 Who do you think defines the model of development in a country? For me, development is one of those tricky terms because it will depend on whose perspective you are taking into account. And it took me a while to understand the nuance of this term. Everything started while I was deciding what to study. It always like, I always like nature and love all types of plants. So I think that influenced my decision of studying forestry. As an undergrad student in Peru, we have to take field classes. And in my wildlife class in a community near to Iquitos, I had to conduct interviews with the local people to understand hunting practices in the area. I noticed then that although we had trouble so much around Peru in our different courses, we didn't know the people and the context they are embedded in. And I recognized that we didn't know. So that took me a while. All this idea of the context and indigenous peoples having a different concept, what development means, it took me to understand that I was assuming that just good technology, access to the global market and efficiency managing resources, it will be enough to achieve development. But development for whom? The Amazon is mostly seen as a source of natural resources, but at the same time is seen as home and life itself by hundreds of different indigenous peoples. Well, some people call these differences of development, ethno-development or endogenous development because they are trying to differentiate themselves from the market globalized notions of development. So there are two competing expectations of what development means, indigenous peoples and not indigenous peoples. And this is creating conflicts in Peru. So for instance, political, environmental, ecological and social conflicts, actually in the Peruvian Ombudsman it is registered a monthly average of 228 social conflicts and most of them are related to the extraction of natural resources. So grassroots organizations, journalists and respected academics identified that such conflicts are mostly and primarily driven by transnational corporations, models, businesses. So extraction or exploitation, production, consumption and marketing of these products are way beyond our planet ecological boundaries. Also it has been documented that transnational corporations have the tendency to exploit nature under the name of development and progress while externalizing liabilities to the communities and the environment. Furthermore, transnational corporations take part in the writing of public national policies regarding the management of the commons and share resources. Well, there is an increase of rural and indigenous movements voicing the different perspectives of development. I mentioned these two types of development, endogenous and development. So in the Amazon, indigenous peoples are articulating that the projects of development that are executed in their territories should take and support, should support their visions and desires for their future. And the way that they are doing this is through the creation of organizations, indigenous organizations that will provide a means for them to support their visions and what actually desire for their future. Currently in Peru, there is an asymmetric struggle to address main powers, main transnational powers, so they respect the self-determined development of indigenous peoples. There has been some achievements, sadly at high cost of human lives. In 2009, there was a sadly success in what is called the Bawa massacre, and it was a clash between military forces and the people. Well, the people was able to create enough pressure to the government to eliminate certain decrees that were threatening their desires for the future, well, their collective and individual visions after a free trade agreement signed with the U.S. Well, I was mentioning at the beginning that I wasn't getting to know actually the context of people and the people itself, so I decided to do something about that. Through a master's and a PhD now, we are forming alliances with Azenica and Gene Yami peoples for the Peruvian Amazon to collaboratively research about what they envision for their futures. There are some evidence that suggests the necessity of established meaningful and indigenous indicators of development, so are based in the context and culture. As well, it is important to recognize the, well, recognition of plurinational state in Peru and a practice of it. So these indigenous processes are vital in order to influence public policies in Peru and as a way to address current and future conflicts between humans and humans in nature. Underlying all of these are two important values, first, respectful consistency and reciprocity. Thank you very much for listening.