 Ashish Jain from the Institute. Ashish has an industrial design degree from MIT Institute of Design Pune. He is going to take us through a project that have developed. It is a simple and cost effective product to screen refractive error of the eye. This is designed to help masses to self administer the refractive error. So I would like to welcome Mr. Ashish Jain on to the stage to share his project with us. Hi all, I am Ashish Jain. This is our team from last summer. We are a group of engineers, designers, makers, destroyers. We work at Shorjana Centre for Innovation at LV Prasad Eye Institute. LV Prasad Eye Institute is one of the world leading eye health care facility. And at Shorjana Centre for Innovation we are developing innovative products in eye health care. So you must have heard from Kaladar Babbuji that there was one device which actually won $50,000 last week at London. It was for clearly vision price and we stood second for the same. For a very simple device which is cost effective, user friendly, easy to assemble by any person in the world and to check their own refractive error. So the device is the forwarding for after. And so forwarding for after, I will tell you what for after means. So in the later slides. Let me start with the facts. So 2.3 billion people are actually facing poor vision due to uncorrected refractive error. And 153 million are actually going blind because of the same problem. And just imagine how many of you guys actually have glasses? Yeah. So you must have actually seen the heavy devices which they actually use to actually check your refractive error. Now this kind of device is not accessible to remote places and that is one of the biggest problem why people are not able to check their refractive error. So what are the consequences of not knowing your refractive error is that eventually you will go blind, right? And which can actually cause not to have a good education opportunity. You lose on jobs. And then because of that you will actually not live happy because you can't just do anything. In the quotes, this is 2013 hackathon at LV Prasad. It actually happened in Bits, Hyderabad. And he is Virendra Nath. He is an optometrist. He has been serving patients from last eight years. And he goes to the villages and does the screening programs. This is the fore after I'm actually talking about you go to the optometrist and then they check the refractive error. They use this heavy device. The problem with this heavy device is that it's really costly. It's massive. So you can't actually carry it to remote places. It needs expertise to actually use it. And talking about experts, we have really less experts. So how do we know, how do we actually make sure that every person is checking their own refractive error? Well, Virendra Nath carries this heavy box everywhere to actually do the screenings. And well, he was thinking he is that there should be something which is really simple, which can actually check the refractive error. One day he was just in his lab. He was just doing sex treatment and he saw there were two lenses which were kept. He looked through that and he moved one of those and he figured that he could actually see a focused image after that, after moving it to some distance. And he was just wondering what if he can use the same phenomena, same mechanism to actually create a very simple device which can have all these range of lenses into one small device. Well, this couldn't have happened without a team. He needed a team. So there is Virendra. He's an optometrist and a vision scientist. So when Virendra met Dhruv, he's a technical consultant to our place. He's also an engineer. So when he met Dhruv, he discussed this problem with him. And Dhruv was like, yes, let's create some device which actually works. But there, so after that, we made this kind of device, which is a plastic prototype, 3D printed, which has two lenses in that. And as you move the lenses, it actually gives you the range of powers for the same. Well, Dhruv didn't stop there. He wanted to make it, so he was thinking what if it, so the idea about this device is to reach to the mass, right? And it cannot happen without making sure that it actually is usable by the people. He wanted that it is more cost effective. What if a person can build it themselves and administer their own refractive error? Then this was the first prototype which we came up with, which is a really portable concept. It's a flat sheet of plastic, which you can actually crease and fold, place the two lenses and it will actually work as the same thing. Well, that was not decomposable. And we were thinking what if it is eco-friendly? And we came up with this, which is a cardboard device doing the same thing. Well, it was not robust. And it was not easy to assemble as well. And we were thinking that if we need something which is easily usable, we need to actually work more on the design part of it. This was another iteration of that where we actually reduced the costs and it became really simple to actually cut it by the user and fold it to make the assembly better. Well, this assembly didn't have the aspect of simplicity to assemble it by the user. And then we came up with this design, which is this one. A very simple device where it's a telescopic thing, which has two lenses, very origami based and it has two sections with an eye cup. Working is really, really simple. So working is really, really simple. What you have to do is, so what you have to do is you have to look at a target at a distance through the lens and you have to move the other lens, which is in the front and slowly retract as you see the first clear image. As soon as you see the first clear image, you have to stop and the device will show the reading which is equivalent to your power. Well, this idea was really simple and it had to be a really, really user friendly device. So what we did that is whatever joineries were there, we actually build it into a sticking thing. So it's easy for the user to actually remove the tape and then just put it together. It doesn't take more than five minutes to assemble it. And it's a really, really cost effective device where the devices which are available in the market are more than $250. Well, this device is less than 20 rupees. Thank you. So it's simple. There are two paper cutouts and you just have to fold them, place the lenses. You have a user manual to look at it. You can actually follow the instructions and do that. And yeah, like self-administration, this is one of the pictures from our village trials when it was difficult for us to make this guy use this. And this actually led us to understand that whatever we design cannot actually improvise until and unless we actually reach to the mass, validate it, show them, make them use it, get the feedback and keep on improvising until it actually becomes perfect. Well, I don't think any product can be a perfect. As soon as it reaches the mass, it keeps on improvising and that's why we have range of products. Thank you. Since you have shown the design, all these things are square in shape. If the cross-section you see, it's a square. So why we haven't seen for a circular cross-section for it because... Yeah, that's a nice question. So you saw the first prototype, right? That was circular. So I'll show you that. So yeah, this was the first prototype. 3D printed, it was circular. And it was not telescopic though, but it has the same kind of mechanism where the lens is getting shifted. Well, you'll see most of telescopes are cylindrical because the lenses are circular, right? There were a few designs where at an old age, there were a few telescopes which were square in shape, but they were just square in shape because they were made out of sheet metal. Well, we took the same approach. We have a paper where we have to actually fold it like a sheet metal, right? So because of the intrinsic property of the paper, we had to choose this kind of approach where it is square in shape. So yeah, that's it. So we are still in the validation stage and we are still developing this, but the idea is that we'll soon be deploying the device into our own network to keep on... to start validation and improvise on the design. Thank you so much, Prabhu. We just need to get on to the next session. Thank you so much. Please give a big round of applause.