 Two recent TB vaccine efficacy trials have reported positive results and are driving new momentum in the field, with the first prevention of infection trial evaluating the H4IC31 candidate or BCG revaccination in high-risk adolescents and a prevention of disease trial evaluating the M72 AS01E candidate in M. tubaculosis infected, healthy adults. These trials have established feasibility in the relatively near-term of developing novel, effective vaccines that could be crucial to ending the TB epidemic. This article was authored by N. M. Ginsberg.