables it's just starting to become a problem in soybeans corn and they do like to feed with their piercing sucking mouth parts on the reproductive tissues just real quickly the life cycle they overwinter as animals in the shelter belts and leaf litter and they'll get active in the spring when temperatures warm up and then the male and females will mate the female lay eggs on the leaves usually either the upper or the lower surface and she can lay quite a few eggs as you can see there 486 that's a lot and then they go through the nymph stage from the egg they'll hatch into thumps and they have four different stages they go through these are wingless stages and then once they become an adult they have wings and they can they're fairly good flower flyers there's about one to two generations per year they're fairly short life cycles it's about a one to two months to go from egg to adult and unfortunately they like to winter in their homes or as well as the shelter belts and here's some of the symptoms on our soybeans they inject a toxin into the seed and then it also becomes kind of shriveled up you'll see punctures and then we're also concerned that they may be able to vector viruses and plant pathogens in here in corn or sweet corn you can see the punctured kernels again these are all characteristic of stink bug bleeding injury you can see the brown that's an indication of the toxin on the leaf and here they are in the fall trying to get into the hole just like the Asian lady beetle and over in the east and Maryland some of the old states this is the current a thousand trying to get into your home it looks like there's hope there's some biological control that's being worked on the Samaria was trial lysis Japanicus and it's an egg parasitoid and in Asia where this has originated 60 to 90 percent of the eggs were destroyed or killed by this parasitoid and they were collecting it they collected it from Asia brought it over here it was in quarantine and they were going to release it but then one of the scientists did a survey in 2014 and 15 and found it here so apparently it came over with brown marmorated stink bug when it was introduced so now what they're doing is mass rearing it and they're releasing it to some of the worst infestation sites were controlled brown marmorated stink bug moving on to emerald ash or I know many of you are familiar with this but I just wanted to touch basis with this because of a new detection close to us so we're really concerned here's a couple of educational fact sheets we have available they're both in the process of being updated this spring so look for the new revised version that should be coming out in May or June this is about a half inch long again a good size insect so you know they're easy to notice as the adults there is a pheromone trap that you can get to trap for the adult a beautiful purple lace bronze wing covers and there's lots of information online if you want to go to the emerald ash for info site and here's the newest map from April 2nd 2018 and look at the infestation news site up in Manitoba Winnipeg not good news we don't know for sure you know how they'll do that far north the researchers have mentioned that it has the progression of the movements into new areas north has slowed and a lot of it is going more southward now look at the symptoms because the adult is only out for you in a short period maybe about a month usually it's they start to merge may July peak emergence is late July and there's a degrading model that is available for forecasting emergence look for the thinning of the canopy on ash they go to several species of ash the green black maturian ash and look for suckers that indicate something speeding internally and also the D-shaped exit holes of the adults and if you're the tree is dead and you do remove the bark you may see a S shaped tunnel which indicates the emerald ash for and again we think its main movement is from people moving firewood and that's how it was believed that it was introduced into the US is through crates wooden crates that were infested with the larvae and here's the information and cold-heartedness as you can see they get down into minus 30 there's 98 percent kill and but Venet Abrahamson found the super cooling point is minus 13 degrees Fahrenheit and that's just when the point when the tissues in the insect dies so minus 13 is when it all starts and I don't know how long it has to be exposed to certain temperatures that actually cause mortality that's something we'll have to see again there's a lot of work with biological control these are all organisms that were collected over in Asia where it originated and they're now being released and studied for biological control so there is hope down the road in fact they're thinking about the regulating emerald ash for in the future here and the emphasis is going to be on these parasyptoids hey the last insect I have is the lily leaf beetle it's a beautiful insect this is probably my favorite one it's a scar also called the red leaf beetle or the scarlet leaf beetle for obvious reasons it's about a half inch long a beautiful scarlet red and the egg legs eyes and tenon head are all black and the larvae have a nasty habit of excreting their brown frost piles on the back and this is a protective mechanism to discourage predators from eating them however the research has shown that it doesn't work very well against parasite or parasite loss and this one is native to both Asia and Europe it was first detected in Montreal in 1940 and then Boston 1992 and then now much of New England New York Pennsylvania and much of Canada and the West Coast of the US and you can go online the lily leaf beetle tracker website and find out where it's at or if you have a report to file they're asking you to submit it to this website and here's where it's at the most recent map as you can see it's throughout the New England States and East and then all the way across into Canada and even just above North Dakota there in Manitoba which is kind of alarming to me because I love my lilies and they do love lilies the Asianic lilies some of the Oriental release are more resistant or tolerant of this insect and you can download some of the back sheets from Massachusetts and some of the other Rhode Island and they list some of the varieties that are a little more resistance but these are some of my favorite flowers they do not infest a lily so these are okay but they will also get on the fertile area which are another favorite of mine and then they'll also won't complete their life cycle but they will feed on solemn sealed potato and nightshades catbriar and flowering tobacco and here's the damage complete defoliation they eat the leaves the flowers the buds anything above ground and as you can see if it's very severe they'll completely defolate the plants all you have is the skeleton and this can you know kill the plant here's some feeding on solemn seal and the life cycle they overwinter and leaf litter and then as it warms up in the springs they'll get going and then the female lay eggs usually on the underside of the leaf near the mid midrib she lays I think it was 460 some eggs it's a large number for her over whole lifetime the eggs will hatch into the larvae and then the larvae feed most the summer and then late summer they'll pupate down into the soil and in about a week the new generation of the adult that overwinters will emerge and this feeds for a short period on the vegetation just to get some fat deposits before overwintering and again the main emphasis is biological control there is some egg parasitoids but the two pictured here are both larval parasitoids and these are being released and study in the New England states I listened to an interesting presentation when I was at the International IPM symposium in Baltimore a few weeks ago so if you find any of these insects what we'd like you to do is to place them into a vial containing rubbing alcohol or ethanol and then record the date and GPS if you know it and then the host plant and then submit it to us and extension entomology for positive ID and you can go through your county extension agent or you can also submit it to the plant diagnostic lab I'm done a little bit early get some questions for you okay Jan let's start with Japanese beetle okay so if you hang traps for Japanese beetles are you actually drawing them into your area yeah that's correct unfortunately that pheromone and the plant attracted to so strong it'll actually drawn into your garden so if you have roses nearby it's gonna make the infestation level worse on the roses so we don't recommend if you have like a garden don't place it you know within a half mile if you want to monitor somebody else's yard but yes unfortunately the same thing with the brown marmorated stink bug there is a sex pheromone they're using for monitoring for that one but they found it actually attracts it in to the area and then it'll they aggregate them and it'll cause more damage to your plants so the Japanese beetle it seems to be here to stay yes it does and with that type of attractive you don't recommend that a gardener use trapping no no no just like give it to your give a trap to your neighbor for Christmas neighbor that you don't like there you go that's the way so they'll be so happy when they collect all those beetles and they won't know that actually they put the whole name yeah that we're using the traps may like for regulatory work for detection you know presence absence like for nurseries right heart rate and we how do you control Japanese beetle if you see it yeah I didn't go into facts I knew I wouldn't have time for all the effects so but you can control the adult with foliar sprays but a lot of times it's difficult to get good coverage in the trees large so most people focus on the larvae grub which is down in the soil and I took a slide out on what is the proper timing to control the grubs but it's usually when they come back up and the they go down when it gets real hot feeding but usually it's some August when they start to come back late August they come back up to do some feeding so that would be a good time and then also they do some more feeding in early spring they come back up okay speaking of the grubs to the Japanese beetle grubs or lari do they feed on tree and shrub roots or only term roots the grub only feeds on well they will feed on and container only in container nursery stock they'll feed on the roots of the container stock because it's in a container but out in the natural setting they mainly just feed on grass roots and are we seeing lawn damage by Japanese beetles in our state no I haven't it's I've had several people call telling me they have crack Japanese beetle but then I asked them to send in the larvae and so far they've all been June beetle which is our native species that occurs here okay let's shift on to the brown marmorated stink bug it says we have a comment that Penn State extension shows that that path occurs in clay and Wilkin counties in Minnesota which are located across from Fargo and Wapiton do you know how long they've been there um I checked into that they're only in the Minneapolis area of that clay report was not correct or it was a specimen that what came in through a package like what we received okay so it hadn't yeah I was right right yeah we were concerned about that so I called some people who are working on the brown marmorated at University of Minnesota and they said that's not a true record it was an intercepted record that came in the shipment and there's a question about do we have sprays available to control that past yes there's some a number of sprays available um there's synthetic insecticides in the paris right family work fairly well and one of the active ingredients by fence and works pretty good for control the adult I know there's been a lot of work with bio pesticides like mean and some of the others but they don't they're not as high in toxicity compared to some of our synthetic insecticides so they don't probably give you some suppression but not control how about a big picture question here what effect will climate change have on the spread of invasive insect well obviously Sting bugs for example is typically more of a southern insect past where they it occurs quite frequently as a major past on crops and fruits and etc down south so if we do continue getting warmer we're going to start to see more Sting bugs so always be happy when it's cold let's be happy it's really cold what about a week or so fresh cold temperatures the kills nasty bugs yes a cold winter so it may have had some effect on Japanese beetle as well as emerald ash or this year not too much snow cover either yes yes okay how about that emerald ash for you know you said the super cooling temp is minus 13 but there's only 98% death at minus 30 so right how do they survive how those two percent survive well part of it is you know the duration I suppose of the cold and then they're in the tree so even though our air temperature might be minus 30 or the windshield might be minus 30 the tree does moderate the temperature do you think that emerald ash for may adapt to those bitter cold temperatures like minus 30 and will develop like us a super subspecies I can tolerate that the bitter cold happen it could happen other insects have adapted to our colder temperatures I know there was some work done on soybean aphid which is another invasive insect press like Indiana you know like you saw that infestation in Winnipeg now yeah but you know when you look at Minnesota that pest has been detected there for several years but it hasn't really spread like wildfire like it did in Michigan right do you have a so like is there is there a reason for hope that the Winnipeg infestation will be very slow to spread our way just like in the Twin Cities it hasn't really been already hinted to in some of the research papers I've read you know they mentioned that the spread of the emerald ash for is much slower to the north compared to the south so and that's obviously due to our colder temperatures so that is possible and the biological control agents would probably be better able to keep up with it as well if it's a little bit slower spread how about well do they split do they have those biological control agents in Minnesota do they really see number in Minnesota yeah maybe don't do that man told yeah please and how about there's a general question about you know a lot of these insects you talked about tonight are not yet here what what is here what's what's the most common insect past you get reports from gardeners about a lot of cutworms reports spider mates aphids aphids gall insects yeah they're not so interesting how about you got a comment about another invasive pest spotted winter safflower I guess and also I didn't mention one that we're very concerned with and our canola crop and it's the sweet mansion it's up in Canada and it's moving well it could move into our area we trap for it every year up in the northeast and north central the major canola producing areas but it also gets into our vegetables any brockaceae crop cabbage broccoli cauliflower so we could see it in the garden as well in fact they found it in Minneapolis last year it was accidentally brought in on trans vegetable transplants and that was introduced into the Minneapolis area from it was from an infested state like New York so there would be like on broccoli plant cabbage plant yeah and it's very small some midge so people tend to you know miss it and then the larvae are also very tiny in the feed in the growing plant or down you know the base of the root can cause deformities in the plant so that's one I'm concerned about and I'm expecting it eventually to get here as well it's it was reported just about 10 miles north of our Canadian mark Dakota border just near let little bit east of Langdon but very it's very very close bugs keep coming yeah can't stop them and security for you Jan that's a good thing yeah was new bugs yes about spotted winged or soft on that one has continued just continue to spread there's a lot of active research going on here at NDSU great as well as other fruit producing states and Michigan state yeah yeah there's tremendous there's like so many papers that come out every month of the policy it's very difficult to keep up all the research in their website that's dedicated to SMU said SMPD yeah yeah I think there's one of South Carolina and then there's one at Michigan too about a backup biological biological control do they are those insects tolerant to our cold or do they have to be reintroduced or they will have to adapt as well which ones just in general the biological control well we actually when they go overseas to find these biological parasitoids they actually try to photo areas for the north of the infant range of the past that we're targeting so they will try to find parasitoids from different locales to bring in things that are more adapted to our cold winters okay how about here's a question about lady bugs this guard your head lady bugs but they were more orange than red are they really lady are they still lady bugs yes there's all different species of lady bugs and then the Asian multicolored lady beetle that one has different colors it can be without spots it can have up to 14 spots and I've even seen kind of a more yellowish color when they first molt they're not quite as red but yeah you can have different colors and different numbers of spots as well it's very diverse okay there's all kinds of lady bugs out there but the main thing for identification of the Asian lady beetle is that inverted M on the pro thorax there's a white M or W and that is always there no matter what okay are there any other questions out there okay I think we got it all covered here yeah thank you Jan for your presentation excellent thanks for your help I'm out in the fields it really helps having people out there looking for these insects