 Hi, everyone. My name is Sing Tong, and I'm a core developer at the Electric Coin Company. But today I'll actually be talking about another project, so I'll be talking about this technology tree that we've built at Foresight Institute that's mapping out the intelligent cooperation landscape in terms of the core and frontier technologies, the applications that use them, as well as the challenges and open problems that we still face today. So I've been helping to build this tree along with my collaborators, Max and Dennis, and we're going to take you through basically how we've built it and what we've learned and what's in store. So intelligent voluntary cooperation is a paradigm. It's a paradigm of decentralized and secure cooperation across human and computing entities. So we can think of blockchain today as already the prototypical version of this, whereby uncoordinated entities are given an environment with a securely neutral environment in which they can interact in a cooperative and positive some way. So voluntary cooperation means that every individual is acting according to their own values and they're not required to compromise their values or any misalignment. And Foresight Institute's thesis is that this paradigm will extend even further to artificial intelligence and increasingly sophisticated artificial entities. And we're already seeing this right now to a large extent, a variety of bots on Ethereum from your basic crawlers all the way to arbitrage bots or MEV extracting bots. And so the thesis is that with intelligent voluntary cooperation, we can continue to play positive some games with these artificial intelligences. So how we get there from our current state today is a question we're trying to explore and a question that we're trying to systematically document the answer to via a technology tree. So some of us here may already be familiar with the tech tree from the game Civilization. It basically takes you through eight stages of civilization and in each stage there's a bunch of technologies arranged in a hierarchical order, meaning that some technologies are prerequisites for others. And to progress in the game you have to unlock each stage of the technology. And you're going through errors in parallel to the development of human civilization and we progress all the way until the information age which we're in right now. So how we've done it slightly differently for this project is we've replaced the tree with a deck, a directed acyclic graph. And the difference between a tree and a deck is that each child in a tree can only have one parent, but that's not the case for decks. A child can have multiple parents. And for me that means that basically given a starting node and an end node there are multiple paths between those nodes in a deck and that's not the case for a tree. And in other words it means that the relationship between parent and child is no longer strictly prerequisite and instead the more parents you have the more possible paths you have to get to your destination. So we've built the intelligent cooperation factory with four large categories of nodes. The first is core technologies and these are already well known and well developed technologies upon which applications are being built and being used today. And then we have frontier technologies which are in the research phase and they're nascent and not in production yet and they built definitely on top of core technologies and current applications. And finally we have challenges. These are obstructions, blockers, open problems that we need to solve in order to really fulfill the potential of the frontier technologies. And by the way I'm not sure if this taxonomy is the best or I found it productive but the point of the talk really is to share what we've done and hopefully to inspire comments, suggestions and contributions. Yeah and in that spirit this project is an open source project, everything's on GitHub and we want collaborations, we want power class. And to that end we've structured the project such that it's modular and the data structures are robust meaning that editing one part of it will not break the other parts. This file structure is showing you the nested data structure that is in the back end that allows you to edit really just specific parts of the project. Well and this is as opposed to some earlier methods we've tried including drawing one huge picture on Google Slides. So that is fragile and every shape you change on Google Slides affects every other shape so that's not sustainable for open source collaboration. As I said it's also on GitHub and yeah the benefits of that are version control and attribution so we can revert breaking changes and we can credit contributors as well. So I gave a little preview of our graph visualization software just now. It's using a library called Sight Escape JS developed by some graph theorists and it has many, it's very feature rich so for instance you have compound nodes which can contain child nodes and this captures richer relationships between nodes that some are subcategories of others. Also these nodes are collapsible and this might seem like a mundane feature but to me it's made a big difference because it's been able to let me zoom in and out of the graph and see connections on different scales and we'll see later on, we'll look at the graph later on and see what I mean. And lastly this is the graph theoretically robust data structure which means you can do graph theoretical analysis on it. For example you can find strongly connected subgraphs or weakly connected subgraphs. You can do things like clustering or find the shortest path between two nodes. All kinds of fun stuff like that. We get it for free because we've used a robust data structure. So now it's time for a demo of the working prototype. It's hosted live here but I'm just gonna run it locally. Right so this is the most zoomed out view and you can see here a bunch of core technologies and mostly frontier technologies and one challenge data governance. So if I were to quickly point out some of the connections here so we have artificial intelligence and decentralized infrastructure coming together to give us decentralized AI and then similarly decentralized infrastructure and private computation together give us private decentralized computation is pretty straightforward and then yeah artificial intelligence and private computation gives us private AI. So these three on the right are all highly theoretical, highly frontier cutting edge even speculative and some of the most exciting fields. These are also the fields which I have not had the time to really flesh out because as you can imagine documentation is sparser on them so any domain experts or any interested researchers who are seeing this we welcome your contributions. Something interesting that has emerged from this view for me is the centralized data governance as a challenge. So really data is so essential and it's so essential to so many of these technologies that it just emerged as a very important component here that is a blocker for many of our technologies. So if we go into a few of these notes I think judging by the crowd here I'm gonna go into decentralized infrastructure first. So that was a nested that was a compound note and inside here we can have multiple children notes each of which can also be a compound note. Let me zoom in a little bit. Yeah so these are some areas in the category of decentralized infrastructure. I work mostly on privacy which is not in here but which a few technologies here rely on. So for example if we think about scaling which is a challenge in many blockchains today we have ZK rollups which rely on zero knowledge proofs and that's a project that I'm actively contributing to. People here I'm guessing would also be interested in decentralized society. Yeah the layout is automatically generated so it saves me a lot of trouble but it also removes a lot of control. But we can see here I've put in civil civil resistance is a challenge in decentralized societies. All protocols that think about identity and that think about scarcity have to contend with civil resistance. We have like sole bound tokens for example so the nice thing about this structure is that you can capture the metadata as well and you can put in really rich descriptions off each note yeah including links and just use for resources. I know there might also be a d-side crowd here so that's okay I'm lost on this graph give me one second and a feature I really want is to control f text search on this graph yeah which I haven't built yet d-side we said yeah so challenges in d-side for example funding for example replicating results for example incentivizing peer review frontier technologies projects that work on for instance the digital digital computational lab and I think the last note that I want to look at is DAOS which is it's actually a sub-note in decentralized societies I believe yeah so the many different classes of DAOS and each of them you can write examples resources yeah so this really is a demo and a prototype of the current state of our tech tree and we invite contributions so this is hosted on github and you can contribute by opening an issue or a pull request we have templates to make it easy to add a note or an edge or if you want to directly edit an existing note or edge you can make a pull request we also would really welcome features suggestions so for example I am aware that the github interface is not accessible to many people and a graphic user interface is a lot more intuitive and convenient so as a user your perspective on useful features like for example a button to add a note or edit a note control f or more graph theoretical features like highlighting a shortest path or highlighting all paths involving a certain note or subset of notes these are features I want at least and this would this would for example highlight communities or projects that are very strongly connected or they would highlight yeah interesting things like the shortest path between two nodes yeah and we we've been hacking on cytoscape so far which is a wonderful open source project and if you're an engineer we invite you to come build with us it's mainly a bunch of JavaScript and finally the foresight institute has bounties up on gitcoin and these bounties are derived from the challenges identified in the tech trees so if you're a builder or a maker in any way please respond to one of our bounties on gitcoin and yeah if you're interested in contributing to this project or finding out more about what foresight does here's a QR code and link for you that's all I have thank you