 Hello everyone welcome back to another session in dentistry and more so we are continuing our fpd sessions So far we finished The components of fpd. So basically the fpd has four components. The first one is Pontic the retainer Then the abutment and connector So Pontic retainer abutment all we finished now we are in the fourth part of an fpd that is connector So connector is nothing but a Portion of fpd that unites the retainer and Pontic. So it connects the Pontic and retainer sometimes it will be rigid one or non-rigid one So classification we can put it into rigid where the movement of the parts that is a Pontic and Abutment sorry the retainer is not possible a little movement of the retainer and Pontic is Permitted is non-rigid one. So in rigid Connectors we have three types first one is a cast connector Then the soldered connector then the loop connector Whereas a non-rigid connector where little movement is permitted the first one is tenon modus connector Then the split Pontic connector Cross pin and wing connector and doubt tail Connector so this is based on the movement, okay So here there is no movement, but here it is limited movements of the Pontic or retainer. So let's see one by one before that Let's learn what are the ideal requirements of a connector So a connector should be wide enough to provide strength to the unit not wide enough to hamper the oral hygiene maintenance So it should not hamper or disturb the oral hygiene maintenance But it should be wide enough to provide the strength to the unit. That is a FPD unit. That was the first one that is strength This is ideal requirements first one is strength then It should occupy the normal Interproximal area that is it should preserve the embrasure. Okay, it should preserve the embrasure it should not be very wide so that it interferes with the normal interproximal area or dimension and The third one it should placed linkily and incisely in order to provide the Better aesthetics That is a third requirement, it should be placed incisely and linkily and the gap should be 0.25 millimeter Okay Now we'll start with the rigid connector That is it is the most commonly used one and it is ideal for the short span fixed Partial tension so it can be made by three process one is casting soldering or weld So casting means This molten metal is casted in full unit dye including both Pontic sand retainer Whereas a soldering soldering we learned in the orthodontics where a separate metal or an intermediate metal which has got lesser melting temperature than that of the parent metal is used and soldering the Two components whereas a welding so that is a third part welding It is nothing but use of a metal alloy having melting point as of parent alloy or It will be joined by heat or pressure. There is no separate metal is used like soldering, okay So rigid connectors are indicated in Uniting retinas and Pontics in which the entire load is directly transferred to the abutment So in such cases where the entire load is on the abutment We need to use rigid connectors, but it is contraindicated when there is a presence of Diasatema this contraindication, okay, so if it is Diasatema patient We can't use a rigid connector or if there is tilted abutment we can't use Rigid connectors or for a long span bridge also We can't use okay, this is contraindication contraindications of rigid connectors Now let's see one by one. The first one is cast connector, okay So cast connector First we shape in a wax as a part of the multi-unit wax pattern, okay So it is very convenient and minimize the number of steps involved in the lab procedure So we can directly make it as a single Unit that is it includes both retainer, Pontics and along with the connector So the fit of the individual retainer may be adversely affected because the distortion more More easily results when a multi-unit wax pattern is removed from the dye system So that is a problem with the cast connector so there are chances of fitting of the retainer Because of this distortion when we make a multi-unit wax pattern Whereas a soldered connector It is not melted during the soldering but must be thoroughly Vettable by a liquefied solder So dirt or other types of oxides on the connector surfaces can reduce the wetting and Hammer the successful soldering where we use a separate Metal that is an intermediate metal to solder the two components. So this metal has a low melting temperature than the parts or the Pontic and retainer being joined So as you see the picture here soldered connectors The it is waxed to the final shape but are then sectioned with a thin ribbon saw So these surfaces to be joined are flat and parallel then we keep a controlled distance of 0.25 mm The third one is loop connector, which is very rarely used Which consists of a loop as you see here on the lingual aspect. Okay, so a loop will be present on the lingual aspect Now we have the non rigid connector So when it is used so non-digit connectors are used when the possibility Is not there to prepare two abutments for a partial FPD So if you are not in a state to prepare two abutments for a FPD with a common path of placement We need to go for a non-rigid connector that is a tooth, which is measly tilted or large complex FPD's All these cases we can go for a non-rigid connector that is two abutment for a partial Processes with a common path of placement is not possible. We can go for non-rigid connector and if you are Uncertain about the abutments prognosis because prognosis might be a failure because it might It is already a weakened tooth structure in future it might Fractured in such cases we can Easily replace it or remove it if we have a non-rigid connector and In mandibular arch where it consists of anterior and posterior segment That is mandibular opening and closing stop which flexes Mediolaterally where the rigid fixed partial denture inhibits this mandibular flexure or dislodgement So in mandibular arch we can use non-rigid Connectors that is FVD which consists of anterior and posterior segment So the mandibular opening and closing stock there will be a flexure force Mediolaterally in all those cases we need to use non-rigid connectors if we use rigid connectors Which actually inhibit this mandibular flexure dislodgement forces Now let's see one by one That is a non-rigid connector basic design of tenon mortise where the Mortise is a female part that is a retainer. Okay, so mortise is a retainer It has got two parts. Okay, mortise We're talking about mortise which is a female part or the retainer and Tenon is a male part. Okay, which is the Pontic you can see the picture here It is easy to understand through the picture So you can see the retainer which is a mortise female part, which is the distal aspect and it provides the accurate alignment It can be a doubt tail or cylindrical shaped It is parallel to the path of placement of the distal retainer. Okay, so it is prepared free hand in the wax pattern or with a precision milling machine or prefabricated plastics So you can see the tenon which is a male part which is like a small projection Which is attached to the distal part of the Pontic. Okay, which is being placed on the Measial side of the retainer So that was about the tenon mortise where the mortise is female and tenon is a male. Okay, so this is Pontic and this is the retainer. So you need to Understand that this distal part is being the retainer and the measial slot on the retainer The tenon part is getting engaged Okay, so that was about the tenon mortise non-rigid connector So whereas a split Pontic in split Pontic This is an attachment that is placed entirely within the Pontic. Okay, so you can see the picture here it is placed It is an attachment which is placed entirely within the Pontic So you can see it is on the Pontic The measial segment as a distal shoe that is the Ginchival portion of the Pontic. Okay, the distal segment covers the measio-ginchival part of the Pontic So this is useful in tilted abutment cases where the use of a conventional doutail that is our Doutail is not possible. Okay, so we can go for this split Pontic one So this picture clearly explains it has got a measial segment and a distal segment So this picture A is measial segment and this is the distal segment. So this measial segment has a distal shoe Okay, that is a Ginchival portion of the Pontic. Okay, so Pontic is Split here. Okay, so it is not a single unit. It is a splitted Pontic. So the distal shoe That is a Ginchival portion of the Pontic and the distal segment covers the measio-ginchival part of the Pontic So it has got a measio-ginchival part and a Ginchival portion. So this is being attached So in cross pin and wing Connector what we are doing is these are the working elements of a two-piece Pontic system This allows the two segments to be rigidly fixed after the retainer have been cemented So it has got again two components where the Distal retainer and we are cemented first then the measial retainer and the part of the Pontic is seated next Just like how you see the picture. Okay, first the distal retainer and wing Then the measial retainer and the part of Pontic or the Pontic is attached So then a tapered pin is driven through the Pontic and wing Back out from the Pontic to provide and the dowel is nothing but the key Keyway connector That is tenon mortis one. Okay, so the key keyway connector is also known as the dowel tail So that was all about connectors in FPD. So it has got a rigid connector and non-rigid connector So when on rigid connector a movement of the components is permitted Here it is Fixed and there is no movement. Okay, so that was all about Connector that is a short note or short essay in university papers. So I'll come up with another topic in prosthetics. Thank you