 Often, you can see whether or not a population has undergone evolution by acknowledging the five assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, these are the conditions that must be met. Number one, you must have a large population. Number two, mating must be random. Number three, no migration into or out of the population, also known as gene flow. Number four, no natural selection. And number five, no mutations can occur. A helpful technique to memorize these assumptions is to use this acronym, large random M&Ms. The large is for large population, random is for random mating, and for the next three, you put no in front of them. So no migration, no natural selection, and no mutations. If all five assumptions have been met, evolution is not occurring, and the allele and genotype frequencies will remain unchanged over time. Thus, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If any of these assumptions have been violated, the population is evolving. Thus, the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.