 Today, we will be talking about the era of modern science. After looking at all the details of historical case studies, today we are looking at how the emergence of those all scientific time has been came and in that we have exposure to the things of the 20th century. In the 19th century, psychology was already being accepted as a science and it is an empirical one and experiments and researches were proving that it proves everything in a scientific way. Progress of medication began to accelerate and the treatment of research subjects was also changed. Now, in the era of classical case studies, we are not able to do the same with human subjects or even animals. Even if we want to bring a rat to an experiment or treatment, it is also properly dissected and properly used in a particular manner. We cannot leave it as it is. If it is very important that it is a matter of life. Otherwise, it is treated with surgical procedures. Similarly, in today's time, there are the different things which is related to vaccinations and latest invasive treatments. So, even there, we need to revise and update the code of ethics a lot. The concept of human rights have emerged more strongly. Justice, dignity, human rights are being discussed a lot. And with it came the discussion of various codes and ethics which are being used in scientific disciplines. For example, Walter Reed's well-known experiments to develop an inoculation for yellow fever lead these advances. Now, in today's time, when we talk about vaccination experiments, they have to be very carefully scrutinized unlike the earlier trials. As you have seen recently, the vaccinations made by the coronavirus, until the World Health Organization did not approve those vaccinations, no developed country did an opt-in for its participants. In the rest of the world, only those vaccinations were given, which would at least follow the protocol of basic FDA, and they had some better results in the clinical trial. Before this, this was not the case. There were many diseases in which thousands of people would die. In the name of experimentation, there were many big, big deserters. So, in today's time, we use vaccinations very carefully. And if there are one or two side effects or symptoms, then its use and its protection is immediately discontinued. So, this is the era of modern science. And in this, we have seen that the American Psychological Association has made its ethical guidelines and principles over the period of time to revise them again and again. Because, as time changes, they have to be updated. But the basic five general principles and ten code of ethics, they sustain there. And we only talk about improving them over the period of time. Therefore, overall, due to the development of psychology over time, ethics have become much more important for us. In nowadays, in modern days, as compared to the past times where the classical case studies were done. Ethical guidelines for human research are provided by American Psychological Association. Along with this, Animal Welfare Act also gives us the suggestions and guidelines of how we should deal with animals. Then, Association for Assessment and Accredition of Laboratory Animal Care. Their main principles are probably the same, but sensitization, according to the experimentation, may be different in nature in each of these acts and code of ethics. Due to the criticism at past studies, APA Ethic Courts have revised several times to ensure that researchers de-brief their participants regardless. What is the nature of the experiment they are doing into? Either it is a social experiment, or it is a behavioural experiment, or it is an economic experiment. We cannot de-brief them without them. Today, it is considered illegal in some countries. It is a crime. In their law, it is reported as a crime. To define the condition under which deception may be used, there would be the particular situations in which the researcher has chosen the right to give deception to the participant. We cannot de-deception in every situation. Its information was not as clear or loud as it is today. Then, to include specific guidelines for research with humans and animal subjects, even today, if we talk about online research, if we talk about animal research, then we have to look at the policy of cyber crime. We also have to look at the policies of animal welfare rights. APA is a larger charter, it is a broader spectrum that revives and updates human rights over the period of time so that we can understand it in a broader sense, and the human community and the animal community can think equally for their welfare.