 Welcome to this webinar that has been organized by the Natural Hazard Early Career Scientist team of the European Geoscience Union. The title of this webinar is ready to be a great conference presenters. Presenter, we have today three great speakers with us, the Onufner, Diana Vieira and Miai Nicolita that are going to share with us some interesting tips about this topic. Very briefly, I'm going to introduce you our group. The Natural Hazard Early Career Scientist team is a very active team of young researchers. We do a lot of different activities in our group. We co-organize sessions, short courses and activities during the EGU General Assembly. We do a blogging. We have an active, interesting blog, a nature blog inside the framework of the EGU blogs. We do organize a lot of activities related to networking, to create scientific collaborations and to share knowledge among us. And we organize, of course, also a series of outreach activities such as campfires and webinars as the one that we are following today. If you are open to meet new people, we would be really happy if you are an Early Career Scientist involved in the field of Natural Hazards. Feel free to send an email to this email address that is ecs-nh at egu.eu and ask to join our Slack workspace and be involved in our activities. Now very briefly, a disclaimer before starting with our presentations. In the, let's say, advertisement of today's seminar, we mentioned the fact that we were addressing issues related to the presentation of posters and VPCO sessions. Of course, as you probably already know, this year's EGU is not, say, foreseen to have posters and VPCO presentations, but only in person or online, short oral presentations. And so why we mentioned anyway these formats, but for several reasons, the first one is that the seminar can be also valid for other conferences, of course. So in general, to be ready to be a presenter, not only for EGU, but also the fact that some of the tips can still be useful also for this year's EGU format and you will see it during the presentations. Last but not least, we hope that next EGU will include these formats again, so we really hope to be again all together to discuss in front of our posters. As for any question during the webinar, please use the chat. And then we will have a Q&A session at the end where we can discuss together. So, I think that we can start with the presentation. So our first speaker is Dionne Hapner, that is a PhD student in physical oceanography at the University of Copenhagen, and a sucker for effective communication. His qualifications include low tolerance for boring presentations and outstanding student PhD candidate presentation award from EGU in 2021. So I leave the floor to Dionne that is going to talk about Payless Science posters. Please Dionne, the floor is yours. Thank you very much for the introduction. I think you need to stop sharing so I can share. Okay, here we go. Let's see. Okay. Yeah, so this should be it. Let me know if you can see it. Posters. Well, we just heard there will be no posters at EGU this year. I think a lot of this advice also applies to short presentations because it's kind of the same niche. You have very limited space you have like one slide or so a few slides, just like in a poster and you really need to make the best of the resources that are given to you. And I think I hope I can give you some useful advice for that. So if you've never been to a poster session and kind of looks like this year in the background. You are the scientists in front of your of your big poster and there are people walking around and looking at the posters as usually a train of people are rotating and then you hopefully have a good conversation. It's kind of an awkward format really, and I share a love hate relationship with it. I think it can be really beautiful and kind of fantastic discussions. But there's also a lot to be improved, let's say, in poster sessions and in the design of posters, which I think is the hardest part about it so I will focus on that. Design a good poster. We're not going insane in the process. Well, let me show you how I would do it. First up, one thing out of the way so what is a poster good for it's there to promote you and pretty much nothing else. The intended outcome after the process session is people should be impressed by you, hopefully, or intrigued by your research, look it up, site your stuff, reach out to you for collaborations or give you feedback on your research. But this also requires that you convince them that you're worth giving feedback to. It's really a promotion for yourself, first and foremost and also for your research. So you should really try to put your best foot forward and impress people with your amazing poster. So let's see. The lifecycle of a poster I think it's important to think about what do we even want to achieve. And then how do we achieve it. So here we have during the poster session. This is what people mostly have in mind when they think about designing a poster so it should work during the poster session so here we have the scientists in front of their poster and some, someone in the audience reading the poster or trying to figure out what is on the post and what is being presented. Now the goal here is to have a discussion with this person. Because only through this personal interaction do we really create this bond that will allow you to connect later or to collaborate. So the goal is to have a discussion so what you do not want people is to read your poster in silence for 10 minutes. Then maybe ask a question or two and go on or just lose patience and go on immediately. The key quantity here is time to engagement. So you want people to come over look at your poster and go immediately. Wow, that looks amazing. Can we talk about this and really get the conversation going and it takes out all this awkwardness of people's reading it in silence and you're standing there like waiting for them to say anything it's really something that you want to avoid. So you should design your poster so someone can immediately see what's on it and start discussing it without reading too much. On the other hand, you should also have enough detail on the poster that you can have a nuanced discussion. So you want to be able to go in depth, but not as the very first step, and we will get back to that. Important thing after the poster session, usually your posters left in the exhibition hall without you being there. And then it just going to be people walking through it between talks or when they have to pass some time. And it's still going to be there so the poster should also work in this setting where people just walk by. And it's a bit of a different metrics or targets that you want to reach. So it should be interesting enough for people to stop. And it should be self contained enough for them to kind of understand what you're going for, and maybe even reach out to you afterwards and it should of course include your contact details. So people can do this. So you should really think hard about how you want to design your poster. So it works in both these settings. So the final stage in the life cycle of a poster, which is the garbage bin. So most posters are very pretty short lived. They might be in the hallway if you institute as I can use so, but ultimately that it's just a day or two where it's really relevant. So don't, don't go overboard don't spend weeks on designing and tweaking your poster because it's just going to end up in the bin anyway. So just so we're on the same page. This is kind of the setting or like the, yeah, where we really want our poster to work. Okay, so now about designing and I have three rules for you. No one taught me this is like my own thoughts on the subject matter so if you decide that these don't work for you then it's fine. Just some food for thought maybe, and I think good poster design is fractal. So what does that mean, you should have the low level details like what is my poster about the elephant in the room should take the most space on your poster. So, if your poster is about beast or the genetic of bees. Then, if you don't put a picture of a bee and like a double helix on there. You kind of have lost already because you want people to be able to intuitively grasp what the poster is about just by looking at it and not reading it. It's this time for two engagement thing. This is what I call framing so this should take the most space on your poster, and then you go down into more and more detail. But this detail should also take less and less visual space on your poster. So this is depth and the fire down you go in depth is kind of what you tweak to your audience and to the format. So if you have a very short presentation or so then you can go in depth. If you there's a lot of experts at the conference you need to include more detail, but you cannot skip intermediate steps here so you should always have the full funnel of framing what is what is this about the innovative your grandmother can can see it. And then your main results should take the next most amount of visual space. Then you give evidence for your for your main results and then you give details that you can use during the discussion to point to. But these details don't have to be understandable for someone just reading the post it doesn't matter. And I think you should receive. It's also good to have a poster that looks good. I think people will will usually find that more attractive. Number one, and a very easy way I think to achieve this is this template called better posts up you can Google it and their YouTube talks and there are talks on YouTube there are blog posts about it there's the template you can download. It's not the only way by far but I think it's a pretty easy way. This like three blocks structure, we have the results in the middle and it take up 80% of the space. And then you have details and plots and figures on the sides. So if you're not a very creative person or you feel overwhelmed and you can just stop with this and roll with it and usually do the results turn out fine. Now that the second rule I think it's almost as important is show is better than tell. So you could write a whole paragraph about how your data processing works or what you do to your, how your study works, or you can draw a diagram and actually show how it works. And this takes about the same amount of space, but the paragraph on the left hand side is not understandable unless you read it. And on the right hand side, if someone is already familiar with the topic, they will look at it and immediately know what you, what you've done without having to spend time to read it. I think this is such a powerful thing that also really minimizes this time to engagement or the time they spend reading the poster. It makes it more intriguing, it's a win for everyone really. It helps you to be clearer on communicating your science and really a picture is worth so much more than 1000 words on your poster. So really just try, you can draw this up in PowerPoint or whatever or inkscape or whatever you want to use and then just put it on there, it's going to be great. So rule number three. Now this is a kind of a hot take but I think you should never use latex in the posters. I drive this point home with a little meme. So you have the Neanderthal here it's who says well just use PowerPoint for your poster. Then the advanced guy who says, well you need to use latex because it's so great and everything is automatic and the layouts are fantastic. And the expert which says just use PowerPoint. So, kind of what my point is that all of these things that make latex great they don't matter for posters. It doesn't matter if if you're your blocks are perfectly aligned it doesn't matter if you don't need float placement. Basically the only thing you need to latex really supports well is, is equations, but you can. I mean, unless you're in a math heavy field you have like three or four equations you can just draw these up in PowerPoint or keynote or whatever. So these things matter. And I mean, instead of PowerPoint you can use any visual tool that you're familiar with. And usually that is like a presentation tool so I use keynote personally. And I think it works well for me and it takes like two minutes to draw up like a better poster so three blocks and a little bit of text and then mostly pictures. I hope I'm not running out of time. I wanted to show you some examples of what I mean. So this is the poster that I won an award with last year at EGU. So it kind of takes this this better poster idea. I just wanted strictly but like, yeah just be inspired by it so you have three blocks and in the middle are really your results this is what you want people to take home and then the rest is mostly pictures with labels. So if you put the labels on that in our fractal design framework, then all of these things are like framing, so the, like this time series and there's this world map over here it really helps people to look at the poster from a distance and say, understand what it's about. Then you really have to include narrative in a way so I really like to draw arrows between things. So people see how things are connected visually super helpful and put your results really in the middle. Sometimes you don't have results that's fine. But if you've just written a paper or something and you do have results, just put it in the middle show with arrows what your evidence is for your claims, and then it becomes very obvious for the audience of how you're your narrative things together. And don't forget to promote yourself and put your contact details and your papers on there. Another example is kind of the same same idea. Also, block structure and a bit bit different with the block on the left. But yeah, all of these things like put a Python logo on there if you use, if you're doing like programming project or so put curves on there for using benchmarks. It really helps people to understand what it's about at events. And then the last example now that you know the rules, you can also break them. So this doesn't have results very prominently this has a lot of framing. And this is just something where I wanted to go bananas a bit and design something that's more exciting. Ultimately, a poster is really also a part of your personality that you want to showcase so I think. Yeah, just having some fun and doing something that you find visually appealing is also very nice just don't overdo the text it should really be only pictures with labels. And then you're probably going to be fine. This has lots of narrative I didn't have strong results here so it has no main findings. It's mostly about like this journey from from ABC. And yeah, last rule is don't take too seriously. Just have fun, be creative, don't get bogged down in tools and whatnot just just. Yeah, have a lot of pictures and then you will have a great discussion with people doing your poster session, hopefully meet a lot of interesting people. All right, and if you have any questions just posted in the Q&A and I'm happy to discuss with you. Thank you very much Dion for your presentation. Thank you. Let me see if I can. Yeah. Great. I don't know why my camera. Okay, no, it's not working anymore. Okay, yeah, now it's working. Great, so thank you very much for your presentation. I hope that there will be some questions to answer later. So I would like now to pass to the second speakers of today is Diana Vieira. Diana is a researcher at the Joint Research Center at the European Commission within the European soil observatory. She is a PhD in environmental sciences and engineering in 2015 at the University of Aveiro. And during her research path, she was the principal investigator of the FEM project. Inside this European soil observatory, she's dedicated to large scale post fire soil erosion modeling, land degradation, healthy soils, and the assessment, fate and remediation of soil pollution in European soils. Furthermore, this year, if I remember well, Diana received the Soil Systems Science Division of Standing Early Career Scientist Award. So, Diana, the floor is yours with your presentation about storytelling your research. Thank you Silvia. I'll share my screen now. Thank you for the long presentation. I'm just Diana, you can call me just by Diana. And I just want to bring a little bit of what I think it could be important for you when you do a presentation when you plan your presentation. And basically, I call it storytelling your research because I think that you have to find the line, the lineate a little path in your presentation. I try to clean it to keep this presentation very clean, very sober, because I really want you to focus on the essential. So when I was planning this presentation, I thought about what could be the most important items that you should use when you're planning your presentation. I had more, but in the end, because I only have 10 minutes I decided to basically that audience story design place and practice are the ones that I give more importance, and I think that you'll later understand why. So, basically, because I know that most of, and especially the young researchers are mostly used to give presentations to only to other researchers, you have to think that now and in the future, possibly, you will give presentations to stakeholders and policymakers also. So there is an important adjustment in the vocabulary that you need to do according to the audience that you have. Basically, for instance, it will be important in a session like you, if you give a presentation that you specifically say your research question and specifically mention your methods. So your audience, your colleagues, see your presentation and see if their personal works are related and are comparable to yours. However, when we go to the stakeholder type of presentation, perhaps these ones can be replaced by more what does my novelty in my novel research can contribute as a solution for the environment or applicability. And if the solution that I found it can be operationalized in a larger scale. And finally, and with again with an adjustment of the vocabulary. If you give a presentation for policymakers they might not know anything about your research they might be very far away from your reality so you have to make a good adjustment. In the end, find a good take home message. For instance, a policymaker because it needs to create new laws. If you find, I'll give an example, a huge impact over certain characteristics or a certain industry or a certain environment, you should say it precisely as a take home message and perhaps don't give that much details on the methods, but more on the what does it mean for the entire society. So, basically, I framed it like this and I pick up a little bit of our what is our structure on the, on our publication so basically, if you go to this corner when we tell tell about ourselves when you make your introduction of your publication for instance for your introduction objectives of your work, and then somewhere in the middle you have your research question, the problem definition. I suggest you could start the story telling like that. And then go to your materials and methods go to your results and applicability here's already a little bit of discussion. There's something more on discussion pros and cons and certainties where we have our errors and finally finishing the presentation with the answer to the question. So basically, you have an answer in the beginning, a story to tell, and a reply in the end. And I've translated this to my own research, like, once upon a time, there was a wildfire and a flood happened, and then the people in the downstream of the burnt area realize they had a huge impact and basically, they asked themselves what will be the consequences will this happen again for how long am I in risk, for instance, and then this wild scientist goes and tries to solve the problem and decided so I'm going to solve that problem so I did a field work or a lab or a model experiment to tackle that problem. And in the end, he found out that actually those people that live in those locations, if they suffer upstream of their areas, wildfires with higher severity, they are more likely to have an extreme wild rainfall events that very likely will have flooding happening in their location. And moreover, and I think you recognize this, our experiment is quite comparable to our colleagues researchers from another place in the world. But we have to be a little bit careful also because we also don't know that under other rainfall conditions, for instance, these results might not apply. And here comes the end of your story. Well, but most of all, in the end, we realize that there are the impacts of fire are noticeable on soil and water for several years, and that you need to be prepared and mitigated for that. And I believe he formed happily ever after, let's say like that. And here you have a story. It's a typical science scientific procedure like say product of a publication but you're just framing it in the way that it makes a lot of sense, and it's a kind of a romanticized way of telling a story. And I also thought because I also don't have much time that perhaps other items could be important for you to think when you're planning, for instance, many of them, they must have been said by other colleagues to you previously, but structure color and format in order that you can read some of the things are important in presentations. I would like to call your attention to the fact that when you use images, try to use colors that are inclusive there's a lot of publications online on what are the best colors. Maybe for people that are colorblind and they cannot interpret the images in the same way that you do. So that is an important thing. And the point of the structure is very clear for me if I suddenly change the structure of the presentation to something else out of the sudden, then you lose the presentation, or because you were framed in the previous slides to have a black and white or gray type of scene and suddenly you have something else mixed up, and you'll even have different formats in letters and people with persons need to follow your your talk but in the end they also get a little bit distracted for whatever is happening. Okay, but then to more items and I am almost finishing, you have to take into consideration if you're making a classic presentation in a conference in a classic conference in a theater or even if it's a poster like our colleague, if it's online, if it's a small meeting. For instance, it's acceptable online that I look to the computer all the time and I have the presentation in front of me but you in the amphitheater, I think it's very good that you look to people try to maintain eye contact and absolutely breath. Try to breathe and relax. I know you can be stressful for some of the young researchers or early stage career researchers, but I think there's space for you to relax and to enjoy your presentation and for that you need to test your presentation, try to see if you can control the things a little bit. In a small meeting, like if you're presenting for a stakeholder or you want to try to explain something to your research team, I would rather for this advice you to have an interaction, like interrupt the presentation, have a continuous flow of conversation that I think it can be very, very useful for you and also to relax a little bit. Okay, so finally, practice. I gave some time to practice. I was practicing yesterday and I realized that I didn't have that I was going beyond the 10 minutes of presentation. So I thought to remove some slides. So basically, I think that we need to take that into consideration also that you need to be responsible in the conference like Egypt make sure you fulfill your time in order that your colleague after you doesn't have to suffer that much, trying to squeeze their time in the one that you already lost. The other thing is the voice. I use my first two slides to set up the tone of my voice in the beginning I might be shaky, I might be nervous, I might be, but I use two comfortable slides always in the beginning to make sure my voice is set. So those are, I think, essential things but only you can only get them by experience, I guess. And questions, you can have questions. So you better be prepared to answer those questions. And most of all, be very polite when answering back some of the questions are might be questions that you don't want to hear. Once you're in the stage you have the power to reply accordingly and well. Okay, so I just leave here three final remarks regarding the main topics basically storytelling is very good because allows you to get engaged with the audience. I like very clean and organized presentation so that I don't get dispersed by content or too much content and I think that being prepared is the most important thing for a good presentation. And I think this is it. I hope you like it. Thank you very much, Diana for this presentation. I'm now trying to let me see. Okay, great. Great. So, again, I hope that we will have time to discuss a bit into the Q&A session with you. So now I leave the floor to our last but not least speaker, Mihae Nikoleta, geographer, associate professor in geomorphology and natural hazards and physical geography at the EGU Natural Hazard Outstanding Student and PhD candidate presentation coordinator and executive committee member of the International Society for Geomorphometry. Open Science Publishing Software and Data Access Enthusiasts and today in his presentation, Mihae will illustrate us this EGU format and we will explain us about the OSPP competition. So let's enter into the EGU format topic with you Mihae, please. Thank you Silvia. Hello everybody, dear colleagues, I'm not so young anymore but anyway, I am involved in this OSPP thing. The TGU for the Natural Hazards Commission division, sorry. So I will explain you something about this award, these awards and their evolution because you need to understand it. Understand it. The OSPP means outstanding students and PhD candidate presentation awards. You will see that there was an evolution, but anyway, the young, let's say the under PhD level and PhD included was kept over the years. The rationale was to promote posters and picots for this huge scientific event, but also this is very important for young people to foster their excitement, yes, so to give them credit for the work. There are up to six awards for every division. There can be up to 300 candidates in every division. There are 22 divisions for EGU, so there are many candidates, also many awards, but nonetheless, the OSPP coordinator, it's working hard to select people and then the president and other officers are validating it. The evolution as I told you from 2003 was from young scientists then to student and then student and PhD. So all the time young people in their career. Basically now everyone that is under PhD or with PhD awarded after the first of January in the year of the conference can participate. The application is quite simple. You can change your mind. You can choose at the beginning when you submit the abstract and but also you can change your mind and apply also farther at the time of the letter of schedule. Basically you will appear in the program as a participant. You can also post your poster logo on the presentation or on the poster. When I say presentation, I mean mainly Pico. So you have two slides. There are also stickers available at EGU and you can put them on the poster if you forgot a digital file. The selection is based on judges, three judges per every, a minimum of three judges per every candidate. Last year it was a very, let's say, different thing because of the full digital EGU. This year it's also something similar because we have a mixed one but is only based on short presentations. But basically we need three to five at least judges to give scores for every candidate. Of course, there should be no conflict of interest, of course. The selection is, we are held basically by the conveners. We ask conveners to select judges because they know very well the, let's say the domain, but we can also do it by ourselves. And then after the General Assembly we see how many judges did their job. Basically the idea is to use the oral, so the presentation made or the discussion made by the students. The judges they have to visit the poster or to attend the Pico session or in our case to attend the virtual presentation. And after that we basically see what are the scores and we decide, I told you up to six awards. Why does it matter? Because of course, as Dion said, he is a recipient so it can be good for your CV, good for your, I don't know, soul. But also you'll get next year basically Coast of attending GGU, they are raised for you. And also you are invited to submit a paper in an open access publication where you also have the waiver fee raised. So it can be also a very good thing for let's say your finances. Now, I will have only one minute speaking to you. There are some changes last year. Basically it was very fuzzy. It was very hard to control things. So basically, many people did not attend it at all. They just uploaded presentations. Some uploaded material. So it was very hard for the judges to keep this rule that they have to be present, both the judge and both the candidate. Also, there was variability due to the virtual picos. This year, we hope that everything will be very clear from the beginning. All the people that can participate will be flagged in the program as OSPP participants. And again, we ask the convener to select three judges, but I will, for example, for natural hazards, I will try to go to five in order to have let's say statistically speaking, a better evaluation. And also they have to follow your presentation. Okay, so this is the main thing to follow the presentation. Also, they could engage with you in the after the presentation in the question part. So, let's hope this year, let's say it will go smoother than the last year. Also very important, what is evaluated, right? So there are four main key aspects, relevance of the study, scientific accuracy, statistical appeal, and clarity of presentation. So you see, you have two things that are mainly related to the research. And you have two things that are mainly related to how do you present your research. Every criteria has a score between one to 10. And then we have a statistical mean that is applied to get the final score. So this is it. It is a very technical presentation. Good luck. And if you have any questions, I'm here for you. Thank you. Thank you very much. I also for this last presentation. Now I leave the floor to Joanna that is going to lead the Q&A session. So, please, Joanna. Hello. Thank you for your wonderful presentations. I like it very much. So I have at least three questions from the audience. So the first one I think we need some clarification from your part. So to complete this one was from Prakas Visuarkarma. Sorry if I speak a spell it wrong. But to complete the presentation in five minutes is a big challenge as we all know. And I think I talk with the experience that I also have some difficult to achieve. So he asked some tips to achieve this. What do you think? Do you want to start you to answer this? Some tips to do a presentation in five minutes? I think the best question is what will be the focus to achieve any presentation in five minutes? Yeah, but who should answer? Me? I'm happy to. I just don't want to take someone else's limelight. Okay, so presentation in five minutes. Well, I would say just focus on the interesting parts. Obviously you're not going to cover your whole story from HSE in five minutes. So what are you going to cut? Well, cut out the boring parts, cut out the details. If you only have five minutes then the thing you should focus on are your interesting results. Just say what they are in very clear language and then show some motivation, how you got to that answer or show some evidence or show some cool pictures or so. And get people interested so they come to you later or look you up or interact with you directly because in five minutes you're not going to tell them the whole story of your research anyway. So just focus on the meat and cut out all the bone from your presentation. You can have one slide. Literally it's like just one picture and one line of text that just states what your main result is. Then you explain what that means and how you got to it and how people can reach you if you want to know more. And I think that already gets you far ahead of people who try to cram a whole story into five minutes. I agree with you. What about the other Diana? I can say something. I believe this question was occurred mostly because some of the sessions now are very packed with many tiny presentations. And there's like five, seven and ten minutes presentation. So five minutes is very short. It's like the new format they call it pitch. It's also a little bit of the initial presentation. You give it a pico, right? You just have to scream out very loud and then people will join you in your little presentation place in the pico. I don't know if most of you already experienced that. It's a very nice presentation, but I have to agree with Dion. You have to focus it to the top and to the most charming side of your presentation. And then hopefully you catch the attention of your audience and they'll meet you after for a conversation. And then you can explain it in a more detailed way. And that's actually a little bit, a mixture between a presentation and a poster. Just try to find a date for later basically with somebody. But I think it's challenging but not impossible. You need to be just very clear. And also one slide can be good. That was the format some time ago also. You can have like on two slides. Not much more. Otherwise you're managing too much for a presentation of five minutes. You have to balance the work you do for the time you talk, let's say. Mihai, do you have something to add to the discussion? Yes, I remember one time a very big person in geomorphology came in from another continent, the TGU, and he didn't understand why only two minutes in those picos. It was crazy for him. But anyway, I think this format actually for the young people, it gives them, let's say, a focus on improving their presentation. Because as a young people, for example, I'm also teaching the students, they tend to try to put everything in a presentation because, you know, they worked a lot. So the tendency is to put literally everything there. So I think for the young people, it's very good that they have to switch their view from this very wide and very complete presentation to something that is mainly suited actually for experts, let's say. But this gives them time to think and to decide what to do. And this type of presentations of webinars or sending them to use for resources like John showed them that very easy template or Diana explained them different types of presentations. It's very good for them. So I do not have a very specific, let's say, something to tell about this but it's very good that they have to think about this and decide by themselves. Thank you all. Thank you all. So the next question is, why is everyone using PowerPoint and non-use publish? Is there any problem with publish? Who wants to start this discussion? Publisher is a tool for making paper products like flyers or, I don't know, I think you get what I mean. So it's more like a publishing tool for print products. Which is fine, you can use it for presentations but if you have publisher, you probably also have PowerPoint since you already have Microsoft software. So why not use the presentation tool instead of the print tool. So if it works for you, why not? But I don't think it's a straightforward thing to use. I've never used it and I've seen no one ever use it but maybe someone else, maybe you find it much nicer than go ahead, doesn't know. Yeah, yeah, I will. Jena and Mia, do you want to say something? I think that this comes along a long discussion some weeks ago in Twitter about what do you use. There was a long discussion about this to create your poster, I think. There were people surprised that a lot of people use PowerPoints. So there was a huge discussion online, I think you can still search for it. And I'm guessing that the use of publisher here is more appropriate for a poster, I would say, because it's a more static thing. But well, like Dion said very wisely, you just use what you feel more comfortable and you think it's better for you. I think that if in the end you can get the same results, the one is more comfortable and that takes less time. Time is precious. Lorenzo clarified, he was referring to posters and figures. Well, I guess in this case it makes more sense. Ultimately, I think my main point was just use whatever you know and what you're already good at. And then just value that you have a tool that you're comfortable with and all big tools support all the features you need anyway so it doesn't matter. I think it's qualified. My point of view, yes, Lorenzo has a point probably it also depends on your, let's say, previous focus because I also had many students we are, which are proficient in very types of software. And they also asked me, why don't we learn because for example I use very often escape to obtain maps and other things, and I told them you can do it if you know it. The idea is that I present you something that is very easy. Also PowerPoint, as Dion said, comes with a lot of computers already is there. Other people that are using Linux, maybe they use a very similar software. So basically, it's a matter of training. But as Lorenzo is saying, usually in professional printing, yes, you use professional tools but here you can keep it very simple everything can be can be very simple. So you have to complicate a lot. What are you doing, which is also the own message. Yes, thank you. Thank you. I can add also an answer to do positive you can also use the pink, but, well, you do what, what do you are more comfortable to so in the present also from Lorenzo in presentations easy to use full and recommend to include an outline at the beginning. Yeah, can you start with that. It depends again on your audience. I think that in a EU presentation where if I will give, I will give a presentation everybody already knows why I'm there. I'm going just to give. I would like to present one slide about the context one sentence very brief one, the one at the same one I used to put my voice in the tone that I really like, and a slide that I'm comfortable with, and depends on the time available if you have five minutes, so maybe you can jump that part and go there, and the title should say it all at the first you understand. But if you have a 12 minute presentation, you can dedicate some time to a proper introduction. That's, that's, that's my point. Okay. Thank you. The next question is how do you respond when you don't understand questions from the audience, either because you don't understand the question acoustically, because of, for example, because of the elect, or because you don't know the meaning of certain words. What do you all think that you want to start young. It's a very difficult situation, because it's awkward for everyone like for the person who asks the question for person, especially for the person who doesn't understand it. And it's really dreadful. So, in general, I would say, it's best if you just say stay confident and not start I mean, you have to somehow suppress your upcoming nervousness, and just say, could you rephrase that or. First, could you say it again and then could you rephrase that. So people can say it in other words, maybe as a last last resort ask the panelists, or ask the audience if they can explain the question to you. But if you've tried 123 times at most, then you say, I'm sorry I don't understand the question why don't we discuss it after the talk. And then they can come back to you usually don't come back and it just goes away. But if they really want to know then you can discuss it afterwards. And it's really spent the least amount of time on things like that and really try to stay calm and handle it. I can add a question to that. And if you don't know what to answer. What do you do. I don't know. I don't think anyone benefits if you bullshit people for for a couple of minutes and boredom and the people who who noted you're bullshitting. You're not gaining anything better. Okay, I don't know. This is how I would find out maybe, or this is something I could do to find out. But if you really don't even know what they're talking about and I don't know just say I don't know. It's, it's all better than all the alternatives. And you can also say, please help me. I don't know. I mean, you can keep, keep positive and then because this is about in this is what is about in conferences you go there you present and even if you do mistakes, someone can help you actually it's it's a real help. Yeah. You have something to add. Just tiny things to add. I think the advice was very correct. I would do if I don't understand totally. I would just directly try to talk with that person later. Or, or maybe you can say your interpretation so something like, if you're talking about this and this matter. It would be like this. So you're already giving kind of an answer if you suspect more or less. But you give always a context, you know, like if you're referring to this specific point is this or something like you can be prepared. It's hard and it's okay to say, I'm not understanding, or I, or even I obtained this result and I cannot explain it yet, because we are working on this. And I, if you have some suggestions, please tell me I did this in my first EU presentation as the first year, the young research. I got really nice feedback from the audience, people trying to help me to try to suggest why don't you try this and that, and I think in the end it can come better feedback than you expected. Thank you. Well, so my research is at an early stage in terms of quality of results, and many wish to create interest in the audience experts in my field for more feedback and collaborations. Any suggestions of how you will do it. And as anyone have a short answer to, because we are running out of time. Yeah, maybe a quick answer. Again, it's a pretty tough situation. So you don't have anything to show for, but I still think you almost always you can find something that is interesting. If you have really zero things that are interesting, maybe you should just not not give it up. But if you kind of what you might have a plan that you think is interesting of how you might get to your results. You might have some interesting data that you want to build upon. If you present something like a review of the field and like where your research would fit in there, you can do all of these things. It's, it's harder if you don't have results because you don't have like the candy to give to people to listen to you. So you need to find other candy. If you have a cool picture of your data or so just show something, something interesting, no one likes to hear detective story of how you like want to arrive at the result or so just draw a diagram, make something pretty that's nice to look at or so or you want to to tackle these things and where you see the main obstacles, what problems you're trying to solve and stay result focused, even if you don't have results. Like, say what results you would like to get and how they would fit into the field or so things like that just just keep people interested and don't bore them with like a very detailed explanation of how you would do it or step by step or so it's, it's not going to give anyone anything so you have to be a bit creative and come up with something that is enticing about what you're trying to would be my advice but it's a difficult situation. Okay, thank you. Thank you for your answers and questions. I think you are all available to answer more if someone sent you an email. And I live before before to Sylvia. Thank you. Thank you, Joanna for this session. Thank you, all of you for your presentation and even more for this discussion that has been really interesting. I'm like late so I'm trying to be very synthetic in showing you to last thing. Let me share my screen. Okay, let's go. Yeah, so very briefly before we say farewell. I just want to let you know that we are planning some upcoming events inside our webinar series inside the early carry scientists natural hazard team. In particular we are planning to have one event about funding opportunities in scientific research in June, and another one focusing on challenges to be women and natural hazards and academia in September. In case if you are interested in saying being updated about our activities here, here you can find some details about our Twitter and Facebook accounts, you can also register to our mailing list. Of course, we invite you to have a look at our blog, the blog of our natural hazard division that is available at this address that I reported here. And also I would like to mention the fact that we are going to publish publish the key notes about this webinar, also in a dedicated blog post so you will find also say summarized all the interesting concept that have been presented today in a dedicated text. So that's all from my side. Thank you again everyone for participating to the speakers for these presentations and I hope that we will meet very soon at you virtually or in person. Thank you very much everyone and have a nice day.