 The study conducted by Ploviano et al. 2017 examined whether corrective messages about vaccines could reduce individuals' reliance on misinformation despite being exposed to it multiple times. They found that the myths versus facts condition was the most effective in reducing vaccine misconceptions, while none of the other conditions produced any backfire effects. This suggests that corrective messages do not need to repeat the same misinformation in order to be effective, but rather can simply provide accurate information without reiterating the misinformation. This finding adds to the growing body of research suggesting that familiarity does not necessarily lead to continued reliance on misinformation and that corrective messages can be effective even when they do not repeat the same misinformation. This article was authored by Ulrich K. H. Ecker, Katelyn X. M. Sharkey and Brian E. Swire-Thompson.