 Abstract Alzheimer's disease, AD, is the most common form of dementia, caused by neurodegeneration due to senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of glial cells such as microlia and astrocytes, is observed around senile plaques and affected neurons in AD. Recently conducted genome-wide association studies, GWAS, have indicated that a large portion of identified AD risk genes are involved in immune responses and are enriched in microlia. Microlia are in AD immune cells in the central nervous system, CNS, which are involved in immune surveillance and maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS. Recently, a novel subpopulation of activated microlia, called disease-associated microlia, DAM, has been identified in AD model mice. These microlia closely associate with amyloid, plaques and exhibit characteristic gene expression profiles accompanied with reduced expressions of homeostatic microglial genes. It remains unclear whether decreased homeostatic microglial. This article was offered by Akira Sabu, Akira Komin, and Koji Omanaka. We are article.tv, links in the description below.