 That's into talk and then this is how terrible the names of the telescopes are and it goes up It goes up, right? But you'll notice that it starts in the negatives That's because I wanted to tell you about my absolute favorite telescope So I want you guys this is you have to guess okay, and maybe not the astronomers because you guys are way too smart But what do you think this is what telescope is this? And why does that look like there are windows that look like this? It's an aircraft. It's an aircraft. Yeah, this is Sophia Okay, so we take a telescope and we stick it in the back of a bone 747 and then we observe while flying around the earth Okay, why would we do that though like that kind of seems like a lot of work, right? Okay, so Hawaii, I'm on a camera. This is we're looking at different colors, right? And we're looking at how much light we can see because the atmosphere is a bitch and From okay, I was like, okay That's visible, right? And then everything you kind of all not so good. We can't really see as much, right? This is Sophia. We go above the atmosphere so we can see infrared light. So that's beyond red, right? Which is brilliant. I think it's brilliant. What's funny though is you have to stick an entire telescope in the back of a plane So they completely changed the design of the telescope So the back of the plane, they basically brought the back of it forward so that the entire back portion could feel the atmosphere and be completely out to the atmosphere and only that but they had to adjust the edge of the telescope so that air could like freely fly over so that you didn't get turbulent air It's brilliant. I'm so obsessed with this telescope So this this is okay, so how would you fly around so that you keep pointing at a specific object, right? So you have a specific point in the sky that you're trying to look at and each one of these portions here is where Sophia has Oriented itself to fly in the correct direction so that one side of it is pointing at the correct object constantly while the earth rotates And we just like take it around applause for that. That's insane Even more they have to get flight control to agree to these They literally they the way that they tell flight control of this is totally all right is they give it little like okay We're gonna be in this little hoop and we're gonna jump to this and then we're gonna jump to another hoop and another hoop And they basically have to be like we promise we're gonna get where we told just with approximations With a couple of approximations. What are the advantages though is that instead of spending up like sending? space craft or some form of Instrument into space we can actually adjust our instruments So it comes back down on the earth we get to this is the instrument bay on Sophia right here and we get to adjust that every single time It's really really beautiful Okay, this is the final portion. I promise this last part, but look at this right here is constantly moving So you're sitting in a plane and you're watching a telescope shake with all the turbulence and it's the one staying still You're the one moving Right. It's beautiful and just for a really quick reminder. Okay So here's our light and it comes down and it's landed across our primary mirror And then it bounces back up and then it bounces here and then it goes into our instruments. Does that make sense? All right, and if I haven't convinced you that it's amazing Five you can actually steal this telescope Okay, this is the next gas any guesses on this one I'll give you one hint, which is that it has been mentioned tonight Does anyone remember this one? It's Subaru So look that right there is like little places where people can walk this thing is ginormous, this is huge like this is huge But do you see it? Okay, so I told you that the names are getting slightly worse I think it's super was like not amazing But it turns out that this is a Japanese funded telescope and that in Japanese it means the pleaties So it's actually kind of beautiful. So I had to get to like slightly worse named telescopes eventually we'll get there Okay, so this is what the primary mirror looks like And I want you all to just kind of get prepared for what this is about to happen okay, so What it should look like and then one morning when some instruments go wrong What it does look like the next morning So at the very top of the telescope so like way up here You would see one of the main instruments and it has to be cool, right the same way that a radiator were pulling your car that same liquid Weaked and fell onto the main mirror and that's what this red stuff is and Not only that but it fell into the main hole So the light will actually come from above bounce bounce and then go into the center There's a hole in the mirror and hit our instruments. That's also where we've been to our instruments will be hurt But what I'm really proud of about this is that it only took them a month to complete me Basically rebuild the telescope that was completely fine. The mirror surprised. We just get around a little box and you're so It's the super of course it's surprised super Okay, and you guess it's on this one it's McDonald's Observatory It's late after the person who funded it though, so it's a little bit better All right, so this is a 2.7 meter telescope and I wanted to show you you know what a mirror should look like right? This right here is an Astronomers telegram, so this is where it used to actually be real telegrams because astronomers have been around for a while But this is the telegram where it says in view of highly exaggerated and incorrect news stories of great damage to the 2.7 meter McDonald's observatory refractor a prompt summary of the facts may be an incident to the historical community So so this is like the fake news of back then Right This this is what happened. So primary here Any guesses as to what those are? Not birds Bullets that's that's true So one of the people who they hired when they were going to the telescope They actually decided to shoot the main primary here and then they took a hammer and tried to put the mirror as well Which just like her seat Oh What's funny though is that they they called the cops after this and the cop not really knowing anything much about the Mirror should look like saw the hole in the middle and thought that the hole in the middle was the damage from the shots But what's amazing is that So each one of these they they took out the bullet holes They covered them up with black so that basically no reflection Would kind of skewer around your light when it was moving through the telescope and you'll see in the bottom of the atl But it basically had like a 1% reduction in efficiency. So that they was totally fine, which is mad How was that fine? I don't understand. There are five six bullet holes in your telescope, but it's good. It worked Okay, so any guesses on this one Yes, this is the very large telescope It's actually four telescopes unit telescope one unit telescope to can you guess the exit? And if you may Necessarily recognize this but you may know what this is Bomb things on yeah, yeah So when you're at an observatory, you need a place to stay right when you're doing many many some types of observing and This is the layer in one of Bonn's films And what's funny is so this is this is not what it looks like like a star is not normally this Setup like usually it's like you have a bed and you carry on food and you have a house But this is a beautiful set up and they actually use it as the evil layer in the films What's funny to me is that this these are the telescopes right in the film They hid them Like all of the shops, it's like you can't see the top of the hill Which is like a hole That's the fun part. No, it's great. That's great. It's in Chile. Yes, I have a comment Okay, this is my my top pride. This is the one that has the worst name any guesses It's the a hundred inch, but it's also called the booker telescope And you might yeah, you might laugh a little bit, but This is one of my favorite telescopes. It's actually extraordinarily Formative in terms of what we've discovered about the universe. Thanks to it So I just want to give you a little bit of the journey So this is the primary mirror. It was made out of green wine glass Like the same stuff that we make like a wine glass and they tried two times to make it and then let us these bubbles weren't supposed to be there that happened but it wasn't supposed to happen and they tried a third time with a thinner telescope mirror and That time it didn't work the problem with that is that when you move the telescope the mirror moves as well and gravity pulls on it And bends it so that it actually doesn't move the light the same way that you'd like it to So they took the second one that they had a shot with and they're like, all right We're gonna give this a shot and they spent seven years protecting it so that was within a millionth of an inch on the surface Beautiful and then if that wasn't the only journey though They were trying to make it up the actual mountain to bring it up to the telescope There were threats of bombs so people are gonna try and blow it up on the way up So this poor telescope trying to make it through but it made some amazing results. So anybody know who this is This is a hint for the astronomers Oh, this is Edwin Huffle and This is him looking into the hooker telescope and a couple things that was figured out from this telescope So first of all what I love I just love this Before they knew that galaxies there were multiple galaxies they called them island universes and he proved that Andromeda galaxy, which is a local island universe was actually not part of the Milky Way that it was separate and This right here later like 20 years later. We ended up discovering that not only was Our galaxy not the only galaxy, but our entire universe was expanding So this is the sound the scope is incredibly important which and it's the worst name tells it in my opinion So I've got both equally important and I'll just shout this out for this morning Gaia, which is one of our space-based Telescopes came out and it's giving the velocities and the distances to a whole bunch of local of local stars and galaxy and This right here is the Enromeda We're seeing the velocity from Enromeda the same exact thing just from this morning like fresh release And I'll just I'll just note that it's very worth being on Twitter because you get to see things like this So follow son of their wonderful All right, I just want to say that the future is very bright for astronomy, but it's pretty terrible for names So we have the extremely large telescope. Oh, yeah, great great and the 30 meter telescope I wonder how big the primary mirror is on that any guess All right, so just to give you perspective this right here is Hubble. That's the size of the primary mirror of Hubble This right here is the 30 meter telescope and this is the extremely large telescope. So these are these are All right, so I'll just leave it with that. I wanted to give a couple last shout outs the The multi-mirror telescope was originally going to be four mirrors. It's one I also wanted to give a shout out to the 30 millimeter telescope because that's actually pretty tiny Things that look like a like a soccer ball size and they're looking for supernova But they want to get up on the level of the 30 minute telescopes are also And speaking of TNT the Titan monitoring telescope has the same affidavit so great choice But although we suck at naming things like I was saying it's wonderful science. Let's stick around All right. Thank you very much. I'll take the question It's named okay, so why is that the telescope we're talking about the perfect telescope Why is it named that so the primary mirror was actually funded by hooker before they were funding for the entire telescope So it's named after him Way back there Yeah, you go on the ground. How long is the James Webb style so so This right here is James Webb compared to Hubble right there. Yeah VLT to the right. I see somebody found it It's right next to Thank you any other questions I Figure that I have to go in the tradition of terrible names, so whatever it is. I don't know what it'll be yet But it has to be terrible Why were they trying to bomb the mirror so I learned a lot about it, but that was lost to history Soon 24 So I that was also lost to history nobody knows why the telescope was shot And you have a question So the question is can the smaller telescopes will be useful given the larger ones and the answer is yes, definitely So a lot I'll mention really quick. I was talking about the 30 millimeter telescope This is used for catching really bright transients So when the light suddenly changes for instance one of stars blowing up like with a supernova And they are really really important for follow-up observations We use the entire fleet of telescopes just because we have the biggest ones We're doing unique science that can only be done with those telescopes and the surrounding ones can be using used for Developing other instruments and all the other science that's still necessary for follow Other questions Go He was in charge of NASA during the Apollo program, that's wonderful Okay I Already forgotten 23rd, right? Is that right the 23rd on a Wednesday? We're keeping this time slot so that we have darkness so that you can see the beautiful stars on the screen So remember to come at eight instead of seven and I'll see you next month. Thanks for coming out