 A headrest that shows the planets in the solar system that were once more visible in the skies above than they are today. In the 1920s the Royal Cemetery of Earth excavations became one of the great technical achievements of Middle Eastern archaeology and now represents one of the most spectacular discoveries of ancient Mesopotamia. Deep within the site lay the tombs of the third millennia BC kings and queens of the city of Earth, famed in the Bible as the home of the biblical patriarch Abraham. And now on display at the iconic Penn Museum is one of the most stunningly preserved royal headrests ever discovered at Earth. Dating back to over 4,500 years ago, this stunning piece of ancient majesty belonged to the renowned ruler Queen Puabi, wait to hear this. Still since the discovery of the imperial graves at Earth, archaeologists and scholars have struggled to create an accurate representation of Queen Puabi. However, by analysing the mortuary redress and the material objects in the tomb, scholars concluded that Queen Puabi maintained a high status. In this difficulty in reconstructing Queen Puabi's appearance stemmed from the lack of knowledge about female Mesopotamian asphatics. Although scholars were missing this information, that did not impede Catherine Woolley and one of Penn Museum's curators, Farah Leon LeGran, from giving Queen Puabi a face and adding makeup. And Dr LeGran modelled his reconstruction of Queen Puabi on the sculpture from Tello, La Femme and La Charpe, which was created 500 years after she had lived. And this controversial reconstruction was eventually retracted and replaced with a faceless mannequin to avoid controversial assumptions about Sumerian asphatics. Described on Penn Museum's website, this ornate headdress and a pair of earrings were found with the body of Queen Puabi in the Royal Cemetery at Earth. The headdress is made up of 20 gold leaves, two strings of lapis, a carnelian and a large gold comb. In addition to this she wore chokers, necklaces and large lignite shaped earrings. Her upper body was covered by strands of beads made of precious metals and semi-precious stones that stretched from her shoulders to her belt. Ten rings decorated her fingers. A diadem or philip made up of thousands of small lapis beads with gold pendants depicting plants and animals was apparently on a table near her head. And two attendants were in the chamber with Puabi, one crouched near her head and the other at her feet. With various metal stone and pottery vessels lying around the walls of the chamber. Her tomb was intact and its contents typical of the well found throughout the Royal Cemetery. Like the other royal tombs, it consisted of a chamber set at the bottom of a deep pit accessed by a ramp. Dramatically dubbed death pits because of the human toll within. The vaulted chamber made of limestone rubble lay at the northeast side of the pit and it measured about 9 feet by 14 feet with the ceiling 5 feet above the floor and Puabi's body lay on a wooden beer in the chamber. Her name and title are known from the short inscriptions on one of the three cylinder seals found on her person. Although most women's cylinder seals at this time would have read wife of, so on, this seal made no mention of her husband, instead it gave her name and title as queen and the two cuneiform signs that compose her name were initially read as Shub, Ad and Sumerian. Experts now believe it should be read in Akkadian as Puabi or more correctly Puabum meaning word of the phara. Her title, Eresh, sometimes mistakenly read as Ninh, it means queen. In early Mesopotamia women, even elite women, were generally described in relation to her husbands. For example, the inscription on the cylinder seal of the wife of the ruler of the city-state of Lagash reads, Bara, Namtara, wife of Lagal, Anda, ruler of the city-state of Lagash. And the fact that Puabi is identified without the mention of her husband may indicate that she was the queen in her own right, if so she probably reigned prior to the time of the First Dynasty of Earth. Whose first ruler is known from the Sumerian Kings list as Misani Pudah. Inscribed artefacts from the seal and pression strata, layers above the royal tombs at her named Misani Pudah, King of Kish. An honorific used by rulers claiming control over all of Surham, Mesopotamia. But in fact Queen Puabi may predate all of this and it makes you wonder on the way we understand these very ancient timelines, but would you guys think of this one anyway? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.