 Dear students, in this module we are going to talk about school as an important agent of socialization. Schools are important agents of socialization as they provide structured opportunities of learning for children and interaction with the peers and adults outside the family context. As soon as we get out of the family institution, our secondary socialization processes start and we start going to school, it is not like there are only teachers in the school who become our socializing agent. In fact, we learn from the environment of our school, learn from the activities there and in all these processes, our interaction with all the people is the most important part of our socialization process. This stage of learning for children and this institution is also very important. The concept of school is historically speaking, it has been in almost all societies. Yes, there has been a structure in the modern society as a formal institution, but in traditional societies or historical societies, in our classical history, in human history, this institution is in some form or another. Primarily, the responsibility of children's education was only on the family institution, then gradually, the place was taken by the teacher and who were particularly specialized in their field and they would teach the children. When we talk about the modern society, the name of the formal institutionalization of the modern society is also present as a formal institution because of this. And in this institution, the students who have been trained since childhood are affected. This is both the kind of education that is related to your skills and also your professional development. So in Pakistan, schooling might transmit values related to education, social hierarchies and national identities. So these are not only the professional skills or life skills that are taught, but they also construct national identity within you. We see that in Pakistan, as we have been taught by the community since childhood, which is our national anthem. And along with that, our focus is also on religious education, so that the life ideology of the child can be built up along with this time. Then schools also teach a range of cognitive and social skills such as reading, writing, problem solving, and collective or teamwork. So first of all, the children go to school to learn to write, to study, basic alphabets, how to make them. Along with learning all these things, the logic, the problem solving skill is also transmitted within you. And more importantly, teamwork or collective behavior is also taught that when you are in some kind of collectivity, then how should you behave as a team member? How can you perform? Because as an individual, you can perform many things. The socialization that you have in the house, most of it is your individual being as a socialization. But in school, you are in a special context, you have your other fellows, you have your class fellows, you are taught to behave in a context within them, how to talk to other children, how to talk to your teacher, how to behave during the game. So school is the environment that can also shape the students' social identities, attitudes and relationships with the peers and authority figures. So as we said earlier, you are not just your authority figures, your teachers, how to behave with them, it is taught about that, in fact, how can you behave with your fellow beings? So in a natural school plays a very important role as a socializing agent, not only in modern society, but it has been available in some form or the other in the traditional societies as well.