 Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankar's Academy for the date 16th August 2020. These are the list of news articles chosen for today's analysis. It has been given along with the page numbers of different editions of Hindu newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time stamping for the displayed articles is given in the description box and also in the comment section. Let's move on to our first discussion for today. Our first discussion is based on one of the important verdicts of Supreme Court in the recent. And these two news articles are with reference to that recent Supreme Court verdict only, which stated that daughters have an equal birthright to inherit coparsinary property like sons. So in this news analysis, we will discuss what do we mean by coparsinary property, then what was the tradition and how this tradition was altered through an amendment in 2005 and what were the doubts which came after that amendment. And finally we will see how the apex court has settled this matter recently. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. See in this regard, first you should know about the Hindu Succession Act of 1956. This act has codified the law relating to interstate succession among Hindus. See here the word is interstate, not interstate, there is no R in between. Here interstate refers to the scenario where the property holder has died without making a will or testamentary disposition. Now this act brought changes in the law of succession among Hindus and it gave rights which were till then unknown in relation to women's property. But this act suffered a major disadvantage because it did not interfere substantially with the special rights of members of Hindu Mittakshara Coparsinary. As a result of this, women in such Hindu Mittakshara Coparsinary households were at disadvantage in relation to Coparsinary rights. So what is this Mittakshara Coparsinary? See there are two main schools of Hindu law. They are Mittakshara and then Dayabhaga. And in this the Mittakshara school of Hindu law is further subdivided into four schools. They are Benaras, Mithila, Maharashtra or Bombay school and then Dravidha or Madras or Madras school. And according to the FAQ article which we are discussing now, the Mittakshara school prevails in most part of India. So now let us see what do we mean by Coparsinary. A coparsinary is a smaller unit of Hindu undivided family that jointly owns ancestral property. A coparsinary by tradition consists of a father at the top of a line of descent and then his three-linear descendants. Here the three-linear descendants are his sons, grandsons and great-grandsons. Now these members are called as coparseners or co-owners or co-partitioners. And according to today's articles, this system is based on the Hindu tenet or belief that only males up to three degrees can offer spiritual support or administration to the ancestor. So it's supported the belief that only males can be coparseners. See in the Mittakshara school, a male's right to a coparsener is by birth. So by tradition, this coparsenery or ancestral property rights excluded women. This means that there was gender discrimination in the coparsenery rights. So now let us see what were the legal provisions made for the devolution of interest in coparsenery property. Now this was dealt by section 6 of Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and the original section which prevailed prior to the amendment was found discriminatory to women. This is because it was silent about women's coparsenery rights. Therefore an amendment was made in this section in 2005. Now if we read the statement of objects and reasons of the amendment bill, we can know why this amendment was brought in. So let us see what that statement of object and reasons mentions. It mentions that section 6 of Hindu Succession Act deals with devolution of interest of a male Hindu in coparsenery property. The section retains the Mittakshara coparsenery property without including the females in it. And this means that the females cannot inherit in ancestral property as their male counterparts normally do. So the law by excluding the daughter from participating in the coparsenery ownership it not only contributes to gender discrimination but it also has led to oppression and negation of her fundamental right of equality which is guaranteed by constitution. So this was what mentioned in the amendment bill of the Hindu Succession Act. So what was the actual amendment? See it mentioned that on and from the commencement of the Hindu Succession Amendment Act of 2005 in a joint Hindu family which is governed by Mittakshara law, the daughter of a coparsener shall by birth become a coparsener in her own right in the same manner as the son. That means she will have the same rights in the coparsenery properties as she would have had if she had been a son. Now this amendment altered the traditional aspect of coparsenery which was discriminatory to women and just here know that these amendments were made based on the recommendations of law commission of India according to its 174th report. This report was on property rights of women proposed reform under the Hindu law. This was the title of the report. In addition to this amendment it also stated that where a Hindu die after the commencement of Hindu Succession Amendment Act of 2005 then the coparsenery property shall be deemed to have been divided where the daughter is allotted the same share as what is allotted to a son. That means after the commencement of this amendment act both daughters and sons should be given equal division of property. Then the amendment also stated that this devolution shall not affect any partition or testamentary disposition of property which had taken place before the 20th December 2004 because this was the date on which the bill was presented before Rajasabha. But here the main bone of contention was the statement on and from the commencement of Hindu Succession Amendment Act of 2005. See this amendment act came into force on 9th September 2005 but we just saw that the amendment section 6 gave coparsenery rights to women by birth that means it is an event of the past that is it is an antecedent event. See here the issue is even though act came into force in 2005 the issue was will it be applicable to women who were born after the commencement of this amendment or even who were born before the commencement of this amendment. So this has led to confusions and as a result there were different interpretations of coparsenery rights that prevented women from exercising their birthright and here one argument was that this birthright is applicable only for women born after the commencement of the act. Then it was also argued that a woman can exercise this right only if her father is alive at least on the date of commencement of the amendment act that is if her father passed away before the commencement of this amendment act then she is not considered as a co-owner of the ancestral property but however the Supreme Court has put an end to all these questions. Now Supreme Court noted that section 6 of Hindu Succession Act of 1956 conferred the status of coparsener on the daughter who is or was born before or after the amendment in the same manner as it confers the same rights and liabilities to a son. So the rights can be claimed by the daughter who was born even before the commencement of the amendment act this is the stand of Supreme Court that means they can claim their coparsenery property rights but they cannot modify the partition or testamentary disposition which had taken place before 28 December of 2004. This means if the ancestral property is not partitioned before this said date of 2004 then she has birthright to and it is said that since the right of coparsenery is by birth it is not necessary that the father coparsener should be living as on the date on which the amendment came into force. Additionally Supreme Court also stated that a plea of partition based on oral evidence alone cannot be accepted and such a plea of partition has to be rejected outrightly. So this is what the Supreme Court ruled on August 11th of 2020 and this affirmed the right to equality of women in Hindu undivided family. So these are the information that you should know with respect to this verdict of Supreme Court. With this we come to the end of this discussion that is paid practice question will be discussed in the last session. Our next discussion is based on these two news articles which talk about the recent Israel United Arab Emirates peace deal. So in this discussion we'll have a brief understanding about Israel's conflict with Arab states and what are the recent happenings in this regard. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First let's have a brief background about Israel-Palestinian issue and also about Israel's strained relations with the Muslim world. See the Israel-Palestinian conflict dates back to the end of 19th century it was primarily a conflict over territory because Jews after fleeing persecution in Europe they wanted to establish a national homeland in the Arab majority and Muslim majority territory in the Ottoman and the later British Empire and this led to Arab-Israeli war of 1948 and after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war the holy land was divided into three parts. They are the state of Israel the west bank of the Jordan River and then the Gaza Strip. Now during this United Nations also intervened but an early United Nations plan to give each group a part of the land actually failed. So Israel and the surrounding Arab nations fought several wars over the territory. Now the today's territory that exists it largely reflects the outcomes of two of these wars and one war was obviously which happened in 1948 and the another one is the one which happened in 1967. In the 1967 war Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt then it captured East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan and then it captured the Golan Heights from Syria. Now after suffering this defeat in the hands of Israel Arab countries convened or met in Sudan's capital which is Khartoum and these Arab countries declared their famous three no's against Israel which is no peace with Israel no talks with Israel and no recognition of Israel but if you see after a decade this position was abandoned by the Arab countries like Egypt and Jordan and as you know today's news is even now this has been abandoned by the United Arab Emirates. See in 1979 Israel and Egypt concluded their peace treaty and as a part of this treaty Israel withdrew from Sinai and then in return it asked for Egyptian recognition and then in their 1994 Jordan became the second Arab country to sign a peace treaty with Israel and in return Israel agreed to the formation of Palestinian authority in the West Bank and Gaza and as you know today's news is a peace deal between Israel and United Arab Emirates has been negotiated by the United States of America. So now the question is why United Arab Emirates had to make peace with Israel. This question arises because the Muslim world sees Israel as persecutor of Muslims and the Muslim world has a very severe hostility or opposition with Israeli government also but the answer to this question is very simple because due to the changing world and evolution of new geopolitical realities the nations in the Gulf region had to update their foreign policies to protect their own interests. Let us understand what this actually means firstly the old enmity between Arab countries and Israel has dissipated or reduced and even the Sunni Arab kingdoms in the Gulf region such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had developed back room contacts that is secret contacts with Israel over the past several years already. So this was one of the reason then another factor which brought UAE and Israel together or which brought them closer is their shared antipathy or hatred or dislike towards Iran. Now both these blocks that is Israel and UAE were worried about former president Barack Obama's Iran outreach which is JCPOA that is a joint comprehensive plan of action but when Mr. Donald Trump became the president his administration brought these two blocks of East Asia that is UAE and Israel who are both American allies together now as a result of this only the peace deal was signed between Israel and UAE. Now what does this peace deal actually mean see it conveys that Arab countries are okay with Israel's occupation of Palestine now what they do not want is a major change in the status quo that is they do not want any change in their current existing state of affairs because it could put them under political pressure and diplomatic pressure. If you remember on 30th June Indian News analysis we have said that Israel is planning to annex Jewish settlements in West Bank now this annexation could have made Israel-Palestine issue much more complicated because it would have changed the status quo but now this UAE-Israel agreement has averted this annexation plan because according to the joint statement by both the countries United Arab Emirates and Israel would establish formal diplomatic relations and in exchange Israel would suspend its plans to annex parts of occupied West Bank not just this in the upcoming US election if the democratic candidate Joe Biden comes to power and if he restores the Iran deal then both Israel and Saudi blogs in the West Asia would come under pressure to live with a powerful Iran now this would affect the security interests of both US allies who are Israel and Saudi Arabia so a formal agreement and enhanced security and economic ties make the Arab and Israeli sides better prepared to face such a situation so there is a convergence of interests for United Arab Emirates Israel and USA to come together in the region and as a result of this the peace deal has been concluded so now what about the Palestinians after this peace deal see the only positive thing for Palestinians is the suspension of Israel's annexation of West Bank but what affects the Palestinians most is the dwindling or gradually diminishing support to their cause from their Muslim brothers because now they have started supporting Israel openly so what are the geopolitical implications of this deal see many countries including India and the European powers have welcomed this peace deal but the Palestinian leadership as well as Turkey and Iran have criticized United Arab Emirates and even the ultra conservative groups of Iran have threatened the UAE's decision they have said that this deal has made UAE a legitimate target for pro Tehran or pro Iran forces and Turkey's president Erdogan has warned United Arab Emirates about suspending its ties with UAE see this is actually highly hypocritical or two-phased decision of Turkey because Turkey is already having diplomatic relations with Israel since 1949 now finally what are the implications for India see because of this peace deal India has more to gain than to lose because India enjoys good relations with two out of three power centers they are Israel and Saudi Arabia and until few months ago India also had a good relationship with the third power center as well which is Iran and as we can see that in the recent years India is moving towards USA so an agreement which is negotiated by USA between India's strategically important friends Israel and UAE is actually beneficial for India so that is all about this discussion in this discussion we saw about the background about Israel's conflict with Arab states and then what were the changes in the recent times and finally we saw about the implications of the peace deal for India also for this we come to the end of this discussion that is play practice question will be discussed in the last session moving on to the next discussion based on this news article see as we all have realized the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the importance of strong health systems and interventions and based on this view only on the occasion of India's 74th independence day that is yesterday our prime minister has announced the national digital health mission so in this context we'll briefly discuss about this scheme today the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference see the core feature of this national digital health mission would be a unique health ID and this unique health ID is a digitally verifiable health identity and it will work as each Indian's health account now this unique ID will be provided to every citizen and it will have details of the diseases diagnosis report medication etc in a common database and according to the news article the ID will be updated regularly and every time a person visits a doctor or a pharmacy everything will be logged in this particular card that is from the doctor's appointment to the medication everything will be available in the health profile and here know that this national digital health mission would be a voluntary program and it aims to reduce the gap among stakeholders such as doctors hospitals and other healthcare providers and this will be done by connecting them in an integrated digital health infrastructure and according to the news article this mission also aims at liberating citizens from the challenges of finding the right doctors seeking appointment then paying consultation fee and making several rounds of hospitals for prescription sheets because all of this will be taken care by this unique health ID and the details in it now this mission will be first tested in union territories of Chandigarh, Ladakh, Dhadar and Agarhaveli and Amarindayu then Puducheri, Andaman and Kuber islands and Lakshadeep then after this centered will work in partnership with the states to launch this mission and know that this mission will be designed built rolled out and implemented by the national health authority. See as you know the national health authority was formed by replacing the national health agency in January 2019 for the better implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Aroge Yojana which is one of the interrelated components in Aishman Bharat and we discussed about this PMJAY on August 11th only now this national health authority is an attached office of the ministry of health and family welfare and it has full functional autonomy this national health authority is governed by a governing board chaired by the union minister for health and family welfare so now this national health authority will design build roll out and implement the national digital health mission and according to some sources patients will give one time access to their health data to doctors during their visits to the hospital for consultation so that means there is a ground for breach in data privacy so this has raised the questions of data privacy so the chief executive officer of national health authority has said that the core building blocks of this mission such as health ID, DG doctor and health facility registry all these will be owned operated and maintained by the government of India and still private stakeholders will have an equal opportunity to integrate with these building blocks and they can create their own products so let us hope that the government will keep these core activities and verifications such as generation of a health idea with itself and the government ensures data confidentiality so that we will need not face leak of personal information as it happened in the case of other card with this we come to the end of this discussion we will discuss more about this mission when it comes into force let's move on to the next discussion moving on to the next discussion based on this news article which talks about river godavari the news article mentions that a flood warning has been issued for godavari and its basin areas in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana so in this context let's have a brief discussion on godavari from prilam's perspective see godavari is the largest peninsula river system of our country it is also called as dakshin ganga i know that it rises in the sahiyadris near triyambakeshwar which is in the nasik district of maharashra so it rises in maharashra and its tributaries run through the states of maharashra madhya pradesh chattisgarh udisha telangana and andhra pradesh and it has a length of 1465 kilometers and it has a basin area of more than three lakhs square kilometer and this is nearly 10 percentage of the total geographical area of our country i know that the basin area is bounded on the north by satmala hills the ajanta range and the mahadev hills and then it is bound by eastern guards on the east and south and then it is bound by western guards on the west in this context just know that the nasik of maharashra and then badrachalam of telangana are the holy places which are located on the banks of godavari and even kumbh mela which attracts millions of devotees is organized at nasik after every 12 years as you know now the principal tributaries of godavari are pravara, purna, manjra, pen ganga, varda, ven ganga, pranthita, indravati, manair and sabri. now in this pravara manjra and manair are right bank tributaries and then purna, pranthita, indravati and sabri are important left bank tributaries now since it is the longest river of south india many dams and river projects are constructed across godavari to meet agricultural needs and drinking water needs and some of the important dams or projects which are built across godavari river are dauleshwaram barrage that is cotton barrage then polavaram project then kaleshwaram lift irrigation project then nizam nagar project etc. now in this you should note that sir arthur cotton barrage or the dauleshwaram barrage is one of the oldest in the country see the old anikat was constructed during british period by sir arthur cotton it was built during 1857 to 1862 it served the godavari delta system for more than a century but it was showing signs of distress so the anikat was replaced by sir arthur cotton barrage during the years 1970 to 1988 and this barrage was named after sir arthur cotton for his service in the construction of old anikat so these are the information that you should know with respect to godavari now the display practice question will be discussed in the last session let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on this news article which talks about a small-scale study this study has found that tea sales may prevent reinfection of covid-19 at varying levels in some cases they have also seen some kind of tea cell responses even among the unexposed healthy blood donors now one of the reasons why such responses were found in unexposed individuals might be because of previous infections by other common cold coronaviruses therefore the tea cell responses may show previously unanticipated degree of population level immunity against covid-19 now this study requires further substantiation by conducting large-scale studies and then clinical follow-ups so let us take this opportunity to know about tea cells in human beings see tea cell is a type of lymphocyte a lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that is part of immune system there are two main types of lymphocytes actually one is B lymphocytes and then T lymphocytes B lymphocytes are also called as B cells and then T lymphocytes are also called as T cells now in this the B cells have the ability to transform into plasmocytes and they are responsible for producing army of proteins called as antibodies now these antibodies are used to attack invading bacteria viruses and toxins therefore it is said that humoral immunity depends on the B cells now the humoral immune response is a response mediated by antibody molecules which is secreted by blood plasma because these antibodies are found in the blood the response is called as humoral immune response see here humor generally refers to body fluid and here it refers to blood now this type of immunity is called as antibody mediated immune response now next is T cells see these are the cells that destroy the body's own cells that have been taken over by viruses or they destroy the body's own cells that have become cancerous and these T cells have the potential to recognize diverse antigens from pathogens tumors and the environment and they also maintain immunological memory now this immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens and that have been encountered previously now this immunological memory of T cells is found to be effective against the reinfection of COVID-19 now the study has found that once a person is infected with COVID-19 the immune system evokes robust broad and highly functional memory T cell responses so a person may not be reinfected by COVID-19 see here know that the humoral immunity or antibody based immunity depends on B cells but the cell immunity depends on the T cells now while the T cells do not produce antibody it helps the B cells to produce them and here know that the immunity offered by T cells is called as cell mediated immunity now these T cells are also known to make the transplantation process difficult it is because they identify cells of one's own body and stimulate immune response on cells transplanted from other person's body now this is the reason why a patient who has undergone transplantation will be given immunosuppressants because these suppressants moderate reactive T cells or these suppressants lead to the death of reactive T cells so that the body does not reject the transplanted organ or transplanted tissue and that is why we say that the cell mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection or the rejection of transplanted tissue so that is all about T cells which you should know from exam perspective this practice question will be discussed in the next session now we have come to the last session for the day the practice questions discussion session this first question is a two statement question the first statement is as per constitution of India no person shall be deprived of his property saved by authority of law now the statement is correct it is according to article 300 capital A of Indian constitution under this article no person shall be deprived of his property saved by authority of law I know that this article was inserted by the 44th constitutional amendment act of 1978 now the next statement is right to property is a fundamental right now here remember right to property was a fundamental right under article 19 as right to acquire hold and dispose of property but this was removed from fundamental right by the 44th constitutional amendment act and then it was placed as a legal right or a constitutional right under article 300 A so right to property is not a fundamental right and here the question asks for the incorrect statements so the correct answer is option B to only now this next question is a map based question which of the following countries are in Persian Gulf five countries are given Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Israel Turkey Iran see from this map you can easily say that the Persian Gulf countries are UAE Saudi Arabia Kuwait Iraq then Iran and as you can see Israel and Turkey they have a maritime border with Mediterranean Sea and they are not Persian Gulf countries so three and four should not be an answer hence the correct answer is option B one two and five only now this next question is with reference to immune responses in human body the first statement is B lymphocytes produce an army of proteins called antibodies into our blood in response to pathogens and to fight with them now this statement is correct we discussed this during analysis now the second statement is T cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B cells produce them this statement is also correct we also saw this statement during discussion so here question asks for the correct statements hence the correct answer is option C both one and two now let us take on previous question based on river Godavari this question appeared in 2015 prelims examination here the question asks consider the following rivers Vamsadhara Indravati Pranahita Pinar now during discussion we saw about tributaries of Godavari and from that you can easily say that Indravati and Pranahita are tributaries of Godavari so the correct answer to this question is option D two and three only now in this know that Vamsadhara is not the tributary of Godavari first they know that it is a southern east flowing river between Mahanadi and Godavari in southern Odisha and northeast Andhra Pradesh and this river originates in Odisha at an elevation of 1300 meters above sea level and this river flows for a total length of about 265 kilometer from its origin till it gets merged into Bay of Bengal now this next Penna River is also not a tributary of Godavari and Penna River is one of the major interstate rivers the Penna River originates in the southwest region of Andhra Pradesh with small catchment area of Karnataka and it flows eastward before joining Bay of Bengal and the total length of Penna River is 597 kilometer so the correct answer is option D two and three only now this next question is a practice question based on Godavari river the question asks which of the following dams or projects are built across Godavari river five dams or projects are given first one is Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage second Prakasham Barrage then Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project then Polavaram Irrigation Project then Nagarjuna Sagar Dam now in this during discussion we saw that Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage then Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project then Polavaram Irrigation Project are built on Godavari river so one three and four should be in answer and if you see the given options you can say that the correct answer is option B only because no other option has one three and four together now in this know that the Prakasham Barrage and then Nagarjuna Sagar Dam are built across Krishna river not across Godavari river with this we have come to the end of today's Hindi news analysis if you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and also do subscribe to our Shankar Ayesha Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation