 Great, so that was an awesome first chapter in our journey. Again, thank you to all the speakers for just the crazy things that you've talked about and I've been thinking about and I'm excited to talk about more today. But before we get there, we're still learning. So now we're going to shift away from looking just a little bit, looking at bacteria in their ability to produce materials and now actually looking at bacteria as displays and as input devices. And so this is really important especially for wearable biotech because bacteria, because they're living care and are already monitoring and already have these built-in sensors for a lot of the things that we care about and that our body is monitoring. And so we have these sensors, we have ways to make them display and so what can this reveal about our body, our state, our life. So we're going to have another three really inspiring speakers. We'll start with Katia Vega, who's from UC Davis doing some really cool work in tattoos, that sensor monitor. We're then going to go to Zinyu Lu, who's from MIT, bioengineering or mechanical engineering. And she's doing work involved with wearable living hydro gels and flexible displays. And then finally we're going to talk with Peter Wen, who is working with textiles that can tell us about what we've been exposed to and lab coats that can let us know when things go wrong. So, all right. Katia. Hello everyone. I'm Katia Vega. I'm an assistant professor from the Department of Design at UC Davis. And I will go back to this image that Patty was showing to us at the very beginning. I guess that most of us that learn about wearables maybe saw this image before from 1993. And I always thought that it was amazing to think about being that time with these people around campus with all these electronics or computers and sensing everything and having all this information from their body or the environment. And I wanted to also show you this image almost 20 years after that. I was a post-doc here at MIT Media Lab at Joe Paradiso's group. And you can see over here maybe you recognize some of them like Cindy, Sheen, Arting, Gershon. And there are other ones that were not pictured. We were the textile group and we were a discussion group that we were talking about what will be the wearables now. And if you see, comparing with the previous picture, it looks more like we are. Technology could become invisible and we could be what we wanted to express and how we wanted to show. So I want also to show you a little bit of what it means for me to have technology invisible. And I started this journey in 2012 when I created this concept called beauty technology. That was a way of embed electronics into cosmetics. So you could imagine maybe some conductive makeup that you blink and you turn on the lights. Or some fingernails with chips. These are RFIDs that you could pay that metro with your RFID chip on your fingernail. Or hair extensions that just by touching your hair, you could send your location to the police without being in danger. So it was a way to embed electronics into our body and become this two matter of skin that we have into an interactive platform. But after that, and after being part here of the Media Lab, we started actually with Nick Barry thinking about what if we go deeper into the skin. And what would happen if we could embed technology inside of the skin. And we joined many researchers actually, since people here from the Media Lab like Shin Liu, Birch Kang, Nick Barry, we were from Patties and Joe Paradisso's group. And we also joined with Harvard Medical School. And we were creating this project called the Dermal Abyss. And it was these tattoos. But instead of using traditional inks, we were using biosensors. And these biosensors that we could inject inside of the skin and they could react and change its color, revealing information that we usually don't have access to. Because, for example, if you wanted to have access to your cholesterol levels or your glucose, you have to make some blood tests. But what will happen if your tattoo is changing color and will give you that information? We were doing some experiments and we were even using a tattoo gun and injecting this ink in big skin and trying to make it to change its color. And we were doing that because inside of the skin we have this liquid, this interstitial fluid. And if the ink that is in the dermis is in direct contact with these fluids, we could detect different information that is inside of our body. So for that we were starting doing several tests with some fluorescence biosensors and some other chromatic biosensors. The fluorescence we were using sodium and pH. So the intensity of the fluorescence was giving us some information of lower or higher pH, for example. And the chromatic biosensors like glucose or pH, too, we were also giving us different colors that could also be reflected into a tattoo. After that we were also creating, now with Ali Jettison from Imperial College of London and our colleagues, we were extending this research adding new biosensors, too. But also what will happen in the same tattoo? We will have different colors of tattoos and we could read that through another software we developed with a camera, with your cell phone. So you could read that information and detect different information seeing the same tattoo. And of course this is a project still in development. I cannot make a tattoo to you right now. But because there are still many tests that we have to do, sitiologically, we could think about permeability, reversibility. We did that in an ex vivo model. We have to move in vivo clinical trials. You must think about how usually drugs takes a long time to develop. But today I wanted to share to you what were some lessons learned of creating these kind of projects. First I was imagining what it means to have the skin as a display. How we have like these cells tissues that could maybe convert into information that could reveal and have access to these, kind of like a portal to our inner self. Also thinking about technology that could be indistinguishable from the human body by using tattoos and technology that could be actually looking as part of your body by using tattoos. We are used to have in interfaces some buttons or some screens that you touch to having some kind of interactions. What will happen if our metabolism is an input for the interface? In this way like you could think about what you eat and what's happening inside of your body could be revealed. And also in my experience, since the beauty technology project but also the tattoo project, I was working with different artists. Different artists like as a loom when I was doing my fingernails. And tattoo artists in the tattoo studios that they were also very inspiring for me because they were creating their own designs and their own art and combining that with the sensors that we were implanted to them. So I think that if you think about wearables today we have these big technology industries that have a combination with a fashion industry. So I envision in the future this other kind of combination between technology industry but also beauty salons or tattoo studios or all these different body modification technologies that could also embed these technologies that we are creating today. And as we are also talking about gravel interfaces I want to share also another project from my student, LD Lassaro that we are also thinking about how to create sustainable prototyping. And for that if we think about us as designers and creators of technology we have a waste problem. We are generating different ways since like the different iterations that we create for having one prototype or the different leftovers for creating our designs. And even like after that we have induced prototypes that are in our shelves and this is how my lab actually looks like. And if you think about the degradation time of materials it makes I want you maybe to reflect about our practice as prototypers or designers or creators of technology of what it means to have all these ways that we are generating in our community. So this project was embedded different ways to use biodegradable materials in this case mycelium because you can create different shapes it's water resistant, it's heat resistant and we were embedded that and that's why we were using electronics to create these kinds of ways to prepare and enhance different tangibles, interfaces on our body but also different objects. We are creating also different workshops and also creating different objects that showcase these ideas of having also biodegradable materials. And for that I will just leave you with this cycle that shows how could be a sustainable prototype in life cycle. And this project right now I was showing you mainly what it means to use and the end of life of the materials but we have to think about ahead or before that what it means for having that material that you are using for digital fabrication you have to have like create the raw material, having distribution doing the manufacturing and sending that for you to use and create your prototypes. So I want to just leave you with that to having you as a reflection of your practice and maybe in the workshop we could also talk about what it means and some recommendations for improving our prototypes and the way that we create in a more sustainable way. So thank you very much.