 Alright, we are here at California at Santa Clara, the ID Tech X 2019. We are not lost in space. This is a feature talking about the use of our inks in some space suit evaluations happening with one of our customers here at the human spaceflight laboratory at the University of North Dakota. This is a fun application, but it really speaks to the kind of versatility and innovation that's happening with our inks products. So this is a fun thing that we're featuring here in California. So where does your ink go in there? So what's been done is our inks have been used in a lattice underneath the skin here to serve as puncture detection and impact strikes. So it will give the astronaut and also the station crews and ground crews indications of the health of the astronaut in space. And so astronaut debris strikes and meteor strikes are a real concern, particularly with increased dust and orbital debris in space. And so this is a fun project that we've been able to support through providing inks. But really, as we go around, we're featuring not just the inks, but also our pulse forge tools. So we launched a couple of years ago the pulse forge event, which is fully featured even at a low starting price. But what we've done this year is augmented the applications and we're talking now about soldering. And so using the pulse forge tools to actually solder surface mount components onto low temperature flexible substrates. And so in this case on the video, these are screen printed solders, standard off the shelf solders. We can apply a selective exposure mask as necessary. Not every application of soldering will require that. But a specially configured tool with an additional set of power supplies is able to deliver the high energy that's needed still on the short time cycles to melt the solder, attach the surface mount components to the solder, to the substrate, meeting the test standards and performance standards required of the solder, but doing this on low temperature flexible substrates. So when we think about flexible and hybrid electronics, when we think about wearables and foldable electronics and this kind of a thing, the need to combine the performance of traditional technologies with sort of this flexibility and bendability of the flexible substrates has necessitated the need for solder technologies that can use accepted industry solders, but on these low temperature substrates. And it turns out that the pulse forge tools are absolutely able to do that. So we have some exciting projects happening with that. Because there's a lot of soldering going on in technology, right? But those four soldering is critical. How much of this can you affect? Yeah, all of the electronics that we have are based on soldering, alternatives that have been used for the low temperature applications, including some adhesives. There's been some work on low temperature soldering, but each of those options has certain non-desirable attributes, including brittleness in some cases, lack of conductor performance. And what we're able to do is use our tools with rigid soldering and have actually the standard solder and keep the benefits of the standard soldering. So over here we have, for example, an image of soldering. And so this is an X-ray image, actually, and we're able to see that the quality of the bonds are excellent. We get the nice scalloped attributes and indicates that the solder has reflowed. And we have customers that we're working with on this, even at the early stage of the development. Behind us on the video is a partnership we're doing with the Hull Center and the Netherlands. And this is to implement roll-to-roll technologies to demonstrate the soldering application. In this case, we have the web coming through the tool, and here's a soldering specific tool that's been built. And we're able to use this tool. This is just coming online over the last few weeks at the Hull Center in Eindhoven. One of the key enablers for this continues to be our numerical simulation that we developed and continue to update. So this is an actual application of the simulation here on the laptop, magnified on the large screen. We can see that this is a representative stack. It's user-definable, so in this case, we just applied a five micron layer of silver on 100 microns of PET. We can toggle the mouse here and see that as we move this screen, the arrow, we can see in real time as we make the adjustments what the temperature profile is at the depth of the arrow. So this is a really helpful feature for our customers. One of the questions we get is how do we know that this is actually the temperature? Yes, this is based on thermo-physical properties of the materials, but we also know that this is actually the right temperature because we can benchmark it with new sensor and temperature-sensing capabilities that we've developed to get the fast response time that's consistent with this kind of microsecond, in this case, 500 microsecond pulse length. So part of what we're doing at Novacentrix is not just developing the processing tools and the applications, but also user aids so that our customers can understand how to use these tools, including simpulse and including accessories such as this temperature sensor. We have some new filters that are able to be used as well. And when we think back to our fund space suit example, that's just one example of the kinds of inks that we have over here, so the kinds of inks applications. And so at Novacentrix, we're making silver inks, we're making copper inks suitable for really any kind of inkjet deposition. And in this case, we're even showing rolls of material that we've had inkjetted using one of our roll-to-roll tools. So let's come on down to the other side of the booth and look at our roll-to-roll system. Ian is getting the final touches dialed in for a day at the show, but we've got a roll-to-roll system here, inkjet heads, processing on a six-inch roll of paper material. We have an inspection station, and then here we have the pulse-forge tool. So in this case, it's a 1300, which is a high-power variant that is useful particularly for high-temperature gradients. It's overkill for silver ink on paper, but for some higher-temperature materials, it's absolutely required. So is this one of your bigger machines? Yes. What do you have even bigger than that? No, this is the larger size of the integration tools that we have. So our specialty is really the pulse-forge unit. What we've done is work with partners on the inkjet side to be able to develop our inks, such that they match the capabilities of the inkjet heads and can deliver really consistent performance. When you turn on the machine, it works. When you turn off the machine, it turns off. Simply said, but believe it or not, the embodiment of that is actually really tricky and hard to do. So this is really an impressive machine in this industry, right? It is. What have you been mainly doing the last few years? What's been the developments? So what we've been working on over the last couple of years is getting the reliability of this system really tuned. And we've learned a lot over the course of that time. We've learned about the need for material compatibilities. We've learned about how to drive the inkjet heads to be able to deliver the right amount of ink onto the substrate. We've learned about updated ink formulations that are able to be easily printable with the inkjet heads and then also have good adhesion to arrange the substrates. So really, what this represents is the system-level integration where it's the material, it's the equipment, and it's the know-how all coming together. Any one of these on its own is enough of a challenge. But to get a functional system that's integrated is really a challenge. And we're really excited to be able to feature at our space today Paul Gairde from Neosun. And Paul is a customer that we've been working with for a couple of years on this now. Yes, absolutely. So you have these. So what are we looking at here? These are printed batteries. So these are formed in four stages, iron cathode with an ink that's cured on the pulse forge. So what kind of battery is this? How much power it comes through here? This is for IoT or wearable devices. So it has a high output capability but low capacity. Can you introduce yourself? I'm Paul Gairde, I'm the CEO of Neosun Energy. We partner with Nova Centrics on the equipment side, on the ink side, and also on the product side. So here's your banner. It says 40 milliamps, 1.5 volts, disposable, 12, what is this? 12-bottom durability. So shelf life. What kind of market is this for? It's for, particularly for IoT devices. Lora devices, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi devices. It can also be applied in any application where you need a very small form factor. And this is a radio that's built on the Nova equipment. Radio? It's a radio filled with Modem. What's the small chips here? This is a Lora device. This operates at 900 MHz. And this is a printed antenna. And then the battery couples on the back to power the device. So how is it to work with Nova Centrics? How much is possible to be achieved? What can you do? I mean, they're a leading edge company. Equipment, inks, processes. We're working with them on fabricating this battery in millions of units, basically. It's already in millions of units? Or it's going to be? It's going to be. How soon? 2020. So a lot of things are happening this year. Is this flexible? It's flexible. You can cut it. It's completely safe, transportable. This has got all its certifications for moving around the world. Is it easy to swap for a new battery after 12 months? It's a throwaway. It's meant for throwaway. And it goes in the waste directly. There's no bad chemicals, bad materials. Do you have some other ideas for killer apps, use cases that are going to be? Good question. So right now we're working on disposable cold chain devices. So for monitoring foods, monitoring pharma, these are devices that can go at a low cost inside the food or the pharma. And then it's throwaway at the end. Nice. That's really awesome. So maybe we can grab back the microphone. And here we can see right here. This is examples of radioism. So this stuff looks really awesome. Basically, you're enabling some amazing stuff, right? So we have so many exciting customers. We're really pleased to be able to partner with Paul. Thank you, Paul. And here at the conference in Santa Clara at ID TechX, we're partnered with so many of the companies that are here at the trade show. This one? We can walk. We've been working with Volterra. We have some activities that are early stage with Bot Factory. As we go around, this is really such a thriving ecosystem. And we come to this event. This is a chance to work with technology partners. And then also this is a chance to meet with so many of our customers that can come here from Asia, that can come here throughout the Bay Area, and really throughout the world. There's a pretty active group of folks from Europe that have come in for this event as well. And here at the beginning of day one, we're pretty excited. Not even started yet. No, we are about to start. We see some people starting to filter in. But we haven't seen the wave yet that's going to start when the gate's officially open. So how would you describe the state of printer electronics and how fast is it growing? Sure. So I think that the market now is increasingly starting to recognize the potential and opportunity of this kind of technology set. What this technology set is really able to do is to give product engineers, product marketers, brand managers, options for increasing the performance of their products, either by adding electronic functionality sensors or batteries or lighting that will enhance the user experience. Packaging companies are continuing to look at opportunities to apply these technologies, as Paul mentioned, for cold chain, logistics tracking, quality management. One of the hindrances for packaging adoption has been that that's famously a very cost-sensitive application. And so many of the companies in this space now and in the room today have really been working on dropping and reducing costs. And that, in turn, is opening up packaging applications. Automotive is another emerging technology space, application space that we're seeing, and consistent with how automakers are rethinking automotive interiors with automated semi-autonomous driving and display technologies and rethinking about what are passengers in the vehicle doing if they're not driving? Are they interacting with the vehicle? Are they interacting with the environment? Are they interacting with each other? Are they interacting with people outside the vehicle? So we're seeing a lot of emerging opportunities related to activating different portions of the vehicle interior as well. And you've been exhibiting at the ID Tech Actuals for a few years. Yes, I was trying to reflect on this recently. I believe our first exhibition here was in 2005. Maybe it was 2006. I think it was 2005. So it's been almost 15 years now that we've been coming to this conference, which is a long time. We've seen so much evolution. Initially in the early days, this conference had a few companies, very simple drape and tables. And what we see now is companies, not just Nova Centrics, but others that are building more sophisticated booth spaces because they have more content to convey. They're more mature as organizations and they want to project that kind of brand presence. And you're all the way from the R&D parts to pre-R&D parts to prototyping to mass production? Sure. So many of the folks in here now are involved in Nova Centrics as well in production applications of these technologies. And so over the last five or six years now, increasingly different of these technologies have been adopted into applications, different types of consumer electronics, different types of wearable technologies are now incorporating these kinds of technologies. And we think that we're still on the upswing. So the space is far from mature, but we're also, I would say beyond the infancy. The technologies have been validated. Another key event for us coming up is the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January. A few of us are also exhibiting there. And what we're seeing with this is that this is a great convergence of the readiness of the technology space with awareness and receptiveness by product companies that may not specifically be aware of what's happening in the printed and flexible hybrid electronic space, but nonetheless are extremely receptive to these capabilities. And so we've exhibited there for the last three years now. This will be the fourth year to exhibit. And we're quite excited. Every year has brought us great contacts and business opportunities. And it's so exciting to feel that energy and that alignment with emerging customers. Because if you can get from this awesome future kind of space to day-to-day consumer products and everything, then making that job. I mean, you are already starting that, but if it becomes like in everywhere, that's right and of course the customers themselves don't specifically care what the technologies are. They're just looking for what these technologies can do for their products and to add real value in their market space. So increasingly what we're saying is companies in the printed and hybrid electronic space are not necessarily marketing themselves as printed and flexible hybrid electronics companies, but they're marketing themselves as an enabler for customers to get to more engagement and a more unique customer experience for their customers. And in as much as that requires the use of these kinds of technologies, then that's fine because these technologies now have been validated and are increasingly being validated even as they continue to evolve. And so I think the timing is really nice to continue to see strong growth in the space.