 Good morning and welcome to BC 103 new Testament survey last class we We studied on the Gospel of Matthew. I hope it was a blessing. So what was our learning in last class? What did you learn from the Gospel of Matthew each of y'all can share one point? It would be a refreshing moment for each of us Y'all can unmute and share one point that you learn from previous class and Or you can type it on the chat Rin Sri Radha, what was your learning? You can unmute an answer I'm going to ask everyone everyone will take turn to share. What was your learning from the last class? because New Testament is very important. We should at least know from the Gospel of Matthew. What was our learning? Yes, please unmute Chira and you can share what was your learning and we will not repeat our points, okay? Yes Yes Very good. Thank you, Chira Matthew was a Jew and he represented Jesus as the King Okay, anyone else You can unmute on it It is about the kingdom of heaven. He shared about the kingdom of heaven. Yes Vijay Prince The Kingly Connections Okay, Prince on Vijay It has more differences from the Old Testament May I? Can you hear me? Yeah, I mean can you hear me? I can't hear you Okay The emphasis of Matthew is about the showing Jesus as King because as far as his Kingly connection He was from the line of David and that is sorry somebody was speaking Yes, thanks Nina. Yes Jesus I just want to say that as far as the Kingly connection I mean we know that that he was from the line of David, but yesterday when we were looking at it In 27 27 27 to 30 the real thing of a king was because of his crown and scepter And which we know was a crown of thorns which was set on his head So while he was the King in the truth that sense of the word, but really the Things that they showed as far as the King was concerned was these things which he went through for us So I was blessed by that Thank you. Thank you Nina for sharing that. Shri Radha Rin He's mentioned that Matthew is mentioning that this is the book of Kingly Dawes Matthew's parents their dedication and their call that they had on Matthew when he was a small Baby When they dedicated him to the Lord like how he would Serve the Lord and that he is God's thing the call never died and it remained of you know after I mean after Jesus called him and There's a thing that like was like how Matthew wrote everything in detail Because he was a tax collector prior to the call that Jesus called him and Yeah, that's what I like Thanks, Rin. Thanks, Rin Nikhil Vimal King and kingdom women Gospel of Matthew is written for Jews and Mark is written for Romans and Luke is written for Greeks John is written for and The gospel of Matthew talks about the kingdom and the kingdom Okay. Okay. Yes The gospel of Matthew talks about the king and the kingdom of Okay. Thank you guys for sharing Well, even before we could move on with the gospel of Mark Can I request one of y'all to please unmute and pray? Thank you Lord Lord we come near to your home and I pray Lord Jesus as we are going Oh And give us more Give us more grace and what Jesus help us to learn more Lord Jesus. We give you praise and honor in Jesus name So let me share. Yes, Sean. Please go ahead. You can unmute and share We have Shiv Kumar also Samuel Prabhu Please feel free to unmute and share about your learning on the gospel of Matthew. Meanwhile, I'll try to project the PPT Go ahead, John. My audible. I'm audible, right? class Unmute Sean you should it's nothing from our side Can you hear me? Yes Ah Ma'am, I want to say that I wrote about the cinema last last but there are places of worship located in different places in each city and It would became the time of apostles. What do you say? It's about the cinemas, ma'am Can you hear me now? It's full. Okay What did you share? Yes It's about the cinemas Okay Yes, I wrote that there are places of worship the located in different places When each city for worship and the later became churches in the time of apostles. Okay Yes, sir Thanks, Sean. Anyone else would like to share Samuel Prabhu, let's move on to our class Okay, today. We're going to study on the gospel of Mark. We talked about Jesus as the perfect servant Okay, what are your thoughts on the gospel of Mark? Even before we could start what are your thoughts on the gospel of Mark? What does the name mark mean? mark means The name of the mark means polite or a big hammer Okay, and we all know the author of this book. What's the author? Who's the author of this book? What's his full name? His full name was John Mark John Mark. Okay, let's look into the background of who was John Mark So his full name was John Mark as per acts chapter 12 verse 12 acts chapter 12 verse 12 So this is a combination of Greek and Or a Roman name So it may suggest that his father was a Roman and his mother was a Greek So in which case he was most likely to be a Roman citizen So his mother name was Mary. We get to know from acts chapter 12 12 Okay, so little is known about her except that she had a big house Where they used to meet for the church service seems to be very popular figure in the early Christian community Where there was a church gathering used to take place in their house so If somebody has got a big house that means First little on the weldier side and we also see that there's no mention about this father The scholar suggests that his father would not have been a Christian or he was no longer in the home possibly Not alive. So there's a lot of emphasis to be is on the relationship with John Mark's uncle that is Barnabas We get to know about this from the Colossians chapter 4 verse 10 that Barnabas was John Mark's uncle. So the early life when we look at the early life of John Mark We see that there's not much about this early childhood been mentioned any of the scriptures or any of the Gospels or in the epistles, but it is most likely that he used to be around you know Among the prominent figures in the early church So he was most likely to be very close in the ministry of Jesus. Why because his mom was in faith Okay, his mom was in faith. So some historians or the scholar suggests that His home Was used for different activities related to ministry They used to keep this house available For the ministry purpose of the people to meet in their home to worship God to share the word Okay, and some of the scholars also say that maybe they used their house as the upper room for Jesus and his disciples to celebrate the last supper and Where the disciples waited and also on the Pentecostal day where the disciples waited for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit so Throughout the Gospel of Mark we see that His name is not mentioned So most of the scholars say that it was a norm in those days It was a norm for the authors not to mention their name through the book. Okay, so Ben said that There was an incident recorded in Mark chapter 14 Mark chapter 14 verse 51 Can we turn to mark chapter 14 verse 51 and 52? You see it is written as now a certain young man followed him Having a linen cloth throat around his naked body and the young man laid hold of him and he left the linen cloth and fled From them naked So when Jesus and his disciples were in the Garden of Gethsemane when the soldiers came to address Jesus So in verse 51 and 52 we see that there was a young man Clothes in a linen when the soldiers held him he left his cloth behind he ran away he fled So the some of the scholars say that because it is only Recorded in the Gospel of Mark. So some of the scholars say that this man who ran away from that place may be John Mark Okay, because his name was not mentioned second It was the only ease was recording that incident. So maybe it is the and as per John 1926 we see that it was the customary for the authors not to leave their name and they book that they Write and also some of the biblical experience that we see See that is he returned to Antioch from Jerusalem with Barnabas and Apostle Paul after they presented the church with a relief offering So they were some record about John Mark been mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles especially in Acts chapter 12 onwards you see Most on about John Mark been part of this missionary journey with Apostle Paul and Barnabas has been recorded Even in Acts 13 when we look at can we turn to Acts chapter 13? verse 4 and 5 Acts 13 4 and 5 can I request one of you all to please unmute and read We will do you unmute when you're reading So being sent out by the Holy Spirit It they went down to Slechia and from there they say to Cyprus Okay. Thank you. So we see that you accompanied Barnabas and the Apostle Paul on their first missionary journey to serve as their Assistant and can we look into Acts chapter 15 verse 37? Acts chapter 15 Yes verse 37 to 39 when we look into these scripture verses We see that he left the team and went home to Jerusalem early on the journey so this was Interpreted by Paul as a very serious negative on John Mark because later part later part We see that We see that in Acts 15 36 to 40 36 to 40 when we read that Then after some days Paul said to Barnabas Let us now go back and visit our brethren in every city where we have reached the word of the Lord and See how they are going now Barnabas was determined to take with them John called Mark, but Paul Insisted that they should not take with them the one who had departed from them in Phamphilia and had not gone with them to the work Then the contention became so sharp that they parted from one another and so Barnabas took John Mark and sailed to Cyprus But it all chose Silas and departed Being commended by the brethren to the grace of God and then he went through Syria and Sicily are strengthening the churches So when Barnabas recommended John Mark to be along with them in this journey For which Paul was not comfortable He had a very bad opinion about John Mark because he didn't end your with them in the first missionary journey Well, there may be certain reason from John Mark side. He was a young adult He was also homesick. There may be different reasons Okay, some scholars say that he may be homesick anxious about his mother's safety and Some say that he was very fearful because of the persecution and the peril that they need to endure during the journey. So those may be one of the reasons why John Mark would have left Paul and Barnabas in the first missionary journey And went back home because the missionary journey was not very easy for them for him to end your one who is too new in the ministry It's very difficult. He could not end your Maybe they had to go through You know homeless nights or there was no proper shelter no proper food They had to walk long path. They were persecution So he had to endure all this and for him to go through what he was going through maybe it was too hard and that age So he had to get back home leaving Barnabas and Apostle Paul, but this incident Caused a very bad remark on John Mark with Paul So the second missionary journey when Barnabas recommended him again Paul was very stern enough to consider him for the second time thinking he might do the same thing again with them But then we get to study about John Mark late apart How he grew in the Lord and turned to be more matured enough of which Apostle Paul who rejected him in the second missionary journey now Later is considering him to be much profitable We see that in the scripture. Let me turn to second Timothy chapter 4 verse 11 Second Timothy chapter 4 verse 11 He says only Luke is with me Get Mark and bring him with you for he is useful to me for ministry same man Condemned him saying no You know, okay If you want to take Barnabas if you want to take John Mark go ahead on a different direction And I'm going I'm going to take Silas along the Same man who refused to take John Mark But at the later part you would have heard about John Mark the change a remarkable change in his life and the way he served and now Is recommending saying that bring John Mark to me because he is useful to me for ministry You see there's a change in life There is a change in life. So that's one of the reason why we should not be giving up on somebody in the ministry Because the Lord has his own way the way he works and eats into the church The the maturity does not come with age the experience but then They grow in experience Maturity does not come in age, but they grow in experience So that's how John Mark turned to be more matured enough in the ministry where he became very useful to fossil point later in the tradition. We see that in first Peter chapter 5 verse 13 First Peter chapter 5 verse 13 Say she who is in Babylon elect together with you greet you and so does Mark my son So here we see Many believe that because of this unique use of his mother's home that was available Okay, Mark had a bit of spiritual experience and also he started To relate with Peter and serve along with apostle Peter So he believed to have a you know Be along with apostle Peter because the book that Mark Mark wrote is usually called gospel of mark is also called as Peter's gospel Because it's generally conceded that Peter may have suggested some of the materials that has been found in the gospel of mark because mark was the interpreter For Peter when he was at Rome Mark was the interpreter to Peter when he was at Rome So most of the material that has been noted down noted down in the gospel of mark has been shared by Apostle Peter. So that's one of the reason why they there is this call is called gospel of mark to be the Peter's gospel So it is believed that after his work with Peter at Rome He went to Alexandria and Egypt and held to establish the church there So while in the work that he was sever severely persecuted later part Later part the scholars say that John Mark was severely persecuted and tortured to an extent where he was styled behind a horse And dragged into the city And he was jailed many times But all these things never stopped John Mark from serving Jesus of sharing the word He was not wavering in his faith What happened in the initial days made him only grow stronger And he was a man of determination. So this man Grew to be more mature that he could endure anything for Christ Anything for Christ. So some traditions say that he was martyred by being burned during the Nero's reign So this would have happened because during the Nero's reign when You know Peter and Paul was executed So after that even John Mark was executed during Nero's reign So being said that let's move on to the next phase about the book when was the book gospel of Mark written So many scholars believe that it was the first gospel to be written during the early days about 57 to 59 AD and some of them say about 61 AD so Whichever season or time it may be but it was the early gospel that it was written and most scholars believe that he wrote it to Roman he wrote it For the Romans Mark gospel covers approximately four years The life of Jesus from the ministry of John the Baptist to the ascension of Jesus So these are the certain points that we need to remember that gospel of Mark was written when he was in the room and Mark's gospel covers approximately four years life of Jesus from the ministry of John the Baptist to the ascension of Jesus and the gospel of Mark has about 16 chapters And the main theme of this gospel the main theme of this gospel is Christ The tireless servant of God and man The main theme of this gospel is Christ the tireless servant of God and man So to whom was this gospel written? As I said, it is written to Romans. So So he His desire was to show the Romans that Jesus was God's servant acting under the authority Of God where we see most of the time in the gospel of Mark We see he gives immediate and full obedience to all his commands. So there are several incidents That covers in this book that it denotes that this gospel was written to the Romans One such verse since it was written to the Gentiles or to the Romans We find only the actual very few quotations from the Old Testament been Mentioned in the gospel. It talks about John the Baptist and not Jesus So this is an amazing contrast when we compare it to the book of Matthew because in the gospel of Matthew We see he covered most of the Old Testament There was a comparison of Old Testament scriptures. Whereas in the gospel of Mark. We see very few of Old Testament scriptures been noted and also we see that mark omits much of the preaching But he records much of the action. So we see Jesus very clearly focuses on the action action side So for this is one of the reason why the book size when when we compare to book of Matthew to Gospel of Mark Matthew had about 28 chapters And in gospel of Mark, it's only 16 so much lesser And notice there's a key word in the gospel of Mark that is immediate. Let me turn This slide see Jesus is always into action immediate. Okay, we see that the Greek word for immediate is Euthis Which occurs 42 times the gospel of Mark Whereas in Matthew it occurs only 15 times and eight times the gospel of Luke and And only four times in the gospel of John So we see mark is trying to portray Jesus more on the continuous action when compared to the other book So what happens here? We see always as an action breaking of the roof and bringing down the paralytic man and then we see Jesus going to another paralytic man near the pool of Bethesda Then we see Jesus, you know to all the hard work labor see I'm taking few of the Pictures which is available from the chosen series. It's not that I'm promoting But I'm just trying to portray some of the recent pictures for us to relate and understand Yeah This I come later You see Jesus on continuous action and move Okay, so mark gives a translation of certain Aramic words that the Jews would have known When we turn to mark chapter four verse 41, let's turn to mark chapter four Verse 41 says and they feared exceedingly and said to one another Who can this be that even the wind and the sea obeyed? So Jesus goes and you know speaks to the wind and the sea calms it down and uh in mark chapter Then there's a scripture reference. I didn't get it correctly. Just give me a minute Okay Okay, it's here It's chapter five verse 41 chapter five verse 41 Mark chapter five verse 41 where we get to see uh, you know mark use an aramic word Which says uh, then he took the child by the hand and said to a talita to me Which is translated as little girl. I say to you a rise So here we get to see that he is relating to the roman crowd and using all these words To help them understand and some scholars also say that mark Often gives a latin version of certain Normal greek words where it suggests about the roman Orientation so the term that mark used for the basket in 421 421 he said to them is a lamb brought to be put Under a basket or under a bed. It is not to be set on a lamb stand So here are certain words that he uses are mostly termed into a latin version Where he also uses in chapter 12 verse 14 for the taxes and then later in 15 chapter he used it for a centurion So these are the latin version of these words, which is only used in the gospel of mark. We also see that um Mark seems to feel the need to give a geographical description for the amount of olives and Jordan was a river where You don't have to explain all this if he was writing to jewish crowd because they already knew But because he is writing to a roman crowd. So he had to mention all these So mark also omits few references to the jewish law because That may not impress the roman that may not interest the roman crowd So he tries to omit all these old testament references in this book So what was the purpose? behind mark writing his Gospel so You see that mark gives a remarkable statement of the purpose as the other writers So his basic purpose seems to have been to win The converts to christian faith by presenting Jesus of naziric as the perfect and a faithful servant of the lord Immediately in the whole gospel when we read that Shows that that he is immediately Acknowledging that jesus is the son of god because in the very First chapter first chapter verse 1 chapter 1 verse 1 he mentions that Mentioned that the beginning of the gospel of jesus christ son of god He's relating Jesus of naziric There's none other than son of god and then he shows to be He shows that jesus was a suffering servant and he was willing to sacrifice for the sins of mankind So in this portrayal of jesus, he focuses on two things On both the mission of jesus ministry And also that he is here to give his life as a Vance as a sacrifice. So in the first half of the book First half of the book that is from chapter one to about chapter eight We see that jesus serving others by ministering to the human needs Human needs he goes voluntarily he goes and meets every need And in the second half of the book that's from about Yeah, maybe uh mark 11 to To the last chapter 16 He focuses more intently on the suffering of jesus On the suffering side of jesus So mark 10 let's run to mark 10 45 Mark 10 verse 45 Can I request anand if you can read? For even the son of man came For even the son of man came not to be served but to serve And to give his life as ransom for many Thank you. This is the main scripture for this book A main point that Gospel of mark john mark makes it that is for even the son of man Did not come to be served but to serve And gave his life has a ransom for many So what is the specialty that this book denotes that is the book of a servant What is that it's setting apart that this book is a book of a servant Anyone from the class The first indication when we studied about the four gospels, you know in the introduction to the four gospels What did we study we studied that this gospel of mark has no indication of genealogy Because no one are interested about knowing the genealogy of a servant. So there is no genealogy There's no birth record of the adoration of the wise man or uh, you know the pre-existence of Life of christ. So as a servant genealogy is no important to the roman Roman mind why should when a roman is reading for rim jesus is no one So why should he be interested in knowing the genealogy of jesus? So there's no real value. So John mark omits that he just jumps right into the action part The work that jesus did when he was there and he also focuses on the work of the serving Rather than preaching and talking. There were so many sermons that jesus said which uh, the gospel of matthew spoke about the sermon and the mount multiplying of the food Here we see john want has not talked about any of such preaching But he mentions the action how jesus came to serve and suffer We also see that jesus performed miracles that he would often instruct Those who touched to tell no one In this book Because servants do not get lot of credit for what they do He got it. So that may be one of the reason, you know, john mark make sure like, you know, whenever jesus did miracle john mark Actually notes that jesus said do not Tell this to anyone. So the servants do not get any Credit what for what they do? So jesus ministry at the time left him no time to eat He was so tired, but still he went beyond Uh, you know beyond his own needs to meet others need that's what the servants do isn't They don't give the priority for them But they give priority for the others need and serve others There are some other things that are very strangely Absent in this gospel that is there is no reference to judgment of christ And the king throned in glory So even in the garden of gethsemane, there's no reference of his ability to call for the angels for his rescue Or you know, we see in the other gospel where you know, when jesus prayed the angels came and strengthened him That has not been recorded And in this commission, he gives no reference to his having all power and authority He just in makes it very simple So the book ends with jesus still working with his followers Jesus still working with his followers. Let's turn to Mark last chapter that's chapter 16 Will read 19 and 20 Can I request one of y'all to please read rin? Can you read? So then after the lord has spoken to them He was received up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of god And they went out and preached everywhere the lord working with them and confirming the word through the accompanying signs So the book of mark is indeed important Because the world needs to see a christianity that is more than speaking So they need to see christ and action through the lives of those who bear his name So they need to see an army of believers who live to serve and touch And felt the need of the world So as we discussed this there are a few concerns about this last chapter the book of mark. What are they? many scholars believe that mark 16 verse 9 to 20 mark chapter 16 verse 9 to 20 or mostly Most most of the scholars say 15 to 20. Okay 15 to 20 should not be included in the book of mark Mark 16 Verse 15 to 20 must not be included because the reason behind this has to do with the fact that Some of the old manuscript dating back to the fourth century do not contain these verses 15 to 20 so most of them end with verse 14 They do not have 15 to 20. The reason is It's interesting that the greatest conflict comes over the verse dealing with the supernatural commission of the disciples So the scholars explain that Some feel that since mark Ended the gospel abruptly Later some scholars or writers have filled the gap to the other gospels To have a completion towards this gospel So they believe that these scriptures of about six Verse was added much later by the other scholars to give a complete completion of this gospel Comparing to the other gospel. So some feel that the manuscript would have omitted the verses reflected The fact that the last verse were dropped because They posed a theological problem relating to the Expressions which was later added But whatever the case is It is for us to it is important for us to understand that all Things mentioned by christ in this commission are confirmed in other places in the new testament and so We can consider these scriptures So that's one of the reason why canon Accepted these scriptures and made a note of it to bring a complete completion Confusion for this gospel So with that I end this session of gospel of mark and next Session we will go through the complete story of the gospel of mark on a story form for us to understand and Remember okay. These were the certain facts that we discussed in this class Okay, so I hope you would have made a note so that we can discuss next class At least each one of y'all should share one point which is unique. I don't want any Reputation but one point to be shared in the class. So it helps us to refresh and learn Okay With that we will end the session with a word of prayer Dear god, we thank you. Thank you for this. Thank you for this time that you bless us Lord, I lift up each of us in this class into your hand. We have joined now and we would be joining later We pray that lord Us as we study the gospel of mark the heart of the servant Will be implemented to our hearts of our For us to understand and know And come to a place that To have this attitude to serve lord Because the scripture says that we are not here to be served to serve others Consider others better than ourselves lord. I pray that this gospel will change your heart and mind and help us prepare To serve others the way you wanted us to serve Thank you, father in jesus name. We pray amen Class I request y'all to please go through The scripture the gospel of mark so that we can understand as we study Thank you so much for joining in today's session. See y'all next week. God bless