 Nanotherapeutics have been developed as an alternative to traditional chemotherapy treatments, due to their ability to target specific cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. These include nanoparticle-based carriers, liposome-based carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous-silica nanoparticles, nanoparticulate chemosensitizers, nanoparticulates of paloxamer and magnetic nanoparticles. Additionally, hydrophobicity of chemotherapeutics has led to poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability, which can be improved upon by nanocrystal formulations, albumin-based nanoparticles, liposomal formulations, polymeric micelles, cyclo-dextrin and chytosan-based nanoparticles. This article was authored by Murdi Chidambaram, Arman Balan and K. Kuthi-Rezan.