 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the population bomb as proposed by Malthusian theory which we are going to review. Population bomb refers to the idea that global population growth is outstripping the planet's ability to sustain the human life, leading to environmental degradation, resource depletion and social unrest. The population bomb has been framed within the context of Malthusian theory with some scholars arguing that the overpopulation is actually the root cause of many social and environmental problems. So, if we talk about the history of 200 years, particularly in the western society, we can see that how gigantic impact it had on the population policies of these countries. And the population was seen as a bomb that at any time is just like a time bomb which is tipping and which can explode anytime. So, in this way, the policies were developed and the growth rate was quickly reduced. So, due to this, the impacts or effects were on your social life, on your economic life, and even on your environmental policies, the effects were very far away. So, this growth or this population bomb ideology or population bomb theory has been framed within the context of Malthusian theory in such a way that with some scholars arguing that this overpopulation actually is the root cause of many social and environmental problems. Even today, when we look at the overpopulation in Pakistan, we can see that the Malthusian theory's point of view, the point of view of the population bomb, is the same. And the same continuity is that even today, the overpopulation in Pakistan is the biggest issue. Rather, we understand the root cause of all the other issues. And in our opinion, for effective policy making, we need to reduce and reduce the growth of the population as soon as possible so that the existing resources we have can make equitable distribution effective policies. So, the population bomb has also been criticized for its pessimistic view of human progress and its failure to account for technological innovation and economic development. So, one side is that the theory of the population bomb has been criticized a lot. It has developed new theories. But unfortunately, countries like Pakistan still rely on such theories. And they believe that the population bomb is a potential risk for your growth and economic development. So, the population bomb should be controlled as soon as possible. So, in Pakistan, the population bomb has been used to justify the population control policies and the promotion of different family planning programs. The study of population bomb is actually very essential for understanding the historical and contemporary debates surrounding population growth and environmental sustainability. Because it has been challenged by the alternative theories of population growth, including the demographic transition theory and Marxian theory, we need to understand our population problems from different contexts and from different point of views. The study of population bomb also requires a multidisciplinary approach and by analyzing the complexities of population bomb, we can gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which population growth and environmental sustainability shape the social relationships and impact the individual behavior as well as collective well-being. So, population bomb can also inform policy decisions around the social issues such as resource allocation, environmental regulation and social welfare. While the population bomb has its limitations, it has remained an important framework for understanding the potential challenges and opportunities facing the contemporary societies. However, in the recent past, we need to understand that the new policies and new theories have emerged which are viewing the population growth from entirely different point of view. So, we need to incorporate these point of views as well.