 अम ने जोवोग सी प्री स्थातजीज़ी जिस्च्टक्स कीं अबी वो जिस्कंत, और्यंटेज़ बवाले से, वो जिस्च्च्टक्छी ये बीभी और्यंटेज़न की वबृआए खार्पां, कोमप्तिच्ट्ठ की अबआले से जो भी जिस्ट्चटकछीज़ जिस्च्टक ॐ you have to integrate it with the whole concept ॐ so thabh se pehle a ha mainapas jo questions hai ौ if prices are reduced, will revenue increase greatly ौ ye jo impact hai, ye jo questions hai ौ ye kis tarhaf translate kar rai ौkaunsi approach ko translate kar rai ौ��는 the price key ॉ quantity ka saath relationship ko baath kare ौ if prices reduce ki jayangi तो अगर तो कस टमर की प्रैसिंग जोभ, जो न दब बेशिखश न संब दे कस्तमर हो, अगर 그 सिस्नाललैति की बश्की उपर हो, या इसी तरह गए किसी अफ अर्ठ क्याच्तर की बैसिस की उपर हो, तो औस सूरत में ये कोनसी अप्रोच है, कोनसी स्तरतथी लिय जिस को लों इस सिजनलती प्यक्टर कोंसिटर मेरे का रहें तो अच्टिली आप कुस्टमर को सामने रखतेवे दिमान्ड और्यंटेशन को फोखस करें तर्ध लेवल के उपर दिसकाशन आप जो तर्ध स्टेट्मेंट है विल आगीवन प्रैस लेवल वाय या न डवाजक्बोंगयटा जहाए प्रीस लेवल वंप्रैस लेवल उपर क्या माखढब जह रीटेलर आप क्या जवाग है तो यह आप ओपार माखढब जह ठुको है तो यह ब्रोझ क्या है इस आप प्रहुटिबलिती इस सिट्ट्स्युर्टिकल on the basis of certain price level it is all about the cost orientation in cost orientation we are talking about the pricing of the product in cost orientation we are talking about how much is associated with it how much is the margin which a retailer is earning or can do we have a good example of cost orientation in this way we move forward so we have the next statement next question is what price level is necessary for a product requiring special cost in purchasing in selling in delivery etc so we have if any special cost is incurred on any product we have the cost of buying we have the cost of selling we have the cost of installation we have the cost of delivery so any cost incurred we have to set the price level so again because it is a discussion about the cost so this price strategy is about cost orientation so actually a retailer is following this kind of approach then what price levels are setting by the competitors competition if I see this statement then I can easily evaluate that because my approach is towards seeing what the competitor is doing so what I am following is the competitor or competitive orientation which was our third approach where the strategy where you keep the competitor in consideration then we have last example we have can above market prices be set due to some superior image due to some patronage due to some store image is there any customer pricing like this or any price level like this which because of your image you can sell into the market the good price level or maybe slightly high prices as compared to market again competitive orientation because you keep the competition and the slightly higher that is as per the competition as per the your image with the competitor if the competitor is an unorganized sector and you are an organized sector in this situation you can take an advantage of some percentage of margin over your competitor because your image is better than the competition so this approach we have compared to competitive orientation so here we have discussed the cost orientation example we have discussed the discount orientation example and here we have discussed the competitive orientation example we will go ahead and we will bring the discussion mail to the checklist of selected items which impacts the pricing decisions so the first thing we have is how important is price stability the perspective of price stability and how long should prices be maintained it is very important is the fluctuation in the market or is the price stable and if it is stable then for how long you have to maintain that price so that a retailer can ensure loss or less margin or how long I will earn this margin so price stability is a very important point of the checklist which helps us in pricing decision as a retailer after that is everyday low pricing desirable like Walmart and other big stores they go on the concept of EDLP which is everyday low price so is the concept desirable in that country in that state in that province in that city if it is desirable of course you have to set your pricing accordingly so retailer has to evaluate whether there is a desire for low pricing or not next point is should price change if cost or customer delivery if price change will happen if cost increase or customer demand increase will it impact price or not so accordingly retailer will make pricing decision then should the same price is to be charged to all customers buying under the same conditions or there have to be different prices for different customers buying under the same conditions or buying under the different conditions so do you have to keep price levels for different customers or you have to treat everyone same or you have to offer same conditions the same pricing for everyone this retailer will help in pricing decision then should customer bargaining be permitted as you observe in open market when any customer goes to shop then he bargain with the retailer he is ready he is a convenience store he is a good store so customer's bargaining he does so you have to see whether the bargaining is permitted under the store or not accordingly you will set your pricing should odd pricing be used odd pricing which is 6999 rupees concept or 7599 or 699 so odd pricing should be used or not depending on the culture of the country you decide and then accordingly you act should leader pricing be utilized to draw customer traffic if yes should leader prices be above or below cost so price leadership case if that customer traffic then in that case you are not seeing whether it is less than your cost and accordingly you have to take that decision so should customers or consumers be offered discount for purchasing in quantities should customer get any benefit if you buy one you will pay 10 rupees if you buy three you can pay 9 rupees each so which means certain discount facility on quantity purchase should be allowed or not then should price lining be used to provide a price range and price points within that range if this facility is there for example customer has all types of quality so do you want to keep this option as a retailer or you do not want to carry this option and then last point we have checklist which helps pricing decision pricing practices vary by department or product line either you will use the pricing strategy as per the same product line or on all category same product line we are talking about any particular department or overall store we have to follow that pricing practice so what should be the practices we should follow by department by product line we have to specify so here in this checklist we have identified all points which help retailer to take pricing decision and if retailers have these questions he can easily specify and develop this price strategy so that it will be beneficial for customer and for retailer