 May I now shift to you, Aminata and you, Serge, to give us a view of where we are in terms of outlook. Are we in a real recovery? Are we in major uncertainties from what you see? And what could be the geopolitical or the political and social consequences of something which in the continent, in this continent, has been maybe a bit more an humanitarian issue and a real social issue, even more than a sanitary issue in a sense. Thank you very much. Well, I think that, first of all, WHO and the United Nations owe Africa an apology and we're still waiting for it. It was announced that we would die by a million, we didn't. We are very much here and standing. So that apologies are to be sent to us. Many theories came up that's because we were taking a lot of chloroquine to fight malaria. That's why we were more resistant, etc. But I think it was just the result of the underestimation of the capacity and the abilities of African countries to deal with crisis. And yet if the analysis was made a little bit deeper, WHO would understand that we have the biggest experience in terms of fighting pandemics. I was Prime Minister when Ebola struck in studying in Sierra Leone, in Guinea, etc. That's my experience that we fought it. So we built upon that experience to take the right decision in many countries. That was not a complete lockdown. That was sometimes halfway because it wasn't possible to do what happened in Wuhan, impossible in Africa. But the right measures, I think, helped to contain and limit the damages. So that also needs to be clearly acknowledged. It's not by random that we are the less affected. No, it's the result of sound decision that were taken with huge, huge negative consequences. Let me take an example, Senegal, that's the easiest. When the pandemic started, we were up to 7% of economic growth. 12 months later, we went under 1%. So that's huge, and it takes huge time to recover that. Let's also know that, we do know that, but it's good to recall that, 70 to 85% of our economies are informal, which means that they are not recorded in the books. So these are the normal people, as you call them, Prime Minister Zensu, who go day by day after their life trying to make a living day by day. So when you take restriction measures in terms of movement, limitation of work time, I mean you're affecting a huge cohort of populations. And it takes time to recover that, and we are still in a recovery phase from what I see. So it's something that we also have to acknowledge that, and I've seen, I think that was two days ago, a study. So it's saying that we might lose some life expectancy progress that we have done. We realize over the last decade, just because of COVID. So we have to have a broader understanding, as you said, linking the social impact and the economic prospect. It's very, very important in the recovery phase, which means that we will have to put the money where the mouses are, which means that we will need also to support a sector that is vital. The informal sector, of course, there is a whole discussion about how to move from informal to formal, but we will carry on that discussion, but for the time being, we have to pick them up so people can come back to their regular standards. And if you have witnessed in many countries, including mine, few months after COVID, I mean we witnessed some unrest in many places. But the real reason was that it was unbearable anymore. People have lost their means of living and became utterly poor. So if we want to sort of look into the future, but at the same time, that was a great experience to build upon from a governance perspective. Of course, as I said, for the poorest and the most vulnerable, that was a dramatic experience and they're still recovering. But for the government in terms of budgeting, what lesson we have learned is that we can also count on our own strengths, because that's what we have demonstrated, a great resilience in the front of what we have seen. Somehow, COVID was sort of a wake-up call for dreamers like all of us. That's why I'm so happy that this gathering is happening, because the first collateral damage of COVID was multilateralism. International cooperation was that, as we know. It was impossible to move from a country to another. Airplane, everything went closed. And of course, we all have witnessed the fight over this one, the mask, let alone the vaccine. And that is also a question that is very important. So that's why it's important to link the health and the economy, because that's a slogan, but it's so real. Nobody is safe until we all are safe. I mean, we know that there is 194 UN membership, but if we don't take the right course of action, we would end up with 194 variants of the COVID. So we are in this crisis for a long time if we don't take the proper measures. But what we are seeing, nationalism around vaccine, countries would have even the means to buy and not having, you know, anybody to, you know, from who you can buy the vaccine, because people are now in third dose of vaccine, while others, as it was said, we are very privileged. But how long we can sustain that? And at the same time, expects to have a full recovery of the international economy. So that is something that we really need to sort of reflect upon and link much more the economic community and the social community, maybe under the umbrella of forests like these ones, the U1s and others. So that is something that we really need to reflect upon. But we also learn, you know, from a governance point of view, that there are immediate and urgent action to be taken. It's how Africa is going to build its medical and pharmaceutical independence. For me, it seems like the critical question that the African Union needs to solve and to make progress upon. That's what we have learned until you get independent, because we saw it. I mean, that was really sobering, as a matter of fact. You know, we've been conceptualizing about globalization, the global village, etc. But we saw that we were very far from that. We immediately felt into, you know, very hardcore nationalism that we haven't seen, I think, for a long time. So from an Africa point of view, I think we have to move forward in terms of having collective projects. We're only conversing between ourselves up to 12%. In the rest of the world, it's 60% in Europe. I think it's a little bit less than 60% in Asia. We are just 12%, which means that we have a space to grow. But we have to sort of go beyond the boundaries and see how we're going to put together, I mean, this major, major, major project. And the first one being, as I said, the medical and pharmaceutical independence, because the last thing we would like to see happening is COVID becoming sort of a public health permanent issues. You know, staying between 1%, 2%, 3% for the rest of the time. And if you don't take the course of the right course of action, that's what is going to happen. And we know who are the ones who are going to suffer the most as we know it. You know, it's the same for all pandemics. It's going to be those who are the most vulnerable in rural areas, women and young people most of the time. So making the link between what happened and even the stability of the continent and the needs to have internal response to the challenges seems to be very important to me. That opened up the question about industrialization. That was the same thing because as we commerce only 12% between ourselves, we import most of the goods that we consume. We realize that, well, we have to produce simple goods and that's also an opportunity for the rest of the world to invest in Africa. We think that industrialization more than ever, in the eyes of what we are, the pandemics and the lesson learned from the pandemics, I think we cannot postpone any longer our industrialization prospect. And I think the good way to start might be in the pharmaceutical sector, but also in all sectors. Because we face also the whole issue around procurement of simple things, syringe sometimes. I mean, simple things and that's the lesson that really we want to learn. And it opened up also the possibility of creating jobs in a continent where 70% of the population is below the age of 35. So it's a mix. Of course we resisted. We've been resilient because we were the less affected and it's not by random. It's because we demonstrated capacities in terms of taking the good actions. But at the same time we suffered a lot because we didn't, of course, we didn't see what we thought happened and was the reality, multilateralism and international cooperation just was wiped off the table. So we had to cut it to ourselves, which is a good thing. I think it reinforce our self-confidence and we have to carry it forward in terms of, as I said, our sovereignty when it comes to medical and pharmaceutical, but at the same time globally in terms of industrialization. So I think it's challenging, but at the same time it's open up avenues that we have to courageously take up. Thank you. Thank you very much, Madam Prime Minister. You addressed the complexity of the situation and the dualism of the situation. I like very much when you say that Africa has been resilient, has become aware of its own strength, has been well and quickly organized in a sense, and globally was underestimated. There was a performance of Africa and the resilience is not a hazard. Yet you are emphasizing the informal sector situation, which is a major difference. We share maybe with some countries in the Indian subcontinent, which is very different from the rest of the world, where 50% of our GDP in sub-Saharan Africa is made by the informal sector. In your country it's probably 80% of employment. It's 90% in mine, but even in a bit more advanced countries in terms of evolution like Maghrib, it remains 30% to 40% of the employment. And the number one creator of new jobs. Yet we had no means for the government to support efficiently this informal sector, and the SMEs in general, in our countries, are very small firms. We had not the same public finance resources to support the households and the SMEs and the corporate world in general. Nothing like in the OECD countries. So it's very important that you emphasize that it has made aware everybody in Africa and I think in part of Asia of the fact that we have to define new governance rules and develop the independence. You said in the health system, in the manufacturing system, it will accelerate the trend to a major change of our economies. Yes we can in certain extreme situations be efficient, but we have structural weaknesses. What is important is that we know that we can address them and tackle them. That is a major change. It's not purely a question of recession and recovery. It's a major change for the future.