 This is a lady who had decreased vision in the left eye for two months. She's actually a government officer and apparently she was washing her face one day when she closed the right eye and found she couldn't see. It's difficult to imagine that these things happen in this day and age. But anyway, her CT scan, which was done elsewhere, had shown that there was hypostosis you see of the entire lesser wing. And there was an on-plug meningioma extending into the cavernous sinus all along the lesser wing, completely encircling the carotid. And so in this situation, I felt that probably the best thing to do would be to offer her just drilling of that bone and open up the optic canal. Look to see if there was any soft tissue inside the optic canal intuitively and leave it on that and radiate the tumor. So here we are, this is the left side, that's frontal dura, that's the lesser wing being wronged off, that's temporal. And I generally use cutting burr laterally, but as we go more medially with copious irrigation and a diamond burr, that's what I prefer. Now the anterior client process, it heads in that direction and quite often both the frontal and temporal dura, you see that they kind of obscure your view of it and so you have to peel the outer layer of dura of the superior optic fissure and cut that layer. And you may need to go down to the Fremont Rotundum also to give you a wider exposure because with your suction and the burr, you may not have a good view of the whole thing, so it gets kind of cramped. So there on the frontal side, we are just trying to separate off the dura there and that's the superior optic fissure dura that's been cut. And if you go little more, there you'll get the Fremont Rotundum. And copious irrigation, you can't do too little irrigation, try and do the whole area to the same level rather than go down into one little cone into a hole. And here the whole aim was to expose the entire optic canal and so that's what we are doing right now. I generally don't put in bronzers over there because the canal as it is, you have a compromised nerve with probably reduced vascularity. So to put in a bronzer there might be dangerous. Now after that we've opened the dura and taking a couple of biopsies to make sure that it really is a meningioma. And then we'll retract the dura a little bit to actually see there was tumor extending into the optic canal so we got that part out as well. But it's really quite satisfying when you pull back the dura and look at the entire optic nerve exposed. You really feel good about yourself and in fact she did have a good improvement in her vision. In this situation I had opened the dura just as a curvilinear fashion so it was quite easy to close. Every time we open the dura down onto the carotid artery and get around, it's extremely difficult to close. So you put muscle and fibrin glue and all that. Thanks a lot.